Papers by Mirjana Vojvoda
Archaeologia Bulgarica, 2024
In 2008, a hoard of bronze coins (19 pieces) was discovered during archaeological excavations of ... more In 2008, a hoard of bronze coins (19 pieces) was discovered during archaeological excavations of the Viminacium amphitheatre. It consists of 11 pieces of Julian and 8 pieces of Jovian, dated into the period from the year 361 to February 364. It was discovered in the Late Roman layer that filled the amphitheatre. Along with other archaeological finds, this hoard also indicates that during the middle of the 4 th century, the amphitheatre was no longer in use for performing spectacles.
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LIMES XXIIII. Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies, 2nd– 9th September 2018, Viminacium – Belgrade, 2023
The lack of bronze coins of the senate issues in circulation in the Danubian and Balkan provinces... more The lack of bronze coins of the senate issues in circulation in the Danubian and Balkan provinces at the start of
the 3rd century was especially pronounced and was probably the main reason for opening the provincial mint in
Viminacium in 239 and subsequently in Dacia in 246. Opening this two mints represented the official way for
temporarily solving the problem in the functioning of the Empire's monetary system. However, it seems that the
two newly founded mints had different roles. As shown by comparative analyses of monetary finds of these two
mints, issues of Viminacium were intended for broader circulation, while issues of the province of Dacia seem
to have been minted solely for the needs of the domicile province
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Numizmatičar, 2023
The Glibovac hoard was discovered in the eponymous village in the Bubanja area near Smederevska P... more The Glibovac hoard was discovered in the eponymous village in the Bubanja area near Smederevska Palanka. In 1919, 375 pieces were purchased for the National Museum of Serbia. After the conservation treatment and review, it was established that the hoard contained 339 denarii and antoniniani, spanning the period from Septimius Severus (195 AD) to Trebonianus Gallus and Volusian (252/253).
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Numizmatičar, 2017
A total of 7,026 coins were discovered during the archaeological excavations
of the Viminacium ne... more A total of 7,026 coins were discovered during the archaeological excavations
of the Viminacium necropolises, Više Grobalja and Pećine. Of the total
number of specimens that were available for processing (6,233) 1,100 belonged
to provincial coinage. From the Stobi mint came 72 bronze coins, which include
coins struck in the names of Titus and Domitian - joint issue striking under Vespasian
(1), Trajan (1), Septimius Severus (13), Julia Domna (18), Caracalla (37) and
Geta (2).
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Numizmatičar, 2021
The scattered hoard of coins from an unknown site in the territory of Serbia consists of 17 anton... more The scattered hoard of coins from an unknown site in the territory of Serbia consists of 17 antoniniani spanning the period from Philip I to Volusianus. The preserved number of specimens and the composition of the hoard do not enable us to determine the date when it was deposited. The unknown discovery location presents an additional difficulty, because there is no possibility to connect it with other well documented hoards from this territory. For these reasons, the scattered hoard, marked as Unknown Site 2, cannot be viewed as a reliable historical source, except for the fact that it testified about the existence of one more monetary find and contributed to information about the coins in circulation in the middle of the 3 rd century.
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Fundmümzen & Co. 30 Years of Ancient Coin Finds (VI c. BCE – VIII c. CE), 2023
The coins of Bithynia's provincial mint of Nicaea have been found in great numbers on the territo... more The coins of Bithynia's provincial mint of Nicaea have been found in great numbers on the territory of the Danubian provinces, especially on Moesia Superior, from the 3 rd and the 4 th decade of the 3 rd century. Researching these finds from the territory of present-day Serbia, a large part of which corresponds with the Roman province of Moesia Superior, greatly contributes to gaining knowledge about the methods of monetary circulation between the Asia Minor and Balkan provinces. On the other hand, classification of the reverse types with military insignia, which are a dominant motif in issues of Severus Alexander and Gordian III from Nicaea's mint, will help with the formation of a new iconography typology. This typology is based on the reverse motifs known so far (89) and considering the appearance dynamics of new details, we expect many more varieties to emerge.
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Numizmatičar, 2022
The Klisurica hoard was discovered in 1986 in the village of the same name, situated
on the Greba... more The Klisurica hoard was discovered in 1986 in the village of the same name, situated
on the Grebac mountain pass, on the southern slope of Mali Jastrebac, near Prokuplje.
It consists of 1655 denarii and antoniniani, spanning the period from Vespasian to Trajan
Decius. Numerous archaeological sites from the Roman period have been registered
on the southern side of the Jastrebac massif and in the Toplica region, while the remains
of a villa rustica to the south of the Klisurica village are the most important regarding our
find. One of the most important central Balkan routes, the Lissus – Naissus – Ratiaria,
which connected the Adriatic and the Black seas, used to pass this way. Considering the
position of the site and conditions in the surrounding area, the owners of the villa and its
inhabitants were undoubtedly farmers and cattle breeders, and were most probably the
owners of the coin hoard.
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VIVERE IN VRBE VIMINACIVM, Vol. 1, 2022
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Archaeologia Bulgarica, 2022
There are three known hoards from the territory of present-day Serbia which end with coins of Max... more There are three known hoards from the territory of present-day Serbia which end with coins of Maximinus I: the Supska II, Ravna and Mehovine hoards. Taking into account the Roman division of the provinces, the hoards from Ravna and Supska (II) originated from the territory of Upper Moesia, while the Mehovine hoard represents a find from this period, deposited in Lower Pannonia. Since the latest pieces in all three hoards are dated broadly from January/autumn AD 236 to the first quarter of AD 238, the reasons for burying the finds may be different: the terror spread by Maximinus' agents when collecting taxes; the violence of the troops and of the local administration; or a reaction to the news of the rebellions in Africa and in Rome.
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Arheologija i prirodne nauke, 2016
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Coin Hoards in Southeastern Europe, 2021
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Numizmatičar, 2020
The hoard of Roman coins and jewellery from Dvorska near Krupanj
contains 106 denarii, 366 antoni... more The hoard of Roman coins and jewellery from Dvorska near Krupanj
contains 106 denarii, 366 antoniniani, eight pieces of silver jewellery and one silver chain with heart-shaped pendants. It was discovered in 1950 at the earliest, under unknown circumstances, and was purchased for the National Museum in several instances so we cannot exclude the possibility of the find being a partly scattered one. The monetary part of the find covers the period from Septimius Severus (195 AD) to the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus (254 AD). It belongs to a wellknown horizon of hoards, which were registered in north-eastern Dalmatia, both the Pannonias and in Upper Moesia.
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Arheološki vestnik, 2020
During more recent rescue archaeological investigations of the southern necropolises of Viminaciu... more During more recent rescue archaeological investigations of the southern necropolises of Viminacium, in 2016, at the necropolis of Pećine, a hoard of seven solidi was discovered in one of the investigated monumental tombs (G 5868). The hoard contains coins of Honorius and Theodosius II, ranging from 403/408–430/440. Within the memoria, which was unfortunately robbed as far back as Antiquity, besides the hoard, an additional 23 coins, ranging from Alexander Severus (222–235) to the beginning of the 5th century, were also discovered. Rescue investigations in the area of the southern necropolises have been conducted, with interruptions, since the late 1970s and, over the course of four decades, this is merely the second discovery of gold coins, not only at the southern necropolis, but also at other investigated ones.
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by Arkadiusz Dymowski, Audrone Bliujiene, Helle Horsnaes, Fraser Hunter, Kyrylo Myzgin, Lennart Lind, Lucian Munteanu, Jan Pelsdonk, Wital Sidarowicz, Istvan Vida, Mirjana Vojvoda, and David Wigg-Wolf C. Găzdac (ed.) Group and Individual Tragedies in Roman Europe. The Evidence of Hoards, Epigraphic and Literary Sources (Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology: monographic series, 1), 2020
The publication presents a complete and up-to-date list of Imperial denarius hoards from the Euro... more The publication presents a complete and up-to-date list of Imperial denarius hoards from the European Barbaricum with a very basic comment. It is not intended to be a detailed catalogue of hoards, but only a starting point for more detailed searches and studies.
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JOURNAL OF ANCIENT HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY MONOGRAPHIC SERIES 1 GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL IN ROMAN EUROPE TRAGEDIES The evidence of hoards, epigraphic and literary sources, 2020
The territory of present-day Serbia comprises the area of the former Roman provinces of Moesia Su... more The territory of present-day Serbia comprises the area of the former Roman provinces of Moesia Superior, Pannonia Inferior, Dalmatia and Barbaricum (the region between Pannonia Inferior and Dacia). The turbulent events of the 3rd century, which were frequent in the Balkans, left behind numerous coin hoards as significant historical sources. Thus far, 94 coin hoards have been found, ranging from Septimius Severus and Caracalla to Diocletian.
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Numizmatičar 37, 2019
During explorations of the eastern necropoles of Viminacium, on the archaeological site of Pirivo... more During explorations of the eastern necropoles of Viminacium, on the archaeological site of Pirivoj, a grave was discovered in 2003 that contained five monetary
finds. One of them is a rare specimen of Hanibalian, minted in 336-337 AD in the Constantinople mint.
Besides the follis of Hanibalian (Cat. No. 1), the following monetary finds were present in the grave: a follis of Constantine I, minted between 330 and 335 AD
(Cat. No. 2); a follis of Constantius II Caesar, minted between 330 and 335 AD (Cat. No. 3); two specimens of fractions of the follis of Constantius II as Augustus,
minted between 337 and 340 AD (Cat. No. 4-5). All the monetary finds from this grave were issued between 330 and 340 AD, which leads one to the conclusion that
the deceased was buried after 340 AD.
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Numizmatičar, 2019
The Mezul I hoard was discovered in 1966 in the area of Bobovik, a site
on Mezul, in the vicinity... more The Mezul I hoard was discovered in 1966 in the area of Bobovik, a site
on Mezul, in the vicinity of Smederevo. It consists of 272 denarii and antoniniani, spanning the period from Caracalla to Trajan Decius. Another hoard of Roman coins was discovered in the immediate vicinity in that same year, on the same site in the Mazgaj area (Mezul II; Trajan – Philip I). The character of architectural remains at Mezul cannot be clarified without the appropriate archaeological explorations, so the question remains open about whether they were just from a villa rustica or a civilian settlement. Both hoards were found in immediate proximity to the vicinal road (Vinceia i.e. Smederevo – present-day Smederevska Palanka and further on to the south), not far from the main via publica. The listing of numerous, so far unpublished finds from the Roman period, can confirm this route of the vicinal road, which was already proposed earlier. At the same time, they indicate that two
other vicinal roads (viae vicinales) led from Smederevska Palanka, towards Kosmaj and Rudnik, strategically important mining zones in the interior of the province of Moesia Superior.
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Journal of ancient history and archaeology, 2019
In the course of reviewing archaeological investigations of the Viminacium thermae from 2003 to 2... more In the course of reviewing archaeological investigations of the Viminacium thermae from 2003 to 2007, 160 monetary finds were discovered, ranging from the Roman Republic (138 BC) to Theodosius II (408-450 AD). With the exception of one specimen that belongs to Roman Republican coinage, imperial issues are the most prevalent ones (149), while provincial coinage comprises a smaller portion of the finds (11).
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Institute of Archaeology and Archaeological park Viminacium
are pleased to announce the call... more Institute of Archaeology and Archaeological park Viminacium
are pleased to announce the call for papers and posters for the 9th Joint Meeting of ECFN and nomisma.org, which will be held at Viminacium (Serbia) from April 21st to 25th 2020 (arrival day April 21st).
We kindly ask you to send your proposals and abstracts (up to 300 words) before 30th November 2019 to the following e-mail adress:
ecfnandnomisma.org2020@gmail.com
or
mirjana.vojvoda@gmail.com
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This publication collected part of papers from presentations of participants of the International... more This publication collected part of papers from presentations of participants of the International
Numismatic Symposium Circulation of the Antique Coins in Southeastern Europe (Viminacium 2017).
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Papers by Mirjana Vojvoda
the 3rd century was especially pronounced and was probably the main reason for opening the provincial mint in
Viminacium in 239 and subsequently in Dacia in 246. Opening this two mints represented the official way for
temporarily solving the problem in the functioning of the Empire's monetary system. However, it seems that the
two newly founded mints had different roles. As shown by comparative analyses of monetary finds of these two
mints, issues of Viminacium were intended for broader circulation, while issues of the province of Dacia seem
to have been minted solely for the needs of the domicile province
of the Viminacium necropolises, Više Grobalja and Pećine. Of the total
number of specimens that were available for processing (6,233) 1,100 belonged
to provincial coinage. From the Stobi mint came 72 bronze coins, which include
coins struck in the names of Titus and Domitian - joint issue striking under Vespasian
(1), Trajan (1), Septimius Severus (13), Julia Domna (18), Caracalla (37) and
Geta (2).
on the Grebac mountain pass, on the southern slope of Mali Jastrebac, near Prokuplje.
It consists of 1655 denarii and antoniniani, spanning the period from Vespasian to Trajan
Decius. Numerous archaeological sites from the Roman period have been registered
on the southern side of the Jastrebac massif and in the Toplica region, while the remains
of a villa rustica to the south of the Klisurica village are the most important regarding our
find. One of the most important central Balkan routes, the Lissus – Naissus – Ratiaria,
which connected the Adriatic and the Black seas, used to pass this way. Considering the
position of the site and conditions in the surrounding area, the owners of the villa and its
inhabitants were undoubtedly farmers and cattle breeders, and were most probably the
owners of the coin hoard.
contains 106 denarii, 366 antoniniani, eight pieces of silver jewellery and one silver chain with heart-shaped pendants. It was discovered in 1950 at the earliest, under unknown circumstances, and was purchased for the National Museum in several instances so we cannot exclude the possibility of the find being a partly scattered one. The monetary part of the find covers the period from Septimius Severus (195 AD) to the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus (254 AD). It belongs to a wellknown horizon of hoards, which were registered in north-eastern Dalmatia, both the Pannonias and in Upper Moesia.
finds. One of them is a rare specimen of Hanibalian, minted in 336-337 AD in the Constantinople mint.
Besides the follis of Hanibalian (Cat. No. 1), the following monetary finds were present in the grave: a follis of Constantine I, minted between 330 and 335 AD
(Cat. No. 2); a follis of Constantius II Caesar, minted between 330 and 335 AD (Cat. No. 3); two specimens of fractions of the follis of Constantius II as Augustus,
minted between 337 and 340 AD (Cat. No. 4-5). All the monetary finds from this grave were issued between 330 and 340 AD, which leads one to the conclusion that
the deceased was buried after 340 AD.
on Mezul, in the vicinity of Smederevo. It consists of 272 denarii and antoniniani, spanning the period from Caracalla to Trajan Decius. Another hoard of Roman coins was discovered in the immediate vicinity in that same year, on the same site in the Mazgaj area (Mezul II; Trajan – Philip I). The character of architectural remains at Mezul cannot be clarified without the appropriate archaeological explorations, so the question remains open about whether they were just from a villa rustica or a civilian settlement. Both hoards were found in immediate proximity to the vicinal road (Vinceia i.e. Smederevo – present-day Smederevska Palanka and further on to the south), not far from the main via publica. The listing of numerous, so far unpublished finds from the Roman period, can confirm this route of the vicinal road, which was already proposed earlier. At the same time, they indicate that two
other vicinal roads (viae vicinales) led from Smederevska Palanka, towards Kosmaj and Rudnik, strategically important mining zones in the interior of the province of Moesia Superior.
are pleased to announce the call for papers and posters for the 9th Joint Meeting of ECFN and nomisma.org, which will be held at Viminacium (Serbia) from April 21st to 25th 2020 (arrival day April 21st).
We kindly ask you to send your proposals and abstracts (up to 300 words) before 30th November 2019 to the following e-mail adress:
ecfnandnomisma.org2020@gmail.com
or
mirjana.vojvoda@gmail.com
Numismatic Symposium Circulation of the Antique Coins in Southeastern Europe (Viminacium 2017).
the 3rd century was especially pronounced and was probably the main reason for opening the provincial mint in
Viminacium in 239 and subsequently in Dacia in 246. Opening this two mints represented the official way for
temporarily solving the problem in the functioning of the Empire's monetary system. However, it seems that the
two newly founded mints had different roles. As shown by comparative analyses of monetary finds of these two
mints, issues of Viminacium were intended for broader circulation, while issues of the province of Dacia seem
to have been minted solely for the needs of the domicile province
of the Viminacium necropolises, Više Grobalja and Pećine. Of the total
number of specimens that were available for processing (6,233) 1,100 belonged
to provincial coinage. From the Stobi mint came 72 bronze coins, which include
coins struck in the names of Titus and Domitian - joint issue striking under Vespasian
(1), Trajan (1), Septimius Severus (13), Julia Domna (18), Caracalla (37) and
Geta (2).
on the Grebac mountain pass, on the southern slope of Mali Jastrebac, near Prokuplje.
It consists of 1655 denarii and antoniniani, spanning the period from Vespasian to Trajan
Decius. Numerous archaeological sites from the Roman period have been registered
on the southern side of the Jastrebac massif and in the Toplica region, while the remains
of a villa rustica to the south of the Klisurica village are the most important regarding our
find. One of the most important central Balkan routes, the Lissus – Naissus – Ratiaria,
which connected the Adriatic and the Black seas, used to pass this way. Considering the
position of the site and conditions in the surrounding area, the owners of the villa and its
inhabitants were undoubtedly farmers and cattle breeders, and were most probably the
owners of the coin hoard.
contains 106 denarii, 366 antoniniani, eight pieces of silver jewellery and one silver chain with heart-shaped pendants. It was discovered in 1950 at the earliest, under unknown circumstances, and was purchased for the National Museum in several instances so we cannot exclude the possibility of the find being a partly scattered one. The monetary part of the find covers the period from Septimius Severus (195 AD) to the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus (254 AD). It belongs to a wellknown horizon of hoards, which were registered in north-eastern Dalmatia, both the Pannonias and in Upper Moesia.
finds. One of them is a rare specimen of Hanibalian, minted in 336-337 AD in the Constantinople mint.
Besides the follis of Hanibalian (Cat. No. 1), the following monetary finds were present in the grave: a follis of Constantine I, minted between 330 and 335 AD
(Cat. No. 2); a follis of Constantius II Caesar, minted between 330 and 335 AD (Cat. No. 3); two specimens of fractions of the follis of Constantius II as Augustus,
minted between 337 and 340 AD (Cat. No. 4-5). All the monetary finds from this grave were issued between 330 and 340 AD, which leads one to the conclusion that
the deceased was buried after 340 AD.
on Mezul, in the vicinity of Smederevo. It consists of 272 denarii and antoniniani, spanning the period from Caracalla to Trajan Decius. Another hoard of Roman coins was discovered in the immediate vicinity in that same year, on the same site in the Mazgaj area (Mezul II; Trajan – Philip I). The character of architectural remains at Mezul cannot be clarified without the appropriate archaeological explorations, so the question remains open about whether they were just from a villa rustica or a civilian settlement. Both hoards were found in immediate proximity to the vicinal road (Vinceia i.e. Smederevo – present-day Smederevska Palanka and further on to the south), not far from the main via publica. The listing of numerous, so far unpublished finds from the Roman period, can confirm this route of the vicinal road, which was already proposed earlier. At the same time, they indicate that two
other vicinal roads (viae vicinales) led from Smederevska Palanka, towards Kosmaj and Rudnik, strategically important mining zones in the interior of the province of Moesia Superior.
are pleased to announce the call for papers and posters for the 9th Joint Meeting of ECFN and nomisma.org, which will be held at Viminacium (Serbia) from April 21st to 25th 2020 (arrival day April 21st).
We kindly ask you to send your proposals and abstracts (up to 300 words) before 30th November 2019 to the following e-mail adress:
ecfnandnomisma.org2020@gmail.com
or
mirjana.vojvoda@gmail.com
Numismatic Symposium Circulation of the Antique Coins in Southeastern Europe (Viminacium 2017).
necropolises. Within this area, nine were recorded, five of which belong to the period of the Roman domination from the mid-1st to the first decades of the 5th century. The two oldest necropolises, Pećine and Više grobalja, were established in the mid-1st century, and cremation and inhumation burials were simultaneously practised at these sites. A change in the funerary ritual, which occurred around the mid-3rd century, resulted in the abandonment of these two burial grounds. The third of the recorded necropolises, also at the site of Pećine, only consisted of cremation burials, with the exception of some graves containing the
inhumed remains of children. The necropolis was formed at the turn of the 1st and the 2nd century and was used until the mid-3rd century. The cremation ritual was abandoned in the mid-3rd century at the southern necropolises of Viminacium and, since then, inhumation represented the only form of burial. At the time, two additional necropolises were established in the southern area, Burdelj and Pećine, the first of which was in use until about the mid-4th century and the second until the mid-5th century.
Another interesting fact is the absence of any destruction layer whatsoever. Monetary circulation within
the municipium is in strong contrast to a coin hoard found nearby and also ending in the middle of the 3rd
century. However, this unexplained abrupt break in the monetary circulation seems not to be just of local
character, but a rather widespread sensation that led to a considerable reshaping of civil settlements in the
north of the province