利馬集團：修订间差异

利馬宣言代表利馬集團成立，並列出集團的主要目標和大綱，以處理委內瑞拉危機和調停各方<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rree.gob.pe/SitePages/declaracion_conjunta.aspx?id=DC-007-17|title=Declaration of Lima|accessdate=15 February 2018|publisher=[[Government of Peru]]|language=es|archive-esdate=2020-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022140037/http://www.rree.gob.pe/SitePages/declaracion_conjunta.aspx?id=DC-007-17|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

''來自阿根廷、巴西、加拿大、智利、哥倫比亞、哥斯達黎加、瓜地馬拉、洪都拉斯、墨西哥、巴拿馬、巴拉圭、秘魯的外交部長和代表，在2017年8月8日，於利馬，就委內瑞拉的嚴峻局勢發表了意見，並探討以對話及和平的途徑，協助該國恢復民主。''

# 譴責委內瑞拉民主秩序的崩潰 ''Their condemnation of the breakdown of democratic order in Venezuela.''

# 基於制憲大會的非法本質，利馬集團決定不承認制憲大會及其作為。 ''Their decision not to recognize the National Constituent Assembly, nor the acts emanating from it, due to its illegitimate nature.''

# 利馬集團完全支持民主選出的[[委内瑞拉全国代表大会|全國代表大會]]。 ''Their full support and solidarity with the [[委内瑞拉全国代表大会|National Assembly]], democratically elected.''

# ''根據憲法要求[[委内瑞拉全国代表大会|全國代表大會]]授權的法律行為，只有在該大會批准後才會被承認。 Legal acts that according to the Constitution require authorization from the National Assembly, will only be recognized when said Assembly has approved them.''

# ''堅決拒絕使用暴力或任何涉及使用武力的選項。 Their energetic rejection of violence and any option that involves the use of force.''

# ''支持並與委內瑞拉的總檢察長和公共部門成員團結一致，並要求履行[[美洲人權公約|國際美洲人權委員會]]發布的預防措施。 Their support and solidarity with the Attorney General and the members of the Public Ministry of Venezuela and demand the application of the precautionary measures issued by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.''

# ''譴責系統性侵犯人權和基本自由、暴力、鎮壓和政治迫害，譴責政治犯的存在以及缺乏獨立國際觀察下的自由選舉。 Their condemnation of the systematic violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms, of violence, repression and political persecution, the existence of political prisoners and the lack of free elections under independent international observation.''

# ''指出委內瑞拉未遵守[[聯合國人權理事會]]的要求或義務。 That Venezuela does not comply with the requirements or obligations of the members of the Human Rights Council of the United Nations.''

# ''對國家面臨的人道主義危機深表關切，並譴責政府不允許糧食和藥品進入，以支援委內瑞拉人民。 Their serious concern about the humanitarian crisis facing the country and his condemnation of the government for not allowing the entry of food and medicine in support of the Venezuelan people.''

# ''決定繼續對委內瑞拉應用[[美洲国家组织|美洲國家組織]]民主憲章。 Their decision to continue the application of the Inter-American Democratic Charter to Venezuela.''

# ''Their support for 支持[[南方共同市場|]]根據《乌斯怀亚议定书》的民主條款，暫停委內瑞拉的成員資格。 Their support for the decision of MERCOSUR to suspend Venezuela]] in application of the Ushuaia Protocol on Democratic Commitment.''

# ''決定不支持委內瑞拉在地區和國際機制及組織中的任何候選人。 Their decision not to support any Venezuelan candidacy in regional and international mechanisms and organizations.''

# ''呼籲根據《[[武器贸易条约|武器貿易條約]]》第6條和第7條，停止向委內瑞拉轉移武器。 Their call to stop the transfer of arms to Venezuela in light of articles 6 and 7 of the Arms Trade Treaty.''

# ''鑑於當前情況，將要求[[加勒比共同體|加勒比海共同體]]和歐盟，推遲原定於2017年10月舉行的歐盟與拉丁美洲暨加勒比海共同體峰會。 That, taking into account the current conditions, they will request the Pro Tempore Presidency of CELAC and the European Union, the postponement of the CELAC-EU Summit scheduled for October 2017.''

# ''承諾在外交部長級別密切關注委內瑞拉局勢，直至該國民主得到完全恢復，並承諾在聯合國大會下次會議前，至少召開一次會晤，屆時可能還會有其他國家參與。 Their commitment to keep track of the situation in Venezuela, at the level of Foreign Ministers, until the full restoration of democracy in that country, and to meet no later than the next session of the General Assembly of the United Nations, an opportunity in which may be added other countries.''

# ''願意在尊重委內瑞拉主權的前提下，緊急支持任何有可信議的談判和善意的努力，該努力得到各方的共識，旨在和平實現該國民主的恢復。 Their willingness to urgently support, within the framework of respect for Venezuelan sovereignty, any effort of credible negotiation and good faith, which has the consensus of the parties and is aimed at peacefully achieving the restoration of democracy in the country.''

利馬集團公開譴責該次選舉，批評選舉不受監督、不公正和不民主<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/regional-neighbors-call-on-venezuela-to-cancel-election/2018/05/14/2d9b754a-57c2-11e8-9889-07bcc1327f4b_story.html|title=Regional neighbors call on Venezuela to cancel election|date=2018-05-14|work=[[Washington Post]]|accessdate=2018-05-15|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=2018-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515030347/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/regional-neighbors-call-on-venezuela-to-cancel-election/2018/05/14/2d9b754a-57c2-11e8-9889-07bcc1327f4b_story.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。選舉舉行前數日，利馬集團、美國和歐盟共同要求取消選舉，若非的話將會有下一步行動<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-election/regional-lima-group-leaders-urge-venezuela-to-suspend-election-idUSKCN1IF2R1|title=Regional 'Lima Group' leaders urge Venezuela to suspend election|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=2018-05-15|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109025511/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-election/regional-lima-group-leaders-urge-venezuela-to-suspend-election-idUSKCN1IF2R1|dead-url=no}}</ref> 。選舉過後，總統[[尼古拉斯·马杜罗|马杜罗]]鞏固其地位和權力，集團的14個成員國決定召回駐委內瑞拉的大使，以示抗議<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/site/2018/05/21/los-14-paises-del-grupo-de-lima-llaman-a-consultas-sus-embajadores-en-caracas/|title=Los 14 países del Grupo de Lima llaman a consultas a sus embajadores en Caracas|accessdate=2018-05-21|language=es|archive-ESdate=2018-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527080257/https://www.lapatilla.com/site/2018/05/21/los-14-paises-del-grupo-de-lima-llaman-a-consultas-sus-embajadores-en-caracas/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/lima-group-recalls-venezuela-ambassadors-condemns-vote/a-43869375|title=Lima Group recalls Venezuela ambassadors, condemns vote|accessdate=21 May 2018|date=21 May 2018|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016112042/https://www.dw.com/en/lima-group-recalls-venezuela-ambassadors-condemns-vote/a-43869375|dead-url=no}}</ref>。翌年1月，利馬集團表示不承認馬杜羅新任政府的合法性。

利馬宣言由12個國家共同簽署，其後亦成為集團創始成員國。十二個國家分別為：[[阿根廷]]、[[巴西]]、[[加拿大]]、[[智利]]、[[哥倫比亞]]、[[哥斯達黎加]]、[[瓜危地馬拉]]、[[洪都拉斯]]、[[墨西哥]]、[[巴拿馬]]、[[巴拉圭]]和[[秘魯]]。其後[[圭蓋亞那]]和[[聖盧西亞]]亦加入集團<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/mundo/peru-convoca-grupo-lima-para-analizar-elecciones-venezuela_222480|title=Perú convoca al Grupo de Lima para analizar elecciones en Venezuela|date=8 February 2018|work=[[El Nacional (Caracas)|El Nacional]]|accessdate=15 February 2018|language=es|archive-date=2018-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212142335/http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/mundo/peru-convoca-grupo-lima-para-analizar-elecciones-venezuela_222480|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

利馬集團獲[[巴巴多斯]]、[[美國]]、[[厄瓜多爾]]、[[格林納達]]、[[牙買加]]和[[烏拉圭]]支持，四國均出席了集團的首場會議。另外[[美洲国家组织]]、[[歐盟]]和委內瑞拉反對派均對集團表示支持<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://caretas.pe/internacional/79951-cancilleres_firmaron_la_declaracion_de_lima|title=Cancilleres firmaron la Declaración de Lima - Caretas|date=3 August 2017|work=[[Caretas]]|accessdate=15 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106010333/https://caretas.pe/internacional/79951-cancilleres_firmaron_la_declaracion_de_lima|archive-date=2019-01-06|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。

利馬集團亦支持了巴拿馬針對委內瑞拉高官而實施的制裁，巴拿馬政府一直被指為委國進行[[洗錢|洗黑錢]]，支持恐怖組織和金援委國的[[大规模杀伤性武器]]。委國向巴拿馬實施報復性制裁後，利馬集團表示支持巴拿馬<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/site/2018/04/06/grupo-de-lima-respalda-a-panama-tras-sanciones-de-venezuela-en-su-contra/|title=Grupo de Lima respalda a Panamá tras sanciones de Venezuela en su contra|accessdate=2018-04-07|language=es|archive-ESdate=2018-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613111448/https://www.lapatilla.com/site/2018/04/06/grupo-de-lima-respalda-a-panama-tras-sanciones-de-venezuela-en-su-contra/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

[[Category:19832017年建立的組織]]