Wadi'ah

MAHYUDDIN KHALID
emkay@salam.uitm.edu.my
CONTENT
DEFINITION
EVIDENCES
PILLARS
CONDITIONS
DEFINITION EVIDENCE PILLARS OF AL-WADI'AH CONDITIONS OF AL-WADI'AH TYPE OF AL-WADI'AH SALIENT ISSUES OF AL-WADI'AH MODERN APPLICATION
TYPES
APPLICATION
DEFINITION
DEFINITION
Literally:
To leave, quit, abandon etc.
EVIDENCES
Technically:
Representation in keeping possession or respectable private goods in a specific way. Any belonging left by the owner or his representatives with somebody to take care of them.
PILLARS
CONDITIONS
TYPES
APPLICATION
Al-Wadi'ah is the commission given by the depositor to the depositary for holding his property in safe custody; al-amanah and done on the basis of charity
EVIDENCE
DEFINITION
Al-Quran:
.
EVIDENCES
PILLARS
CONDITIONS
TYPES
APPLICATION
EVIDENCE
DEFINITION
Hadith:
Discharge the trust to the person who entrust it to you, and do not betray the one who betrays you
(Sunan Abu Dawud)
EVIDENCES
PILLARS
Ijma:
The scholars from every single era of the Islamic eras had came to a consensus on the permissibility of the Wadi'ah contract since it is desired by the people in general to the extent that it is actually an essential and vital contract for the society
CONDITIONS
TYPES
APPLICATION
PILLARS OF AL-WADI'AH
DEFINITION
1. Al Muwaddi
Depositor, Owner of the property
EVIDENCES
2. Al Wadi
Depositee, Custodian of the property
PILLARS
3. Al-Wadi'ah
Property for safe keeping
CONDITIONS
4. Sighah
Offer (Ijab) Acceptance (Qabul)
TYPES
APPLICATION
FLOWS OF AL-WADI'AH
DEFINITION Ijab (Offer)
EVIDENCES
PILLARS
Al-Muwaddi (Depositor, Owner of the property)
CONDITIONS
Al-Wadi'ah (Property for safe keeping)
Al Wadi (Depositee, Custodian of the property)
TYPES
APPLICATION Qabul (Acceptance)
CONDITIONS OF AL-WADIAH
DEFINITION
Conditions for Contracting Parties

Al-muwaddi is the depositor or the owner of the property Al-wadi is the depositee or the custodian of the property Both parties must be person of sound mind and eligible to do a contract (ahliyaah al ada`a) Both parties must be eligible to be a wakil (agent) and trustee Al-wadi must ensure his capability to safe-keep the deposit.
EVIDENCES
PILLARS
CONDITIONS
TYPES
APPLICATION
ISB548
CONDITIONS OF AL-WADIAH
DEFINITION
Conditions for Wadiah (Deposited Property)

It must be valuable from Shariah view point, must be owned and deliverable It must be a form of property that can be possessed physically
EVIDENCES
PILLARS
CONDITIONS
TYPES
APPLICATION
ISB548
TYPES OF WADIAH
DEFINITION
Wadiah Yadd al-Amanah

Safe custody based on trust
EVIDENCES
Wadiah Yadd al-Dhamanah

Guaranteed safe custody
PILLARS
CONDITIONS
TYPES
APPLICATION
10
WADIAH YADD AL-AMANAH

DEFINITION
Generally, wadiah is based on amanah (trust) It is charitable and divinely rewarded. Important features of wadiah yadd al-amanah:
EVIDENCES
PILLARS
CONDITIONS
TYPES
APPLICATION
The custodian should keep the deposits as if he is keeping and taking care of his own property. The custodian should not responsible for any damage of the property so far it has not resulted from his negligence The custodian is not entitled to any profits gained from the contract. Any benefits accrued from the deposit belong to the owner. The custodian should not utilize or take benefit of the deposit. The custodian should not transfer the deposit in the hands of others without permission of the depositor. The custodian should not take the deposit in journey unless permission is given. The custodian should return the deposit back to the owner upon request.
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WADIAH YADD AL-DHAMANAH

DEFINITION
EVIDENCES
PILLARS
This type of Wadi'ah is a combination of safekeeping (Wadi'ah) and guarantee (dhaman). The Wadi'ah is based on guarantee whereby the custodian guarantees the refund of the property kept with him and ensures to refund the item upon request. This type of wadiaah facilitates wider application in the Islamic banking system. Important features of wadiah yadd al-dhamanah:
The custodian is entitled to use the deposited property for trading or any purposes. The custodian has a right to any income derived from the utilization of the deposited item and liable for any damages or loss The custodian owns the profit and under his discretion to give some portion of it as a gift (hibah) to the depositor. The gift cannot be in the form of a pre-agreed agreement. The custodian must return the deposited property to the owner at any time upon the request of the depositor.
CONDITIONS
TYPES
APPLICATION
12
AL-WADI'AH CONTRACT : TRUST OR GURANTEE?

DEFINITION
Al-Wadi'ah: Act of Trust (amanah) or Act of Guarantee (dhamanah)?

The jurists from different mazhabs had agreed that al Wadi'ah is an act of good deed which is encouraged (mandub), and there is reward (in the hereafter) for its preservation. It is essentially an act which is based on pure trust(amanah) and not a guarantee (dhamanah). The depositee is not liable to be the guarantor of the contract except for cases of carelessness or negligence. Hence, it is not legal to require the trustee to be a guarantor (accountable).
EVIDENCES
PILLARS
CONDITIONS
TYPES
APPLICATION
13
AL-WADI'AH: ACT OF TRUST BECOME ACT OF GUARANTEE
DEFINITION
Besides the cases of ignorance, contract of Wadi'ah could be transformed from trust (amanah) into guarantee (dhamanah) in the following cases if the depositee:
1. 2. Ignores the protection and safe keeping of the deposited property Deposits the property with somebody else, or not somebody who normally takes care of the depositees property. Benefits from the usage of the deposited property Travels with the deposited property. Refuses to return the deposited property to the depositor or withholds it even though he/she is capable of returning it. Mixes the deposited property with other properties, which could not be recognized and distinguished from each other. Commits certain conducts which are against the predetermined condition of the depositor.
EVIDENCES
PILLARS
CONDITIONS
TYPES
3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
APPLICATION
14
PROFIT GAINED FROM THE USAGE OF MONEY UNDER ALWADI'AH

1.
DEFINITION
AlMalikiah , Abu Yusof, Al-Laiths and Sufyan REASON:
The profit is for the depositee who traded the cash
EVIDENCES
PILLARS
1. The agent (depositee) is the guarantor and custodian of the money until it is returned back to the real owner. 2. The depositor does not essentially enter the contract of Wadi'ah with the intention of gaining any profit but with the purpose of safe guarding their deposited property. Hence, they should be given their original property without any amount of profit. 2. Abu Hanifah REASON: 1. The revenues were earned through an illicit gain. 2. If it is forbidden to sell the Wadi'ah property, the acquired profit would be considered as an illicit gain which could only be purified through donation and charity. 3. Others The profit will be shared and split between the depositor and depositee on the basis of Mudharabah contract. The depositee should donate the profit without benefiting from the proceeds
CONDITIONS
TYPES
APPLICATION
15
MODERN APPLICATION
DEFINITION
Responsibility of an Islamic Bank is considered as Yad Dhamanah when:

Bank imposes certain fee on the safe keeping of the items and provides a special place for the safe custody of these items. The bank will be held responsible for the replacement of these items in cases of loss, damage or destroy even if these disaster occur unintentionally or due to negligence. Bank uses the cash money for business purposes. In this case, the bank is obligated to fully return the al-Wadi'ah money that has been used back to the owner, regardless of whether the bank had made any profit or even loss from the business venture using the alWadi'ah money. This means that any profit would be owned by the bank and they have the right to give all or part of the proceeds back to the depositor based on their discretion as a gift or token which are not promised earlier
EVIDENCES
PILLARS
CONDITIONS
TYPES
APPLICATION
16
MODERN APPLICATION
Al-Wadi'ah Current Account
DEFINITION
EVIDENCES
PILLARS
CONDITIONS
TYPES
APPLICATION
Islamic Bank mobilizes customers deposits in Current Account under the principles of Al-Wadiah Yad Dhamanah (guaranteed custody). It is based on the combination of contract of custody (alWadiah) and guarantee (Yad Dhamanah). Bank receives deposits from its customers who want to make a safe custody of their funds and utilizing the services provided under the scheme of a current account. The bank then will ask permission to utilize their funds. However, the customers may withdraw their saving any time they desire. All the profit generated by the bank from the use of funds belongs to the bank. The bank provides cheque books and other services provided by conventional bank to the current account.
17
MODERN APPLICATION
Al-Wadi'ah Saving Account
DEFINITION
EVIDENCES
PILLARS
CONDITIONS
TYPES
APPLICATION
Islamic Bank mobilizes customers deposits in Savings Account under the principles of Al-Wadiah Yad Dhamanah (guaranteed custody). It is based on the combination of contract of custody (alWadiah) and guarantee (dhamanah) Bank accepts deposits from its customers who want to make a safe custody of their fund Profit generated by the bank from the use of such funds belong to the bank. Bank may at his discretion reward the customer by returning a portion of profits generated from the use of their funds from time to time. Bank provides its customers with saving passbook and other usual services provided for saving accounts by the conventional banks. ah).
18
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DEPOSITS UNDER ISLAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL BANKING CONVENTIONAL

DEFINITION
ISLAMIC
CONTRACT
Loan contract
Wadi'ah (safe-keeping) contract

Depositor Depositee
EVIDENCES
Lender Borrower
PILLARS
RELATIONSHIP
CONDITIONS
Deposits are paid interest

Conventional banks must give the depositers their interest payment Deposits are liability products of a bank
INCOME
OBLIGATION
Deposits are not entitled to any income

Islamic banks may give the depositer a share of the profits generated at their discretion Deposits are either a trust or guarantee products of a bank
TYPES
APPLICATION PRODUCTS
19
END OF CHAPTER
DEFINITION
EVIDENCES
PILLARS
CONDITIONS
TYPES
APPLICATION
20

Wadi'ah

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MAHYUDDIN KHALID

Al-Wadi'ah (Property for safe keeping)

Al Wadi (Depositee, Custodian of the property)

APPLICATION Qabul (Acceptance)

Conditions for Contracting Parties

Conditions for Wadiah (Deposited Property)

Wadiah Yadd al-Amanah

Wadiah Yadd al-Dhamanah

WADIAH YADD AL-AMANAH

WADIAH YADD AL-DHAMANAH

AL-WADI'AH CONTRACT : TRUST OR GURANTEE?

Al-Wadi'ah: Act of Trust (amanah) or Act of Guarantee (dhamanah)?

AL-WADI'AH: ACT OF TRUST BECOME ACT OF GUARANTEE

PROFIT GAINED FROM THE USAGE OF MONEY UNDER ALWADI'AH

AlMalikiah , Abu Yusof, Al-Laiths and Sufyan REASON:

The profit is for the depositee who traded the cash

Responsibility of an Islamic Bank is considered as Yad Dhamanah when:

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DEPOSITS UNDER ISLAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL BANKING CONVENTIONAL

Wadi'ah (safe-keeping) contract

Deposits are paid interest

Deposits are not entitled to any income

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