HTTP and 5G (fixed1)

HTTP
HTTP 5G
html5 conference 2018 on 2018.11.25
WebDINO Japan - Tomoya ASAI
with Softbank - Yasuhiro NAGAI

about:me
Tomoya ASAI - dynamis webdino.org
CTO
Tech Speaker
dynamis @ Community
Twitter: @dynamitter
facebook.com/dynamis
I LOVE Firefox = Red Panda = Petit Panda = Lesser Panda2
@

about: WebDINO Japan
Web, Browser, Open
( : )
(Chromium, Firefox )
( : Gecko )
Web & Open
Web IoT
2017 : Mozilla Japan WebDINO Japan
https://www.webdino.org/3

Today's Topics
Introduction
5G
Softbank 結 5G
5G
5G x IoT Studio
4

: Web
2014/10 - HTML5
2015/02 - HTTP/2 (RFC 7540, SPDY)
2015/10 - CSS snapshot 2015
2016/06 - ECMAScript 2016
2016/09 - TCP BBR Linux
2018/08 - TLS 1.3 (RFC 8446)
2019/xx - HTTP/3 (RFC TBD)
6

: HTTP over QUIC HTTP/3
IETF 103 (2018/11)
QUIC WG HTTPbis WG  
HTTPbis WG
2018/11
Chrome gQUIC IETF QUIC
HTTP/3 Litespeed
Facebook
: https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/quic/RLRs4nB1lwFCZ_7k0iuz0ZBa35s7

:
1.
×
Minify
Gzip Brotli (2 )
HTTP/2 QUIC
2.
×
TLS1.3 QUIC 0-RTT
ほ BBR
駄駄9

Web
201x
HTTP/3 HTTP/2 + BBR
#html5conf #html5j_h

Softbank WebDINO
5G x IoT Studio
WebDINO Japan
5G ( )

Softbank & WebDINO Japan
#html5conf #html5j_h
5G

about:me
15
Yasuhiro Nagai
yasuhiro.nagai@g.softbank.co.jp
LTE, LTE-Advanced, 5G
IoT-platform
IoT (NIDD)
MaaS

1Gbps 10Gbps
10ms
10 /
1ms
100 /
5G4G

F e
C
M
tr n E U
2 / 2/
P
tr n e
d i r I
g g BG
P
r A
0

HTTP/1.1 + TLS/1.2
HTTP/1.1
HTTP (HOL)
(RTT ) 
TLS 1.2 2-RTT (false start 1-RTT)
...
TLS/1.2
CRIME ...
:http://bit.ly/1gqR7WN (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQZ-0mXFmk8)36
TCP 3-way  
1~3 RTT 
(RTT = 100ms )

HTTP 1.1
TCP 1 1
CSS JS
6
Softbank37

TLS 1.2 (full handshake)
RTT (Round Trip Time) =
2-RTT
TLS False Start 1-RTT  
(Finished Application Data )
HTTP Application Data
1-2
session id Hello 1-RTT
Application Data
38
clientHello
serverHello 
ServerCertificate 
(ServerKeyExchange) 
(CertificateRequest) 
ServerHelloDone
(ClientCertificate) 
ClientKeyExchange 
(CertificateVerify) 
ChangeCipherSpec 
Finished 
(Application Data)
ChangeCipherSpec
Finished
Application Data
( )

TCP
TCP
TCP (HOL)
( )
( )
BBR
39

TCP
TCP
TCP ACK
CWND
( )
TCP N 1/N
TCP
(1 )
: https://csperkins.org/research/tcp-hollywood/2016-05-19-networking/40

HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2
TCP
HTTP
TCP 1 TCP
HPACK (HTTP )
(
)
Google SPDY HTTP/241
H2 H2
HTTP/1.1 TCP
 
HTTP/2 TCP

TLS 1.3 :
0-RTT ( 1-RTT)
(TLS 1.2 1 RTT )
( )
TCP
42

TLS 1.3 (full handshake)
Full Handshake 1-RTT
PSK Application
Data clientHello 0-RTT
0-RTT
Hello
43
clientHello
(KeyShare)
serverHello
(KeyShare) 
EncryptedExtensions 
(CertificateRequest) 
(Certificate) 
Finished 
Application Data
(Certificate) 
Finished 
Application Data
Application Data
( )

0-RTT
Hello
Application Data
(PSK)
PSK  
(PSK Hello )
(TLS )
POST44
clientHello
(Application Data)
serverHello 
EncryptedExtensions 
Finished 
Application Data
EndOfEarlyData 
Finished 
Application Data
Application Data
( )

TCP
:
BDP ( x RTT) CWND
RTT
(Slow Start)
45
25
Deliveryrate
BDP BDP+BufSize
RTT
Optimal: max BW and min RTT (Kleinrock)
amount in flight
Optimal operating point
23
Deliveryrate
BDP BDP+BufSize
RTT
Loss based CC (CUBIC / Reno)
amount in flight
Loss based congestion control in deep buffers
BDP = (max BW) * (min RTT)
26
Deliveryrate
BDP BDP+BufSize
RTT
amount in flight
Est min RTT = windowed min of RTT samples
Est max BW = windowed max of BW samples
Estimating optimal point (max BW, min RTT)

(BDP )
https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/101/materials/slides-101-iccrg-an-update-on-bbr-work-at-google-0046
25
Deliveryrate
BDP BDP+BufSize
RTT
Optimal: max BW and min RTT (Kleinrock)
amount in flight
Optimal operating point

( )
23
Deliveryrate
BDP BDP+BufSize
RTT
Loss based CC (CUBIC / Reno)
amount in flight
Loss based congestion control in deep buffers

: BBR
RTT
RTT
RTT 駄
Google
google.com 2%
YouTube 13%
YouTube RTT 32%
Loss 1% 2%
https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=302218448

BBR ( BW RTT )
BDP = (max BW) * (min RTT)
26
Deliveryrate
BDP BDP+BufSize
RTT
amount in flight
Est min RTT = windowed min of RTT samples
Est max BW = windowed max of BW samples
Estimating optimal point (max BW, min RTT)

QUIC
HTTP + TLS over TCP UDP
HTTP/2 ( )
HTTP/2 + TLS1.2 + TCP HOL
0-RTT ( TLS 1.3 )
Multipath (5G + LTE + WiFi )
http://www.davidromerotrejo.com/2016/09/moving-web-from-tcp-to-udp.html?m=151
 
TLS 1.3

HTTP/2 TCP HOL
: http://bit.ly/1gqR7WN (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQZ-0mXFmk8)52
H2 H2
H2 H2
HTTP/2 TCP  
 
( )
QUIC UDP  
 
( )

HTTP/3 ( HTTP over QUIC)
Google QUIC IETF QUIC
Google HTTP + TLS UDP
gQUIC IETF QUIC (iQUIC)
IETF iQUIC QUIC Transport HTTP over
QUIC (hq)
QPACK ( ) /
HTTP over QUIC = hq HTTP/3
IETF 103 hq HTTP/3
Transport QUIC
https://daniel.haxx.se/blog/2018/11/11/http-3/53

IETF QUIC
https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/quic/deps/svg/54
HTTP/3 
( QUIC)

HTTP/3 + QUIC Transport
HTTP/2 + TCP
UDP TCP
 
( )
LTE, 5G, WiFi IP
ID  
( / IP+Port )
255 range Negative ACK (NACK)
HTTP/2 TCP
55

QUIC Transport MTU
Google MTU = 1350,1370 (IPv6,v4)
Path MTU
MTU MTU
HTTP/2
駄 MTU 1450
MTU
(MEC on 5G )
:
DDoS 1200 PMTU
1280 (IPv6 PMTU)
56

HTTP/3, QUIC
Server: Google Frontend (GCP) or LiteSpeed
Apach, Nginx QUIC
Client: Chrome
QUIC alt-svc HTTP/2
(
)
QUIC
--origin-port-to-force-quic-on
QUIC57

Google Quic
Google Front End ( )
Google QUIC GCP
LiteSpeed ( )
QUIC (2017/06 )
Caddy
GO LTE 駄
issue 5G 駄
Satellite (by LINE)
Google QUIC
: Chrome IETF QUIC Server58

: Google OSS QUIC
QUIC
quic_server, quic_client
toy server.
(HTTP
)
FYI: Chrome 2012 10 659

LiteSpeed
HTTP/2 OSS QUIC
Google Frontend
HTTP/2 QUIC
NIC
(by LiteSpeed )
Google
Web QUIC60

5G端末
5G基地局
5Gコア
シールドルーム
client server
UDP
計測時設定の
ダウンロード速度
計測時設定の
アップロード速度
往復遅延時間
( 最小 RTT )
2Gbps 200Mbps 5~7msec
5G 環境計測環境概要
4.7GHz

SYSTEM WORKS R8151
( )
64
CPU Intel Core i7-8700 (6core/3.2GHz)
Memory Server: 16GB (DDR4-2666) 
Client: 32GB (DDR4-2666)
HDD 256GB (NVMe SSD)
NIC Intel X550-T1, PCIe3.0 (10Gbps)
OS Linux (Ubuntu16.04LTS)
5G端末
5G基地局
シールドルーム
4.7GHz
5Gコア
(有線計測時のみ)
Ixia Network Emulator II
サーバマシン x 2 クライアント x 2
MTU=140010Gbps

Nginx 1.10.3 (HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2 )
Lite Speed Enterprise 5.3 RC (QUIC )
Chrome 68.0.3440.106
TCP BBR Kernel Update
OS Ubuntu 16.04LTS
Let's Encrypt HTTPS
Let's Deprecate HTTP!
Chrome65

Chrome + Puppeteer ( )
JavaScript fetch Resource Timing
API (5μs ) DL
(
)
ping RTT (0.02 )
sar NIC/CPU/Memory
sar
tcpdump ( )
tcpdump 1 40GB66

HTTP/1.1 (cubic, bbr), HTTP/2 (cubic, bbr), QUIC 5
駄 5G 駄
駄 (DL )
fetch 4 x 5 = 20 467
fetch
single 5GB
movie 340MB MP4 (16 files) 
BigBuckBunny 1080p 60fps
DL
image 62KB 22MB PNG (712 files)
BigBuckBunny
movie chunk
100
chunk 1 2MB (139 files x 10)
YouTube BBB
( 10 )

(ping, sar)
Client : ping i 0.02 $server > $ lename
RTT 0.02
chart.js ( )
Server/Client : sar A o $ lename
sadf ( )
1 :
CPU Memory NIC (TCP,
UDP
) block device I/O Transfer
68

5G RTT ( )
http/1.1, cubic, movie (9/22)69
RTT
(50ms )
RTT    
RTT
RTT 10ms

( )
5G 駄
( ) 5G
5G 5G ( )
MEC
駄
5G
駄
72

5G
CUBIC BBR
HTTP/2 TCP 1
QUIC73
HTTP/1.1 (CUBIC) HTTP/2 (CUBIC) HTTP/1.1 (BBR) HTTP/2 (BBR) QUIC
single movie image chunk
: QUIC  
 
( )

5G
CUBIC BBR
HTTP/2 TCP 1
QUIC74
HTTP/1.1 (CUBIC) HTTP/2 (CUBIC) HTTP/1.1 (BBR) HTTP/2 (BBR) QUIC
single movie image chunk
: QUIC  
 
( )
TCP BBR
TCP CUBIC vs BBR 6 x TCP CUBIC vs BBR

(HTTP/1.1)
movie, image
TCP BBR CUBIC ( )
: 9/5 ( )75
( , 9/5) (Mbps)
http1.1, cubic, single 476, 697, 694, 746 653
http1.1, cubic, movie 969, 948, 878, 928 931
http1.1, cubic, image 1030, 1010, 902, 992 984
http1.1, cubic, chunk 864, 875, 885, 883 877
http1.1, bbr, single 555, 609, 578, 604 587
http1.1, bbr, movie 890, 866, 834, 867 864
http1.1, bbr, image 794, 790, 788, 634 751
http1.1, bbr, chunk 735, 818, 746, 767 767
( , 8/23) (Gbps)
http1.1, cubic, single 3.17, 3.18, 3.14, 3.12 3.15
http1.1, cubic, movie 2.73, 2.77, 2.72, 2.76 2.74
http1.1, cubic, image 2.00, 1.86, 1.86, 2.00 1.93
http1.1, cubic, chunk 1.30, 1.27, 1.28, 1.28 1.28
http1.1, bbr, single 3.13, 3.24, 3.15, 3.13 3.18
http1.1, bbr, movie 2.82, 2.90, 2.88, 2.88 2.87
http1.1, bbr, image 2.02, 1.86, 1.98, 1.95 1.95
http1.1, bbr, chunk 1.30, 1.27, 1.28, 1.28 1.28

(HTTP/2)
HTTP/1.1 vs HTTP/2 CUBIC vs BBR
HTTP/2
TCP 1
: 9/5 ( )76
( , 8/23) (Gbps)
http2, cubic, single 3.22, 3.11, 3.22, 3.20 3.19
http2, cubic, movie 2.83, 2.74, 2.80, 2.81 2.79
http2, cubic, image 1.93, 1.68, 1.91, 1.65 1.79
http2, cubic, chunk 1.35, 1.27, 1.34, 1.35 1.33
http2, bbr, single 3.22, 3.11, 3.22, 3.20 3.19
http2, bbr, movie 2.83, 2.74, 2.80, 2.81 2.79
http2, bbr, image 1.93, 1.68, 1.91, 1.65 1.79
http2, bbr, chunk 1.35, 1.27, 1.34, 1.35 1.33
( , 9/5) (Mbps)
http2, cubic, single 700, 896, 816, 959 823
http2, cubic, movie 826, 901, 699, 676 776
http2, cubic, image 740, 704, 560, 725 682
http2, cubic, chunk 875, 881, 878, 880 879
http2, bbr, single 700, 896, 816, 959 843
http2, bbr, movie 826, 901, 699, 676 776
http2, bbr, image 740, 704, 560, 725 682
http2, bbr, chunk 875, 881, 878, 880 879

(QUIC)
QUIC movie
HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2
QUIC Chrome ( )
Disk I/O ( )
QUIC, single 駄 n/a77
( , 8/23) (Gbps)
quic, single 3.22, 3.19, 3.22, 3.24 3.22
quic, movie 3.23, 3.20, 3.18, 3.14 3.19
quic, image 2.10, 1.89, 2.19, 2.15 2.08
quic, chunk 1.35, 1.28, 1.35, 1.32 1.32
( , 9/21) (Mbps)
quic, single n/a n/a
quic, movie 374, 365, 395, 378 378
quic, image 492, 472, 488, 451 476
quic, chunk 495, 504, 540, 531 518

5G
1.
CUBIC RTT
BBR
RTT
5G 駄
2.
QUIC HOL
78

5G
1.
a. 5G
OR
b. RTT
2.
HTTP, TCP HOL
QUIC
note:
NEXT TODO: 駄79

5G HTTP/2
TCP LOH HTTP/1.1
TCP N
( 1/N )
(HTTP/1.1 )
TCP
HTTP + TCP QUIC
TCP LOH QUIC
QUIC
5G RTT HTTP/280
YES.
HTTP/2 
is slow
on 5G.

5G BBR
CUBIC
5G 駄
 
0.1%
BBR RTT
5G 駄
(TCP/IP )
RTT
BBR RTT
note: 50ping/sec81
YES.
BBR 
is slow
on 5G.

5G RTT
http/2, cubic, movie RTT82
 
RTT
 
RTT
10ms

HTTP/1.1, CUBIC, movie RTT
CUBIC RTT 50ms RTT83
Average Variance Standard
Deviation
Max Min
18.1362 514.634 22.68553986 425 2.35
Mbps
1 935
2 928
3 928
4 878
50ms

HTTP/1.1, BBR, Movie RTT
BBR RTT 50ms 10ms CUBIC84
Average Variance Standard
Deviation
Max Min
10.9638 88.354 9.399678951 81.3 2.21
Mbps
1 559
2 435
3 510
4 556
50ms
10ms

: TCP (CUBIC) iperf
60 ( )
1.8Gbps 3 775Mbps
85
180s 1810Mbps

: TCP (BBR) iperf
CUBIC 500Mbps
400Mbps
RTT86

5G CUBIC
CUBIC
BBR 4 60 80%
CUBIC
note: BBR 駄 CUBIC
駄
note: 50ping/sec87
NO.
CUBIC 
CAN be
slow.
( , 9/20) 1 2 3 4
http2, cubic, movie 634Mbps 686Mbps 905Mbps 500Mbps
http2, cubic, chunk 240Mbps 549Mbps 264Mbps 339Mbps
http2, bbr, movie 291Mbps 301Mbps 300Mbps 280Mbps
http2, bbr, chunk 284Mbps 321Mbps 308Mbps 326Mbps

5G QUIC
QUIC
5G RTT
RTT
RTT 20-30ms 50ms
RTT
5G
( )
NEXT TODO:88
QUIC
CAN be
fastest
on 5G.

1 x Chrome, HTTP/2, quic, movie
364 393Mbps
750Mbps (5G 1/3 )
89
1 (374Mbps) 2 (364Mbps) 3 (393Mbps) 4 (378Mbps)

2 x Chrome, HTTP/2, quic, movie
449 650Mbps
2 2.1Gbps ( 5G )
90
1
(590/579Mbps
)
2
(590/579Mbps
)
3
(449/461Mbps
)
4  
(650/618Mbps
)

4 x Chrome,HTTP/2,QUIC,Movie
4 2.3 Gbps
91
1
(286/279/ 
279/273)
2
(397/325/ 
371/328
3
(175/264/ 
194/268
4
(317/269/ 
270/266)

RTT
RTT
2G
( 1 40GB)
RTT
( ) RTT
(RTT )
CUBIC, BBR 縮
縮
TODO NEXT: 縮94

TCP RST
TCP RST (reset) TCP
( 縮 )
Web  
HTTP/2, QUIC fetch 100
Wireshark rst95

fetch
駄
駄 5%
5G 駄
fetch
fetch JS
96

HTTP (TCP) CUBIC BBR
5G CUBIC BBR
CUBIC
BBR
HTTP TCP
HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2
QUIC
( ) MEC
99

5G
RTT RTT
: HTTP/2 BBR QUIC RTT
fetch
catch resolve
QUIC
Web
100

5G x IoT Studio
102
https://tm.softbank.jp/form/contact/5g/index.php
5G×IoT Studio に関するお問い合わせ

5G x IoT Studio
103

5G x IoT Studio
104

Thank You!
Any Questions?
Feel free to contact me:
dynamis webdino.org 
@dynamitter, facebook.com/dynamis
Slide Upload: slideshare.net/dynamis
by @4687koSourijun
@

References - TCP
TCP/IP https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4894713209
Internet Week 99
TCP https://www.nic.ad.jp/ja/materials/iw/1999/notes/C3.PDF
TCP http://www.ieice-hbkb.org/ les/03/03gun_04hen_01.pdf
http://sacsis.hpcc.jp/2009/SACSIS2009_TCP.pdf
CUBIC for Fast Long-Distance Networks
RFC 8312 https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8312
CUBIC: a new TCP-friendly high-speed TCP variant https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?
id=1400105
106

References - BBR
BBR
BBR: Congestion-Based Congestion Control https://queue.acm.org/
detail.cfm?id=3022184
BBR for Linux Kernel
BBR congestion control https://lwn.net/Articles/701165/
patch https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-
next.git/commit/?id=0f8782ea14974ce992618b55f0c041ef43ed0b78
Linux Kernel 4.9 https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_4.9
107

References - Google QUIC
Chromium QUIC
https://www.chromium.org/quic
https://www.chromium.org/quic/playing-with-quic
Design Doc https://docs.google.com/document/d/
1RNHkx_VvKWyWg6Lr8SZ-saqsQx7rFV-ev2jRFUoVD34/edit?pli=1#
108

References - IETF QUIC
IETF QUIC WG https://quicwg.org/
GitHub - WG materials https://github.com/quicwg/wg-materials
IETF 103 Meeting
https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/103/materials
https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/103/session/quic
HTTP/3 https://daniel.haxx.se/blog/2018/11/11/http-3/
QUIC
RFC Drafts https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/quic/documents/
https://github.com/ ano-yuki/my-quic-spec-translation
109

Reference - QUIC
ASnoKaze Blog - QUIC https://asnokaze.hatenablog.com/
archive/category/QUIC
: http://www.soumu.go.jp/
main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/hyojun/02tsushin04_03000123.html
110

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