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健驮逻语:修订间差异

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'''健馱邏语'''( Gāndhārī)是[[健馱邏]]使用的一種[[普拉克利特语]](Prakrit)或[[中古印度-雅利安语]]。健馱邏文是以[[佉盧文]]或[[亞蘭字母]]从右往左书写的。
'''健馱邏语'''( Gāndhārī)是[[健馱邏]]使用的一種[[普拉克利特语]]或[[中古印度-雅利安语]]。健馱邏文是以[[佉盧文]]或[[亞蘭字母]]从右往左书写的。


==參考文獻==
==參考文獻==
{{refbegin|2}}
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Heirman|first1=Ann|last2=Bumbacher|first2=Stephan Peter|title=The Spread of Buddhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NuOvCQAAQBAJ|year=2007|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-474-2006-4}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Heirman|first1=Ann|last2=Bumbacher|first2=Stephan Peter|title=The Spread of Buddhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NuOvCQAAQBAJ|year=2007|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-474-2006-4|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=2019-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225174514/https://books.google.com/books?id=NuOvCQAAQBAJ|dead-url=no}}
* {{iranica|GĀNDHĀRĪ-LANGUAGE|Gāndhārī language}}
* {{iranica|GĀNDHĀRĪ-LANGUAGE|Gāndhārī language}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Lancaster|first1=Lewis R.|authorlink1=Lewis R. Lancaster|last2=Park|first2=Sung-bae|authorlink2=Sung-bae Park|title=The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fx1grPgzHEMC&pg=PA15|year=1979|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-03159-3}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Lancaster|first1=Lewis R.|authorlink1=Lewis R. Lancaster|last2=Park|first2=Sung-bae|authorlink2=Sung-bae Park|title=The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fx1grPgzHEMC&pg=PA15|year=1979|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-03159-3|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=2019-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230115649/https://books.google.com/books?id=fx1grPgzHEMC&pg=PA15|dead-url=no}}
* {{cite web|last1=Lancaster|first1=Lewis R.|title=The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue|url=http://www.acmuller.net/descriptive_catalogue/files/k0024.html|website=www.acmuller.net|accessdate=4 September 2017}}
* {{cite web|last1=Lancaster|first1=Lewis R.|title=The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue|url=http://www.acmuller.net/descriptive_catalogue/files/k0024.html|website=www.acmuller.net|accessdate=4 September 2017|archive-date=2020-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111184536/http://www.acmuller.net/descriptive_catalogue/files/k0024.html|dead-url=no}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Mukherjee|first=B. N.|authorlink=B. N. Mukherjee|title=India in Early Central Asia: A Survey of Indian Scripts, Languages, and Literatures in Central Asia of the First Millennium A.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HltjAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA15|year=1996|publisher=Harman Publishing House|isbn=978-81-85151-98-4}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Mukherjee|first=B. N.|authorlink=B. N. Mukherjee|title=India in Early Central Asia: A Survey of Indian Scripts, Languages, and Literatures in Central Asia of the First Millennium A.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HltjAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA15|year=1996|publisher=Harman Publishing House|isbn=978-81-85151-98-4|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=2020-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102205057/https://books.google.com/books?id=HltjAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA15|dead-url=no}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Nakamura|first=Hajime|authorlink=Hajime Nakamura|title=Indian Buddhism: A Survey with Bibliographical Notes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w0A7y4TCeVQC&pg=PA205|year=1987|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0272-8}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Nakamura|first=Hajime|authorlink=Hajime Nakamura|title=Indian Buddhism: A Survey with Bibliographical Notes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w0A7y4TCeVQC&pg=PA205|year=1987|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0272-8|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=2019-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229143001/https://books.google.com/books?id=w0A7y4TCeVQC&pg=PA205|dead-url=no}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Masica|first=Colin|authorlink=Colin Masica|title=The Indo-Aryan Languages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC|year=1993|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-29944-2}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Masica|first=Colin|authorlink=Colin Masica|title=The Indo-Aryan Languages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC|year=1993|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-29944-2|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=2020-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726100249/https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC|dead-url=no}}
* {{Citation| last = Salomon| first = Richard| author-link = | contribution = Gāndhārī language| editor-last = | editor-first = | title = Encyclopædia Iranica| volume = | pages = | publisher = Encyclopædia Iranica | publication-date = 2008 | contribution-url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gandhari-language|ref=harv}}
* {{Citation| last = Salomon| first = Richard| author-link = | contribution = Gāndhārī language| editor-last = | editor-first = | title = Encyclopædia Iranica| volume = | pages = | publisher = Encyclopædia Iranica| publication-date = 2008| contribution-url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gandhari-language| ref = harv| accessdate = 2020-02-26| archive-date = 2020-09-30| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200930085746/https://iranicaonline.org/articles/gandhari-language| dead-url = no}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Salomon|first1=Richard|last2=Allchin|first2=Raymond|authorlink2=Raymond Allchin|last3=Barnard|first3=Mark|title=Ancient Buddhist Scrolls from Gandhāra: The British Library Kharoṣṭhī Fragments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dm8aXSwL0OgC|year=1999|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=978-0-295-97769-0}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Salomon|first1=Richard|last2=Allchin|first2=Raymond|authorlink2=Raymond Allchin|last3=Barnard|first3=Mark|title=Ancient Buddhist Scrolls from Gandhāra: The British Library Kharoṣṭhī Fragments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dm8aXSwL0OgC|year=1999|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=978-0-295-97769-0|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=2020-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812194854/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dm8aXSwL0OgC|dead-url=no}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Salomon|first=Richard|editor=[[Patrick Olivelle]]|title=Between the Empires : Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=efaOR_-YsIcC|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press USA|isbn=978-0-19-977507-1}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Salomon|first=Richard|editor=[[Patrick Olivelle]]|title=Between the Empires : Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=efaOR_-YsIcC|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press USA|isbn=978-0-19-977507-1|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=2020-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927000257/https://books.google.com/books?id=efaOR_-YsIcC|dead-url=no}}
* Bailey, Harold W. ''Gāndhārī'' // [[BSOAS]] 11 (1943): 765-97.
* Brough, John. ''The Gāndhārī Dharmapada''. London Oriental Series 6. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.
* Glass, Andrew. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20080827174659/http://andrewglass.org/ma.php A Preliminary Study of Kharoṣṭhī Manuscript Paleography]''. M.A. thesis. Department of Asian Languages and Literature, University of Washington, 2000.
* Saloman, Richard. ''A Gāndhārī Version of the Rhinoceros Sūtra: British Library Kharoṣṭhī Fragment 5B''. Studies in Gandhāran Buddhist Texts 1. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2000.
* Saloman, Richard. ''Recent Discoveries of Early Buddhist Manuscripts'' // ''Between the Empires, Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE''. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-19-568935-8
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==延伸閲讀==
==延伸閲讀==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web|last1=Gippert|first1=Jost|title=TITUS Texts: Gandhari Dharmapada: Frame|url=http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/mind/gandhpkt/dhpgpkt/dhpgp.htm|website=titus.uni-frankfurt.de}}
* {{cite web|last1=Gippert|first1=Jost|title=TITUS Texts: Gandhari Dharmapada: Frame|url=http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/mind/gandhpkt/dhpgpkt/dhpgp.htm|website=titus.uni-frankfurt.de|accessdate=2009-09-07|archive-date=2009-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305104938/http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/mind/gandhpkt/dhpgpkt/dhpgp.htm|dead-url=no}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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==外部連結==
==外部連結==
{{div col|2}}
* [http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/mind/gandhpkt/dhpgpkt/dhpgp.htm 犍陀羅語《法句經》]
* [http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/mind/gandhpkt/dhpgpkt/dhpgp.htm 犍陀羅語《法句經》]{{Wayback|url=http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/mind/gandhpkt/dhpgpkt/dhpgp.htm |date=20090305104938 }}
* [http://gandhari.org/ Gandhari.org]
* [http://gandhari.org/ Gandhari.org]{{Wayback|url=http://gandhari.org/ |date=20131205201723 }}
** [http://gandhari.org/catalog Stefan Baums & Andrew Glass, ''Catalog of Gāndhārī Texts'']
** [http://gandhari.org/dictionary Stefan Baums & Andrew Glass, ''A Dictionary of Gāndhārī'']
** [http://gandhari.org/catalog Stefan Baums & Andrew Glass, ''Catalog of Gāndhārī Texts''] {{Wayback|url=http://gandhari.org/catalog |date=20220405033132 }}
** [http://gandhari.org/dictionary Stefan Baums & Andrew Glass, ''A Dictionary of Gāndhārī''] {{Wayback|url=http://gandhari.org/dictionary |date=20220405033128 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110510020253/http://www.ebmp.org/ Early Buddhist Manuscripts Project]. The University of Washington.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110510020253/http://www.ebmp.org/ Early Buddhist Manuscripts Project]. The University of Washington.
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20090228104414/http://www.ebmp.org/p_wrk.php Publications and Work in Progress]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20090228104414/http://www.ebmp.org/p_wrk.php Publications and Work in Progress]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080509053921/http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/subject/peoplesandlanguages.html Rahman, Dr. Tariq, ''Peoples and Languages in Pre-Islamic Indus Valley'',University of Texas at Austin.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080509053921/http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/subject/peoplesandlanguages.html Rahman, Dr. Tariq, ''Peoples and Languages in Pre-Islamic Indus Valley'',University of Texas at Austin.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081210160659/http://andrewglass.org/fonts.php Gandhari Unicode Font] на сайте [https://web.archive.org/web/20090403030742/http://www.andrewglass.org/ Эндрю Гласса]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081210160659/http://andrewglass.org/fonts.php Gandhari Unicode Font] ate website [https://web.archive.org/web/20090403030742/http://www.andrewglass.org/ Andrew Glass]
* [http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/mind/gandhpkt/dhpgpkt/dhpgp.htm The Gāndhārī Dharmapada ]
* [http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/mind/gandhpkt/dhpgpkt/dhpgp.htm The Gāndhārī Dharmapada ]{{Wayback|url=http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/mind/gandhpkt/dhpgpkt/dhpgp.htm |date=20090305104938 }}
*[https://badw.de/die-akademie.html Die Akademie: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften]{{Wayback|url=https://badw.de/die-akademie.html |date=20141014065532 }} {{de icon}}
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{{Old and Middle Indo-Aryan}}
{{Old and Middle Indo-Aryan}}

2022年5月30日 (一) 08:42的最新版本

健駄邏語
区域健馱邏國
年代ca. 1st century CE
語系
文字佉卢文
語言代碼
ISO 639-3pgd
Glottolog

健馱邏语( Gāndhārī)是健馱邏使用的一種普拉克利特语、或中古印度-雅利安语。健馱邏文是以佉盧文亞蘭字母从右往左书写的。

參考文獻

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延伸閲讀

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參見

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外部連結

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