cDNA

Inability to obtain clean, intact RNA may result in the failure of downstream applications such as cDNA synthesis, RT-PCR, cDNA display and cDNA synthesis.

The cDNA was synthesized using the cloned AMV First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Invitrogen, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

The use of viruses as vectors for cDNA libraries overcomes the difficulty of isolating antigens in tumor cells by giving the immune system a more co-plete picture of the cancerous invader.

The yields achieved with partially optimized cDNAs were approximately 1.5 to 1.7 times higher than that achieved with the wild type cDNA, while a fully synthetic (FS) cDNA displayed a 3-fold higher yield and a 2.85-fold higher specific activity than the wild type cDNA.

The mRNA pellet was dissolved in DEPC treated water and used immediately for construction of cDNA library or stored at -150[degrees]C for other purposes.

As described in the following sections, these include complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analyses, as well as proteomic strategies, to identify the genes and proteins involved in these processes.

A module with reagents only for cDNA synthesis and amplification is also available.

Competitive inhibition experiments indicated that inclusion of the LiCl precipitation step efficiently removed substances inhibitory to cDNA synthesis (Barlow et al.

First strand cDNA was synthesized from purified RNA, using Revert Aid Premium First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit.

The 5' ends were generated according to the instructions for the 5' Full RACE Core Set cDNA Kit (Clontech, Beijing, China).

nasus SS1 cDNA and characterized its tissue-specific expression patterns for the first time.