Thermal Spray 2005: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference
The aim of the research was to compare the size, shape and distribution of the NiCrBSi and Fe2O3 ... more The aim of the research was to compare the size, shape and distribution of the NiCrBSi and Fe2O3 powder particles. Of interest were the chemical and phase compositions of both the powders and structures obtained by plasma- or HVOF-spraying them. The experiments have shown that although the powders differ in structure and particle size, it is possible to use them to obtain composite coatings containing both ingredients. A phase analysis was conducted to study the different phase composition for both spray methods.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 2020
Purpose: of this article is to present the results of tests carried out on the impact of repeated... more Purpose: of this article is to present the results of tests carried out on the impact of repeated heating on the corrosion resistance of a Co-Cr-W prosthetic alloy. Design/methodology/approach: The study used samples prepared in a manner analogous to the production of a dental prosthesis. The effect of three and six-time heating of the material on its properties such as corrosion resistance, microstructure and material hardness were carried out. Findings: Repeated heating of the chromium-cobalt alloy has no significant effect on the polarization resistance and the potentiodynamic characteristics of the material. The introduction of heating in alloy treatment results in an increase in the hardness of the material, however, the number of annealing cycles does not affect this feature significantly. Samples subjected to different amounts of thermal treatments have different microstructure; it should be assumed that this will change the mechanical properties. Research limitations/implica...
This work presents the results of analysis of residual stresses generated at various stages of pr... more This work presents the results of analysis of residual stresses generated at various stages of production of Al2O3 sinters (sintering, mechanical processing). Residual stresses were determined by the g-sin 2 X-ray method. The process of ceramic sintering of Al2O3 was carried out at varying parameters: temperature and heating time, heating rate, cooling rate. After mechanical processing (grinding), the materials were subjected to heat treatment, consisting of heating to temperatures in the range of 600–1200°C. In order to determine the mechanical properties of the materials, HV30, HV0.3 and HV0.1 hardness measurements were made. KIc and HVG stress intensity index values were also determined.
Experithental results are reported on the application of acoustic emission (AE) and combined acou... more Experithental results are reported on the application of acoustic emission (AE) and combined acoustic emission and potential drop (PD) in crack advance measurement. Acoustic emission by itself is not a quantitastive technique for measuring crack advance. Compared with the application of only PD, using both simultaneously turns out to be quite beneficial. Used to measure delayed hydride cracking velocity in Zr-2.5% Nb, combined AE and PD, together with other techniques such as fractography, produces more reliable results with higher accuracy for isothermal conditions and particularly during temperature transients. Information about the correlation between AE and PD signals has been also obtained, which improves our understanding of the processes being studied.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems 2017; 13(3): 133–145, 2017
This article is a review of important material requirements for hip biomaterials including their ... more This article is a review of important material requirements for hip biomaterials including their response to the body environment (biocompatibility), mechanical properties, wear resistance, fretting corrosion and availability as well as the price. The application of proper biomaterials for hip implants is one of the major focal points in this article. Background information is also provided on metals used in other prosthetic devices and implant components. Titanium and its alloys, cobalt base alloys and stainless steels (bio-steels) are used for load-bearing hip implants. These three groups of metallic materials will be introduced and discussed in detail. Metals and their alloys are crystalline materials since their properties depend on the crystal lattice, chemical and phase compositions, grain size, lattice defects, crystalline texture and residual microand macro-stresses. All these features of biomaterials are formed during technological manufacturing, such as metallurgical process, solidification, plastic deformation (rolling and forging), machining, heat treatment and coating. All these technological processes work in optimal conditions in order to achieve the optimal microstructure and mechanical, chemical and biological properties. Amongst the above-mentioned particular properties of biomaterials, fretting is a major concern as regards hip implants at the femoral head and neck taper interface. Additional important mechanisms of interaction between the implant and the human body must be taken into account, i.e. diffusion stream of foreign particles and atoms from the implant to body fluids, to the tissue and to the bone. These foreign particles and atoms are released from the implant to the body fluid, to the tissue and to the bone as wear product during use. All together they contribute to the wear, i.e. loss of weight, strength or volume of hip components. Wear rates of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene mated against Ti-6Al-4V are significantly greater than the ones for Co-Cr-Mo alloys. Therefore, thermochemical surface treatments like diffusion ion nitriding should be applied to increase the resistance of titanium alloys to wear. Austenitic stainless steels are also used for temporary applications, but they have lower resistance to pitting corrosion than titanium and cobalt alloys. The purpose of the paper is to introduce a group of metallic materials, which is often chosen for surgical hip implants. Conclusions of the paper refer to information which support important medical and patient decisions on hip implants. Also, the development of biomaterials, their treatments, properties, surface layers and coatings are considered. All these features develop over time and need synergy and experience in the progress of the biomedical, mechanical and materials science.
This paper presents how various additions of Al2O3 nanoparticles in the electrolytic bath modifie... more This paper presents how various additions of Al2O3 nanoparticles in the electrolytic bath modified the Ni/Al2O3 nanocomposite coating microstructure. The residual stresses, lattice defects, and crystallographic texture of the obtained deposits were studied. The investigations showed that the tensile residual stresses corresponded to the ceramic nanoparticles content in the deposited coating. The high level of measured stresses in the Ni/Al 2O3 coatings indicated the presence of strengthening mechanisms caused by the Al 2O3 nanoparticles. The density of crystal lattice defects and grain refinement contributed to the strengthening of the Ni matrix. The main texture components and lattice parameters were more sensitive to deposit thickness changes than to the amount of alumina nanoparticles embedded in the coatings. The Ni/Al 2O3 with the smallest thickness showed the highest lattice parameters of the Ni matrix.
Purpose: The goal of this work is to compare the macro-stresses as well as mechanical and functio... more Purpose: The goal of this work is to compare the macro-stresses as well as mechanical and functional properties of the PVD and CVD coatings deposited on oxide and nitride ceramics tool. Design/methodology/approach: In the paper the residual macro-stresses of PVD and CVD coatings deposited on tool ceramics substrates, measured with the application of the grazing angle X-ray diffraction geometry are
ABSTRACT Influence of the electrodepositing parameters e.g. applied electric current as variable ... more ABSTRACT Influence of the electrodepositing parameters e.g. applied electric current as variable on texture formation and on mechanical properties of copper thin films was studied. Experiment was done for copper deposition from sulphate bath under galvanostatic and pulse current. It was found that copper layers exhibits different texture depending on applied current conditions during electrodepositing process. Pulse and direct current conditions leads to different texture of electrodeposited copper. Texture of electrodeposited copper coatings and mechanical properties could be correlated. It was found that, texture indexes although are not complex information about texture could be used for analysis of such correlation in technological process.
ABSTRACT Transparent conductive CdIn2O4 thin films were prepared by dc reactive sputtering from a... more ABSTRACT Transparent conductive CdIn2O4 thin films were prepared by dc reactive sputtering from a CdIn alloy target in an ArO2 atmosphere. The highest conductivity found for cadmium indate films was , () with a carrier concentration and a mobility under optimized technological conditions. The average optical transmission in the visible region of the light spectrum was 90% for 1 μm thick films. All the films prepared contained the cubic spinel phase of CdIn2O4 while a secondary phase of In2O3 was also present. A carrier scattering mechanism was proposed. The optical band gaps for direct allowed and direct forbidden transitions were derived from the absorption data. The effect of post-deposition heat-treatment in a reducing atmosphere was also investigated.
Thermal Spray 2005: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference
The aim of the research was to compare the size, shape and distribution of the NiCrBSi and Fe2O3 ... more The aim of the research was to compare the size, shape and distribution of the NiCrBSi and Fe2O3 powder particles. Of interest were the chemical and phase compositions of both the powders and structures obtained by plasma- or HVOF-spraying them. The experiments have shown that although the powders differ in structure and particle size, it is possible to use them to obtain composite coatings containing both ingredients. A phase analysis was conducted to study the different phase composition for both spray methods.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 2020
Purpose: of this article is to present the results of tests carried out on the impact of repeated... more Purpose: of this article is to present the results of tests carried out on the impact of repeated heating on the corrosion resistance of a Co-Cr-W prosthetic alloy. Design/methodology/approach: The study used samples prepared in a manner analogous to the production of a dental prosthesis. The effect of three and six-time heating of the material on its properties such as corrosion resistance, microstructure and material hardness were carried out. Findings: Repeated heating of the chromium-cobalt alloy has no significant effect on the polarization resistance and the potentiodynamic characteristics of the material. The introduction of heating in alloy treatment results in an increase in the hardness of the material, however, the number of annealing cycles does not affect this feature significantly. Samples subjected to different amounts of thermal treatments have different microstructure; it should be assumed that this will change the mechanical properties. Research limitations/implica...
This work presents the results of analysis of residual stresses generated at various stages of pr... more This work presents the results of analysis of residual stresses generated at various stages of production of Al2O3 sinters (sintering, mechanical processing). Residual stresses were determined by the g-sin 2 X-ray method. The process of ceramic sintering of Al2O3 was carried out at varying parameters: temperature and heating time, heating rate, cooling rate. After mechanical processing (grinding), the materials were subjected to heat treatment, consisting of heating to temperatures in the range of 600–1200°C. In order to determine the mechanical properties of the materials, HV30, HV0.3 and HV0.1 hardness measurements were made. KIc and HVG stress intensity index values were also determined.
Experithental results are reported on the application of acoustic emission (AE) and combined acou... more Experithental results are reported on the application of acoustic emission (AE) and combined acoustic emission and potential drop (PD) in crack advance measurement. Acoustic emission by itself is not a quantitastive technique for measuring crack advance. Compared with the application of only PD, using both simultaneously turns out to be quite beneficial. Used to measure delayed hydride cracking velocity in Zr-2.5% Nb, combined AE and PD, together with other techniques such as fractography, produces more reliable results with higher accuracy for isothermal conditions and particularly during temperature transients. Information about the correlation between AE and PD signals has been also obtained, which improves our understanding of the processes being studied.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems 2017; 13(3): 133–145, 2017
This article is a review of important material requirements for hip biomaterials including their ... more This article is a review of important material requirements for hip biomaterials including their response to the body environment (biocompatibility), mechanical properties, wear resistance, fretting corrosion and availability as well as the price. The application of proper biomaterials for hip implants is one of the major focal points in this article. Background information is also provided on metals used in other prosthetic devices and implant components. Titanium and its alloys, cobalt base alloys and stainless steels (bio-steels) are used for load-bearing hip implants. These three groups of metallic materials will be introduced and discussed in detail. Metals and their alloys are crystalline materials since their properties depend on the crystal lattice, chemical and phase compositions, grain size, lattice defects, crystalline texture and residual microand macro-stresses. All these features of biomaterials are formed during technological manufacturing, such as metallurgical process, solidification, plastic deformation (rolling and forging), machining, heat treatment and coating. All these technological processes work in optimal conditions in order to achieve the optimal microstructure and mechanical, chemical and biological properties. Amongst the above-mentioned particular properties of biomaterials, fretting is a major concern as regards hip implants at the femoral head and neck taper interface. Additional important mechanisms of interaction between the implant and the human body must be taken into account, i.e. diffusion stream of foreign particles and atoms from the implant to body fluids, to the tissue and to the bone. These foreign particles and atoms are released from the implant to the body fluid, to the tissue and to the bone as wear product during use. All together they contribute to the wear, i.e. loss of weight, strength or volume of hip components. Wear rates of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene mated against Ti-6Al-4V are significantly greater than the ones for Co-Cr-Mo alloys. Therefore, thermochemical surface treatments like diffusion ion nitriding should be applied to increase the resistance of titanium alloys to wear. Austenitic stainless steels are also used for temporary applications, but they have lower resistance to pitting corrosion than titanium and cobalt alloys. The purpose of the paper is to introduce a group of metallic materials, which is often chosen for surgical hip implants. Conclusions of the paper refer to information which support important medical and patient decisions on hip implants. Also, the development of biomaterials, their treatments, properties, surface layers and coatings are considered. All these features develop over time and need synergy and experience in the progress of the biomedical, mechanical and materials science.
This paper presents how various additions of Al2O3 nanoparticles in the electrolytic bath modifie... more This paper presents how various additions of Al2O3 nanoparticles in the electrolytic bath modified the Ni/Al2O3 nanocomposite coating microstructure. The residual stresses, lattice defects, and crystallographic texture of the obtained deposits were studied. The investigations showed that the tensile residual stresses corresponded to the ceramic nanoparticles content in the deposited coating. The high level of measured stresses in the Ni/Al 2O3 coatings indicated the presence of strengthening mechanisms caused by the Al 2O3 nanoparticles. The density of crystal lattice defects and grain refinement contributed to the strengthening of the Ni matrix. The main texture components and lattice parameters were more sensitive to deposit thickness changes than to the amount of alumina nanoparticles embedded in the coatings. The Ni/Al 2O3 with the smallest thickness showed the highest lattice parameters of the Ni matrix.
Purpose: The goal of this work is to compare the macro-stresses as well as mechanical and functio... more Purpose: The goal of this work is to compare the macro-stresses as well as mechanical and functional properties of the PVD and CVD coatings deposited on oxide and nitride ceramics tool. Design/methodology/approach: In the paper the residual macro-stresses of PVD and CVD coatings deposited on tool ceramics substrates, measured with the application of the grazing angle X-ray diffraction geometry are
ABSTRACT Influence of the electrodepositing parameters e.g. applied electric current as variable ... more ABSTRACT Influence of the electrodepositing parameters e.g. applied electric current as variable on texture formation and on mechanical properties of copper thin films was studied. Experiment was done for copper deposition from sulphate bath under galvanostatic and pulse current. It was found that copper layers exhibits different texture depending on applied current conditions during electrodepositing process. Pulse and direct current conditions leads to different texture of electrodeposited copper. Texture of electrodeposited copper coatings and mechanical properties could be correlated. It was found that, texture indexes although are not complex information about texture could be used for analysis of such correlation in technological process.
ABSTRACT Transparent conductive CdIn2O4 thin films were prepared by dc reactive sputtering from a... more ABSTRACT Transparent conductive CdIn2O4 thin films were prepared by dc reactive sputtering from a CdIn alloy target in an ArO2 atmosphere. The highest conductivity found for cadmium indate films was , () with a carrier concentration and a mobility under optimized technological conditions. The average optical transmission in the visible region of the light spectrum was 90% for 1 μm thick films. All the films prepared contained the cubic spinel phase of CdIn2O4 while a secondary phase of In2O3 was also present. A carrier scattering mechanism was proposed. The optical band gaps for direct allowed and direct forbidden transitions were derived from the absorption data. The effect of post-deposition heat-treatment in a reducing atmosphere was also investigated.
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Papers by S. Skrzypek