Decharm

It refers to the intrinsic motivation deriving from a feeling frequently involving flow--which is reminiscent of rhythm--born of feeling in control of outcomes existentially as the environment is negotiated (deCharms, 1968).

Esses autores, baseados nos trabalhos desenvolvidos por White (1975), DeCharms (1984) e Bowlby (1990), estabeleceram diferentes niveis de motivacao, os quais podem ser agrupados em tres diferentes conjuntos: motivacao intrinseca, motivacao extrinseca e desmotivacao.

Autonomy refers to a sense of volition and free agency concerning individual behavior choice, and that behavior is perceived to emanate from an internal locus of causality (power to choose) (DeCharms, 1968).

(4) As an example, deCharms demonstrated benefit for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS1), yet another relatively intractable condition that does not yield to pharmacotherapy.

333) or "acting from interest and integrated values" and "being the perceived origin or source of one's own behavior" (deCharms, 1968; Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2002, p.

Intrinsic motivation stands in contrast to extrinsic motivation--the urge to take part in an activity in order to gain something else such as material well-being, status, connections, or companionship of others (deCharms, 1968).

More specifically, perceived autonomy is determined as a person's urge to be causal agent of one's own life and act in harmony with one's integrated self (deCharms, 1968).

In addition, much of the education research has focused on children and adolescents as well as in a formal classroom learning environment (DeCharms, 1976; Deci, Nezlek, & Sheinman, 1981; Grolnick & Ryan, 1985; Guay et al., 2010; Vansteenkiste, Smeets, Soenens, Matos, & Deci., 2010).