Establishing Protected Areas (PAs) is considered one of the most appropriate ways to conserve nat... more Establishing Protected Areas (PAs) is considered one of the most appropriate ways to conserve nature and cultural landscapes. However, conservation constraints can generate social conflicts, especially at a local level. In small islands (SIs), local conflicts may escalate due to an increase in competition for limited space and resources. Pico island in the Azores Archipelago (Portugal), part of the Outermost European region, was considered a good case to study conservation-development conflicts due to the amount of designated protected land (> 35% of its surface) and the approval of a new Azorean PA network in 2007. This paper presents a new approach to understanding and mapping local conflicts within PAs in SIs by integrating qualitative data and spatially explicit information. This research takes stock of the benefits, needs and constraints related to Pico Natural Park as perceived by local stakeholders through face-to-face semi-structured interviews; it subsequently identifies...
Multifunctional artificial reefs (MFARs) have been growing in popularity over the last decade. Th... more Multifunctional artificial reefs (MFARs) have been growing in popularity over the last decade. They are offshore submerged structures which provide coastal protection while also enhancing marine and recreational amenities such as surfing and beach widening. A feasibility study was undertaken for São Miguel Island (Azores) where island-wide general site-selection criteria and local site-specific parameters identified São Roque reef as a potential MFAR location. Expert knowledge addressed multidisciplinary aspects through semi-guided interviews, which provided evaluation criteria for the São Roque reef development. Wave changes before and after reef reprofiling were determined using the Regional Coastal Process WAVE propagation model (CEDAS/RCPWAVE). Results demonstrated additional coastal protection to the historic church and existing seawalls, and no adverse effects on the updrift São Roque and downdrift Pópulo Milicias beaches. Further simulation for an extended reef (30 m seaward)...
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2014
The biophysical features of small islands (SI) distinguish them from other territories; isolation... more The biophysical features of small islands (SI) distinguish them from other territories; isolation, small size and several anthropogenic pressures reduce the resilience of ecosystems and increase their vulnerability to global changes. Many SI have a shortage of infrastructures, institutions and technical/financial resources that hinder planning and require different integrated solutions. In Portugal, the National Ecological Reserve (NER) is legally binding for spatial planning instruments. It aims to defend natural values and areas of ecological value, or sensibility, or susceptible to natural hazards. However, the criteria for the design of NER are strictly set for mainland territory, not taking into account specific features of small islands. A case study of the Azores Archipelago is used to demonstrate that spatial planning instruments should be adapted to island contexts. Such adaptation will increase the effectiveness of their implementation in relation to the protection of natural resources, stability of biophysical structures and prevention of natural hazards. Observing the main differences between mainland and the Azores Archipelago it is possible to define a methodological transposition of the NER aims and goals into an island context. This approach is an answer to the constraints in effective adaptation of spatial planning instruments for islands.
Many shark species are highly endangered. The main cause of mortality is fishing. Shark tourism i... more Many shark species are highly endangered. The main cause of mortality is fishing. Shark tourism is growing worldwide and has the potential to provide incentive-based conservation for some shark species but fishing remains a major challenge. In the Azores, sharks are still relatively abundant and a shark tourism industry has developed over the last few years. This article reports on the current status of shark diving, conflicts with fishing, dive industry management, and the potential future sustainability of shark diving in the Azores. Interviews with industry stakeholders show a rapidly emerging conflict with fisheries that threatens the future sustainability of the shark-diving industry. To facilitate the sustainable development of shark watching, partnerships among operators, local fishers, and the government are essential.
Em regiões insulares, distantes dos espaços continentais circundantes, são as condicionantes biof... more Em regiões insulares, distantes dos espaços continentais circundantes, são as condicionantes biofísicas, em particular os recursos naturais disponíveis (limitados) ea fragmentação territorial (isolamento e dispersão geográfica), aliadas às restrições ...
Invasions by alien species are widely recognized as a significant component of global environment... more Invasions by alien species are widely recognized as a significant component of global environmental changes caused by human action, often resulting in a relevant loss in economic value, biological diversity and functions of invaded ecosystems (Mooney & Hobbs, 2000). The biological invasion by exotic species is considered the second leading cause for the global loss of biodiversity, being exceeded only by habitat destruction. However, most of these invasive species are introduced after a new habitat become harmful and causes ...
Due to their geographical framing as well as their morphological and ecological characteristics, ... more Due to their geographical framing as well as their morphological and ecological characteristics, small islands including ultraperipheral European regions and the SIDS (Small Island Developing States) are more vulnerable to certain phenomena that, in a serious and potentially irreversible way, threaten and compromise their sustainable development, with particular emphasis on their biodiversity. The planning and management systems of the Protected Areas have consequently to be adjusted to their specific context, ...
Na continuidade da linha de investigação em curso que visa a gestão integrada das zonas costeiras... more Na continuidade da linha de investigação em curso que visa a gestão integrada das zonas costeiras dos Açores, a Secção de Geografia do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade dos Açores deslocou uma equipa pluridisciplinar, composta por 9 elementos, para participar na ...
6“The problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered as a whole” UNCL... more 6“The problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered as a whole” UNCLOS,1982 The introduction of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) from 1982 summarizes in a sentence, most of the challenges that Planners face when working on the maritime space. The multidimensional character, the interrelations with fuzzy borders, and mostly, the abysm of the unknown, transform the marine realm with a fantastic opportunity to be creative in exploring new methods for the planning
This paper examines the concept of maritime multi-use as a territorial/SPATIAL governance instrum... more This paper examines the concept of maritime multi-use as a territorial/SPATIAL governance instrument for the enhancement of sustainable development in five EU sea basins. Multi-use (MU) is expected to enhance the productivity of blue economy sectors, as well as deliver additional socio-economic benefits related to the environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development. The paper provides a definition of maritime multi-use and identifies the multi-uses with the highest potential in EU sea basins. In each sea basin, multi-use plays a different role as concerns sustainable development. For the Eastern Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, the MU focus should remain on the environmental pillar of sustainable development. In the North Sea, North Atlantic and Western Baltic Sea, addressing social sustainability seems a key precondition for success of MU in enhancement of sustainable spatial development at sea. Moreover, it has been suggested to introduce MU key ...
Gil A., Calado H., Costa L.T., Bentz J., Fonseca C., Lobo A., Vergilio M. and Benedicto J., 2011.... more Gil A., Calado H., Costa L.T., Bentz J., Fonseca C., Lobo A., Vergilio M. and Benedicto J., 2011. A Methodological Proposal for the Development of Natura 2000 Sites Management Plans. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 64 (Proceedings of the 11th International Coastal Symposium), 1326 – 1330. Szczecin, Poland, ISSN 0749-0208 This paper makes recommendations for the development of Management Plans for Natura 2000 Sites, enabling future managers and decision-makers to elaborate and implement their own plans more efficiently and in a more informed fashion. The original methodology entailed a 10 phase plan, starting with “Problem Classification and Stakeholder Identification” and ending with Revision and/or Reformulation of the Management Plan”. It was utilized during the Pico da Vara Special Protected Area Management Plan elaboration process in 2005 by SPEA, on the behalf of the LIFE Priolo Project. Subsequent feedback led to an improved, more complete and balanced methodology capable of a...
Gil A., Yu Q., Lobo A., Lourenco P., Silva L. and Calado H., 2011. Assessing the effectiveness of... more Gil A., Yu Q., Lobo A., Lourenco P., Silva L. and Calado H., 2011. Assessing the effectiveness of high resolution satellite imagery for vegetation mapping in small islands protected areas. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 64 (Proceedings of the 11th International Coastal Symposium), 1663-1667. Szczecin, Poland, ISSN 0749-0208 S. Miguel Island's vascular plant flora (Archipelago of the Azores, Portugal) consists of approximately 1000 taxa and is largely dominated by non-indigenous taxa. However, existing indigenous vascular plant taxa are particularly important because they compose a very valuable ecosystem, the Azorean Laurel Forest. One of its most significant areas is the core of Pico da Vara/Ribeira do Guilherme Special Protected Area, in the former Natural Reserve of Pico da Vara, located in the mountain complex of Serra da Tronqueira. The rapid spread of some very aggressive invasive alien species, such as Pittosporum undulatum Vent. and Clethra arborea Aiton, are causing se...
Establishing Protected Areas (PAs) is considered one of the most appropriate ways to conserve nat... more Establishing Protected Areas (PAs) is considered one of the most appropriate ways to conserve nature and cultural landscapes. However, conservation constraints can generate social conflicts, especially at a local level. In small islands (SIs), local conflicts may escalate due to an increase in competition for limited space and resources. Pico island in the Azores Archipelago (Portugal), part of the Outermost European region, was considered a good case to study conservation-development conflicts due to the amount of designated protected land (> 35% of its surface) and the approval of a new Azorean PA network in 2007. This paper presents a new approach to understanding and mapping local conflicts within PAs in SIs by integrating qualitative data and spatially explicit information. This research takes stock of the benefits, needs and constraints related to Pico Natural Park as perceived by local stakeholders through face-to-face semi-structured interviews; it subsequently identifies...
Multifunctional artificial reefs (MFARs) have been growing in popularity over the last decade. Th... more Multifunctional artificial reefs (MFARs) have been growing in popularity over the last decade. They are offshore submerged structures which provide coastal protection while also enhancing marine and recreational amenities such as surfing and beach widening. A feasibility study was undertaken for São Miguel Island (Azores) where island-wide general site-selection criteria and local site-specific parameters identified São Roque reef as a potential MFAR location. Expert knowledge addressed multidisciplinary aspects through semi-guided interviews, which provided evaluation criteria for the São Roque reef development. Wave changes before and after reef reprofiling were determined using the Regional Coastal Process WAVE propagation model (CEDAS/RCPWAVE). Results demonstrated additional coastal protection to the historic church and existing seawalls, and no adverse effects on the updrift São Roque and downdrift Pópulo Milicias beaches. Further simulation for an extended reef (30 m seaward)...
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2014
The biophysical features of small islands (SI) distinguish them from other territories; isolation... more The biophysical features of small islands (SI) distinguish them from other territories; isolation, small size and several anthropogenic pressures reduce the resilience of ecosystems and increase their vulnerability to global changes. Many SI have a shortage of infrastructures, institutions and technical/financial resources that hinder planning and require different integrated solutions. In Portugal, the National Ecological Reserve (NER) is legally binding for spatial planning instruments. It aims to defend natural values and areas of ecological value, or sensibility, or susceptible to natural hazards. However, the criteria for the design of NER are strictly set for mainland territory, not taking into account specific features of small islands. A case study of the Azores Archipelago is used to demonstrate that spatial planning instruments should be adapted to island contexts. Such adaptation will increase the effectiveness of their implementation in relation to the protection of natural resources, stability of biophysical structures and prevention of natural hazards. Observing the main differences between mainland and the Azores Archipelago it is possible to define a methodological transposition of the NER aims and goals into an island context. This approach is an answer to the constraints in effective adaptation of spatial planning instruments for islands.
Many shark species are highly endangered. The main cause of mortality is fishing. Shark tourism i... more Many shark species are highly endangered. The main cause of mortality is fishing. Shark tourism is growing worldwide and has the potential to provide incentive-based conservation for some shark species but fishing remains a major challenge. In the Azores, sharks are still relatively abundant and a shark tourism industry has developed over the last few years. This article reports on the current status of shark diving, conflicts with fishing, dive industry management, and the potential future sustainability of shark diving in the Azores. Interviews with industry stakeholders show a rapidly emerging conflict with fisheries that threatens the future sustainability of the shark-diving industry. To facilitate the sustainable development of shark watching, partnerships among operators, local fishers, and the government are essential.
Em regiões insulares, distantes dos espaços continentais circundantes, são as condicionantes biof... more Em regiões insulares, distantes dos espaços continentais circundantes, são as condicionantes biofísicas, em particular os recursos naturais disponíveis (limitados) ea fragmentação territorial (isolamento e dispersão geográfica), aliadas às restrições ...
Invasions by alien species are widely recognized as a significant component of global environment... more Invasions by alien species are widely recognized as a significant component of global environmental changes caused by human action, often resulting in a relevant loss in economic value, biological diversity and functions of invaded ecosystems (Mooney & Hobbs, 2000). The biological invasion by exotic species is considered the second leading cause for the global loss of biodiversity, being exceeded only by habitat destruction. However, most of these invasive species are introduced after a new habitat become harmful and causes ...
Due to their geographical framing as well as their morphological and ecological characteristics, ... more Due to their geographical framing as well as their morphological and ecological characteristics, small islands including ultraperipheral European regions and the SIDS (Small Island Developing States) are more vulnerable to certain phenomena that, in a serious and potentially irreversible way, threaten and compromise their sustainable development, with particular emphasis on their biodiversity. The planning and management systems of the Protected Areas have consequently to be adjusted to their specific context, ...
Na continuidade da linha de investigação em curso que visa a gestão integrada das zonas costeiras... more Na continuidade da linha de investigação em curso que visa a gestão integrada das zonas costeiras dos Açores, a Secção de Geografia do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade dos Açores deslocou uma equipa pluridisciplinar, composta por 9 elementos, para participar na ...
6“The problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered as a whole” UNCL... more 6“The problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered as a whole” UNCLOS,1982 The introduction of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) from 1982 summarizes in a sentence, most of the challenges that Planners face when working on the maritime space. The multidimensional character, the interrelations with fuzzy borders, and mostly, the abysm of the unknown, transform the marine realm with a fantastic opportunity to be creative in exploring new methods for the planning
This paper examines the concept of maritime multi-use as a territorial/SPATIAL governance instrum... more This paper examines the concept of maritime multi-use as a territorial/SPATIAL governance instrument for the enhancement of sustainable development in five EU sea basins. Multi-use (MU) is expected to enhance the productivity of blue economy sectors, as well as deliver additional socio-economic benefits related to the environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development. The paper provides a definition of maritime multi-use and identifies the multi-uses with the highest potential in EU sea basins. In each sea basin, multi-use plays a different role as concerns sustainable development. For the Eastern Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, the MU focus should remain on the environmental pillar of sustainable development. In the North Sea, North Atlantic and Western Baltic Sea, addressing social sustainability seems a key precondition for success of MU in enhancement of sustainable spatial development at sea. Moreover, it has been suggested to introduce MU key ...
Gil A., Calado H., Costa L.T., Bentz J., Fonseca C., Lobo A., Vergilio M. and Benedicto J., 2011.... more Gil A., Calado H., Costa L.T., Bentz J., Fonseca C., Lobo A., Vergilio M. and Benedicto J., 2011. A Methodological Proposal for the Development of Natura 2000 Sites Management Plans. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 64 (Proceedings of the 11th International Coastal Symposium), 1326 – 1330. Szczecin, Poland, ISSN 0749-0208 This paper makes recommendations for the development of Management Plans for Natura 2000 Sites, enabling future managers and decision-makers to elaborate and implement their own plans more efficiently and in a more informed fashion. The original methodology entailed a 10 phase plan, starting with “Problem Classification and Stakeholder Identification” and ending with Revision and/or Reformulation of the Management Plan”. It was utilized during the Pico da Vara Special Protected Area Management Plan elaboration process in 2005 by SPEA, on the behalf of the LIFE Priolo Project. Subsequent feedback led to an improved, more complete and balanced methodology capable of a...
Gil A., Yu Q., Lobo A., Lourenco P., Silva L. and Calado H., 2011. Assessing the effectiveness of... more Gil A., Yu Q., Lobo A., Lourenco P., Silva L. and Calado H., 2011. Assessing the effectiveness of high resolution satellite imagery for vegetation mapping in small islands protected areas. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 64 (Proceedings of the 11th International Coastal Symposium), 1663-1667. Szczecin, Poland, ISSN 0749-0208 S. Miguel Island's vascular plant flora (Archipelago of the Azores, Portugal) consists of approximately 1000 taxa and is largely dominated by non-indigenous taxa. However, existing indigenous vascular plant taxa are particularly important because they compose a very valuable ecosystem, the Azorean Laurel Forest. One of its most significant areas is the core of Pico da Vara/Ribeira do Guilherme Special Protected Area, in the former Natural Reserve of Pico da Vara, located in the mountain complex of Serra da Tronqueira. The rapid spread of some very aggressive invasive alien species, such as Pittosporum undulatum Vent. and Clethra arborea Aiton, are causing se...
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Papers by Helena Calado