Background Saliva is the most common biological evidence found at any crime scene next to blood. ... more Background Saliva is the most common biological evidence found at any crime scene next to blood. It is a clear liquid which makes it immune to any possible evidence of alteration by the perpetrator. In forensics, saliva is used as biological evidence and is very helpful in determining various aspects of an individual such as sex, individuality, ABO blood groups, microbial signature, biomarkers, or habits like smoking. Main body Saliva shares a great resemblance with plasma as it encompasses similar organic or inorganic compound contents. In forensic casework, identifying any evidence is the primary goal to establish the groundwork for further investigation. Saliva may be found in the form of a pool or stained form, but its identification is challenging because of its transparency. It has been widely used as an informative tool in forensic situations like poisoning, hanging, or cases of drug abuse, etc. for more than two decades now. Over the years, many proposed ways or methods have...
Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is routinely analysed for pathogenic mutations, evolutionary stud... more Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is routinely analysed for pathogenic mutations, evolutionary studies, estimation of time of divergence within or between species, phylogenetic studies and identification of degraded remains. The data on various regions of human mtDNA has added enormously to the knowledge pool of population genetics as well as forensic genetics. The displacementloop (D-loop) in the control region of mtDNA is rated as the most rapidly evolving part, due to the presence of variations in this region. The control region consists of three hypervariable regions. These hypervariable regions (HVI, HVII and HVIII) tend to mutate 5-10 times faster than nuclear DNA. The high mutation rate of these hypervariable regions is used in population genetic studies and human identity testing. In the present data, potentially informative hypervariable regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) i.e. HVI (np 16024-16365), HVII (np 73-340) and HVIII (np 438-576) were estimated to understand the genetic diversity amongst Brahmin population of Haryana. Blood samples had been collected from maternally unrelated individuals from the different districts of Haryana. An array of parameters comprising of polymorphic sites, transitions, transversions, deletions, gene diversity, nucleotide diversity, pairwise differences, Tajima's D test, Fu's Fs test, Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Genetic variations among humans occur both within and among populations and range from single nuc... more Genetic variations among humans occur both within and among populations and range from single nucleotide changes to multiplenucleotide variants. These multiple-nucleotide variants are useful for studying the relationships among individuals or various population groups. The study of human genetic variations can help scientists understand how different population groups are biologically related to one another. Sequence analysis of hypervariable regions of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been successfully used for the genetic characterization of different population groups for forensic purposes. It is well established that different ethnic or population groups differ significantly in their mtDNA distributions. In the last decade, very little research has been conducted on mtDNA variations in the Indian population, although such data would be useful for elucidating the history of human population expansion across the world. Moreover, forensic studies on mtDNA variations in the Indian subcontinent are also scarce, particularly in the northern part of India. In this report, variations in the hypervariable regions of mtDNA were analyzed in the Yadav population of Haryana. Different molecular diversity indices were computed. Further, the obtained haplotypes were classified into Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
ABSTRACT The aim of this manuscript is to provide the concepts of microbiology with an emphasis o... more ABSTRACT The aim of this manuscript is to provide the concepts of microbiology with an emphasis on forensic ap-plications. Microbial forensics has been closely associated with the process of attribution, or identifying the perpetrator of a biological attack for purposes of criminal prosecution. Pathogens and toxins can be converted to bio weapons and used to commit bioterrorism and bio crime. Microbial forensics is focused on characterization of evidence from a bioterrorism act, bio crime, hoax, or an inadvertent release. The forensic investigation will attempt to determine the etiology, where did the specific organism come from, who was responsible and identity of the causal agent. If a labora-tory scientist suspects bio terror or bio crime, or other legal case, law enforcement agents must be notified and diagnostic samples preserved.
Most often the newspapers and bulletin come out with voluminous cases of deaths due to drowning. ... more Most often the newspapers and bulletin come out with voluminous cases of deaths due to drowning. At the same time an ample section of such cases encompass entomological evidences, that can be scrutinized as a very useful parameter in estimating post mortem interval (PMI). This research database is an outcome of a 2 years reflective study, based on an assessment of records related to human deaths due to drowning. The drowned bodies from various districts of Haryana are sent to PGIMS (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences), Rohtak. The study took the data of year 2015-2016 into consideration. All the cases were reviewed and summarized in terms of monthly occurrence of total cases, age differentiation, gender differentiation and month wise occurrence of entomological evidences on the dead bodies through detailed study of post mortem findings. This data will lead to an insight into the magnitude of drowning deaths in Haryana along with the usage of entomological data for determining Post Mortem Submersion Intervals (PMSI).
There is a long history of using insects on a decomposing corpse as an invaluable tool to estimat... more There is a long history of using insects on a decomposing corpse as an invaluable tool to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (PMI) during death investigations. The present study was carried out to study the decomposition pattern and insects associated with a submerged rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758) carcase. A total of 1795 insect specimens were found to be associated with different decomposition stages. During the submerged fresh stage three species from the genus Chironomus visited the carcase. During the early floating and floating decay stages, insects belonging to Coenagrionidae, Chironomidae, Lestidae, Aeshnidae families along with the aquatic beetles i.e. Enochrus esuriens (Walker, 1858), Regimbartia attenuata (Fabricius, 1801), genus Helochares and Canthydrus laetabilis (Walker, 1858) visited and colonised the carcase. The advanced floating decay and sunken remains stage saw a prominence of Ranatra digitata (Hafiz and Pradhan, 1949), Ranatra filiformis (Fabricius, 1790) and genera Hydroglyphus, Hypoporus, Laccophilus, Berosus and Helochares. The Post-Mortem Submersion Interval (PMSI) was found to be longest in the winters (44 days, ADD = 1066.5) and shortest in the rainy season (16 days, ADD = 405.5) while the spring and the summer season showed a moderate PMSI of 26 days (ADD = 632.5) and 19 days (ADD = 472.5) respectively.
Haryana State (located in the northern part of India), is lacking in natural forest, but it has r... more Haryana State (located in the northern part of India), is lacking in natural forest, but it has rich biodiversity of some wild animals, especially the Blackbuck antelopes. The maximum population of Blackbucks in the state is living in open cultivated fields. Blackbucks were once found abundantly throughout Haryana, but now they are limited to the southwest part of the state, driven almost to extinction in the rest of Haryana, mainly because of habitat destruction and wildlife crime. This data report is an outcome of six years (January 2012-September 2017), based on assessment of records in terms of location, year and month wise frequency of death and rescued cases related to Blackbuck reported, as registered by the State Wildlife Department. It is envisioned that this data report will provide appropriate information for the conservationist to plan future conservation strategy for Blackbucks in Haryana.
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Aug 1, 2020
There is a long history of using insects on a decomposing corpse as an invaluable tool to estimat... more There is a long history of using insects on a decomposing corpse as an invaluable tool to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (PMI) during death investigations. The present study was carried out to study the decomposition pattern and insects associated with a submerged rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758) carcase. A total of 1795 insect specimens were found to be associated with different decomposition stages. During the submerged fresh stage three species from the genus Chironomus visited the carcase. During the early floating and floating decay stages, insects belonging to Coenagrionidae, Chironomidae, Lestidae, Aeshnidae families along with the aquatic beetles i.e. Enochrus esuriens (Walker, 1858), Regimbartia attenuata (Fabricius, 1801), genus Helochares and Canthydrus laetabilis (Walker, 1858) visited and colonised the carcase. The advanced floating decay and sunken remains stage saw a prominence of Ranatra digitata (Hafiz and Pradhan, 1949), Ranatra filiformis (Fabricius, 1790) and genera Hydroglyphus, Hypoporus, Laccophilus, Berosus and Helochares. The Post-Mortem Submersion Interval (PMSI) was found to be longest in the winters (44 days, ADD = 1066.5) and shortest in the rainy season (16 days, ADD = 405.5) while the spring and the summer season showed a moderate PMSI of 26 days (ADD = 632.5) and 19 days (ADD = 472.5) respectively.
To explore the genomic diversity and forensic characterization of Naga tribes, Nagaland, haplotyp... more To explore the genomic diversity and forensic characterization of Naga tribes, Nagaland, haplotypes for 23 Y-STR markers have been analyzed. In this study, 203 unrelated male individuals residing in the Northeast Indian state of Nagaland were selected. A total of 203 unique haplotypes were observed. The value of gene diversity (GD) and discrimination capacity (DC) was observed as 0.999999998927955 and 1 respectively. Forensic interest parameters viz., power of discrimination (PD), polymorphic information content (PIC), and matching probability (PM) were found to be 0.999999998695503, 0.999999976671191, and 1.3 × 10−9 respectively, for the studied population. Inter-population comparison study showed that the Naga tribes were found to have a distinct gene pool which is reflected in the neighbor-joining tree, principle coordinate analysis, and heat map. This is the first genetic study on Naga tribes based on 23 Y-STR markers. The Y chromosomal STR data will be useful for forensic DNA application and will enrich the existing Indian Y-STR database.
Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is routinely analysed for pathogenic mutations, evolutionary stud... more Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is routinely analysed for pathogenic mutations, evolutionary studies, estimation of time of divergence within or between species, phylogenetic studies and identification of degraded remains. The data on various regions of human mtDNA has added enormously to the knowledge pool of population genetics as well as forensic genetics. The displacement-loop (D-loop) in the control region of mtDNA is rated as the most rapidly evolving part, due to the presence of variations in this region. The control region consists of three hypervariable regions. These hypervariable regions (HVI, HVII and HVIII) tend to mutate 5-10 times faster than nuclear DNA. The high mutation rate of these hypervariable regions is used in population genetic studies and human identity testing. In the present data, potentially informative hypervariable regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) i.e. HVI (np 16024-16365), HVII (np 73-340) and HVIII (np 438-576) were estimated to understand the ge...
Background: The pattern of wrinkles on the lips has individual characteristics and the study of L... more Background: The pattern of wrinkles on the lips has individual characteristics and the study of Lip print helps in identifying the persons based on the lips traces. Aim: To find the incidence of different types of lip patterns, the dominant pattern amongst the Rohtak population, to assess the differences in lip patterns among males and females in Rohtak population. Materials and Methods: Lip prints of 80 students studying in Maharshi Dayanand University were taken without any distortion. Red coloured lipstick and cellophane tape was used to collect the lip prints samples. Results: The current study has found the most predominant pattern in male was Type III in 17 (42.5%) followed by type II in 9 (22.5%), Types I in 7 (17.5%), Type I’ in 3 (7.5%), Type IV in 3 (7.5%) and Type V in 1 (2.5%). In females most predominant lip pattern in female was Type II in 13 (32.5%) followed by Type I in 11 (27.5%), Type III in 8 (20%), Type I’ in 5 (12.5%), Type IV in 2 (5%) and Type V in 1 (2.5%). C...
Forensic entomotoxicology integrates toxicology into forensic entomology to estimate minimum post... more Forensic entomotoxicology integrates toxicology into forensic entomology to estimate minimum postmortem interval (PMImin) and circumstances of death where toxicants and poisonous substances are the suspected cause of death. Forensic entomotoxicology not only confirms the presence of toxicants in insects feeding off a cadaver but also studies its effect on the bio-morphometry and growth rate of insects. This review article highlights the effects of various toxicants on forensically important species of dipteran flies. It also discusses the parameters that may affect accuracy in estimation of time since death. The bio-physical effects of toxicants (excluding the analytical approach for qualitative detection) would help understand the trends in forensic entomotoxicological research worldwide.
ABSTRACT There is a long history of using insects on a decomposing corpse as an invaluable tool t... more ABSTRACT There is a long history of using insects on a decomposing corpse as an invaluable tool to estimate the minimum post-mortem interval (PMI) during death investigations. The present study was carried out to study the decomposition pattern and insects associated with a submerged rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758) carcase. A total of 1795 insect specimens were found to be associated with different decomposition stages. During the submerged fresh stage three species from the genus Chironomus visited the carcase. During the early floating and floating decay stages, insects belonging to Coenagrionidae, Chironomidae, Lestidae, Aeshnidae families along with the aquatic beetles i.e. Enochrus esuriens (Walker, 1858), Regimbartia attenuata (Fabricius, 1801), genus Helochares and Canthydrus laetabilis (Walker, 1858) visited and colonised the carcase. The advanced floating decay and sunken remains stage saw a prominence of Ranatra digitata (Hafiz and Pradhan, 1949), Ranatra filiformis (Fabricius, 1790) and genera Hydroglyphus, Hypoporus, Laccophilus, Berosus and Helochares. The Post-Mortem Submersion Interval (PMSI) was found to be longest in the winters (44 days, ADD = 1066.5) and shortest in the rainy season (16 days, ADD = 405.5) while the spring and the summer season showed a moderate PMSI of 26 days (ADD = 632.5) and 19 days (ADD = 472.5) respectively.
Haryana State (located in the northern part of India), is lacking in natural forest, but it has r... more Haryana State (located in the northern part of India), is lacking in natural forest, but it has rich biodiversity of some wild animals, especially the Blackbuck antelopes. The maximum population of Blackbucks in the state is living in open cultivated fields. Blackbucks were once found abundantly throughout Haryana, but now they are limited to the south-west part of the state, driven almost to extinction in the rest of Haryana, mainly because of habitat destruction and wildlife crime. This data report is an outcome of six years (January 2012-September 2017), based on assessment of records in terms of location, year and month wise frequency of death and rescued cases related to Blackbuck reported, as registered by the State Wildlife Department. It is envisioned that this data report will provide appropriate information for the conservationist to plan future conservation strategy for Blackbucks in Haryana.
Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is routinely analysed for pathogenic mutations, evolutionary stud... more Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is routinely analysed for pathogenic mutations, evolutionary studies, estimation of time of divergence within or between species, phylogenetic studies and identification of degraded remains. The data on various regions of human mtDNA has added enormously to the knowledge pool of population genetics as well as forensic genetics. The displacement-loop (D-loop) in the control region of mtDNA is rated as the most rapidly evolving part, due to the presence of variations in this region. The control region consists of three hypervariable regions. These hypervariable regions (HVI, HVII and HVIII) tend to mutate 5-10 times faster than nuclear DNA. The high mutation rate of these hypervariable regions is used in population genetic studies and human identity testing. In the present data, potentially informative hypervariable regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) i.e. HVI (np 16024-16365), HVII (np 73-340) and HVIII (np 438-576) were estimated to understand the ge...
Most often the newspapers and bulletin come out with voluminous cases of deaths due to drowning. ... more Most often the newspapers and bulletin come out with voluminous cases of deaths due to drowning. At the same time an ample section of such cases encompass entomological evidences, that can be scrutinized as a very useful parameter in estimating post mortem interval (PMI). This research database is an outcome of a 2 years reflective study, based on an assessment of records related to human deaths due to drowning. The drowned bodies from various districts of Haryana are sent to PGIMS (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences), Rohtak. The study took the data of year 2015-2016 into consideration. All the cases were reviewed and summarized in terms of monthly occurrence of total cases, age differentiation, gender differentiation and month wise occurrence of entomological evidences on the dead bodies through detailed study of post mortem findings. This data will lead to an insight into the magnitude of drowning deaths in Haryana along with the usage of entomological data for determini...
This article illustrates the importance of Good Clinical Practice (GCP), defines and outlines the... more This article illustrates the importance of Good Clinical Practice (GCP), defines and outlines the goals of GCP, presents a historical perspective on GCP and Outlines FDA regulations relating to GCP. Ongoing research shows that whether conducting research involving a new drug, a behavioral intervention, or an interview/survey, Good Clinical Practice (GCP) provides investigators and their study teams with the tools to protect human subjects and collect quality data. In this article, the author will define GCP, explain the benefits of following GCP for all types of human research and clinical trial studies, and provide some resources to assist investigators in implementing the tenets of GCP for their own research studies. This article reviews the impact of Good Clinical Practice (GCP) on clinical trials. GCP is likely to follow the International Conference on Harmonization of GCP guidelines in many aspects. GCP will enforce tighter guidelines on ethical aspects of a clinical study. Higher standards will be required in terms of comprehensive documentation for the clinical protocol, record keeping, training, and facilities including computers. Quality assurance and inspections will ensure that these standards are achieved. The additional requirements of GCP are discussed and any advantage to the study subject. GCP aims to ensure that the studies are scientifically authentic and that the clinical properties of the investigational product are properly documented. In this paper, we address the background history and the events that led up to the formation of these guidelines. Today, the GCP are used in clinical trials throughout the globe with the main aim of protecting and preserving human rights.
Background Saliva is the most common biological evidence found at any crime scene next to blood. ... more Background Saliva is the most common biological evidence found at any crime scene next to blood. It is a clear liquid which makes it immune to any possible evidence of alteration by the perpetrator. In forensics, saliva is used as biological evidence and is very helpful in determining various aspects of an individual such as sex, individuality, ABO blood groups, microbial signature, biomarkers, or habits like smoking. Main body Saliva shares a great resemblance with plasma as it encompasses similar organic or inorganic compound contents. In forensic casework, identifying any evidence is the primary goal to establish the groundwork for further investigation. Saliva may be found in the form of a pool or stained form, but its identification is challenging because of its transparency. It has been widely used as an informative tool in forensic situations like poisoning, hanging, or cases of drug abuse, etc. for more than two decades now. Over the years, many proposed ways or methods have...
Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is routinely analysed for pathogenic mutations, evolutionary stud... more Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is routinely analysed for pathogenic mutations, evolutionary studies, estimation of time of divergence within or between species, phylogenetic studies and identification of degraded remains. The data on various regions of human mtDNA has added enormously to the knowledge pool of population genetics as well as forensic genetics. The displacementloop (D-loop) in the control region of mtDNA is rated as the most rapidly evolving part, due to the presence of variations in this region. The control region consists of three hypervariable regions. These hypervariable regions (HVI, HVII and HVIII) tend to mutate 5-10 times faster than nuclear DNA. The high mutation rate of these hypervariable regions is used in population genetic studies and human identity testing. In the present data, potentially informative hypervariable regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) i.e. HVI (np 16024-16365), HVII (np 73-340) and HVIII (np 438-576) were estimated to understand the genetic diversity amongst Brahmin population of Haryana. Blood samples had been collected from maternally unrelated individuals from the different districts of Haryana. An array of parameters comprising of polymorphic sites, transitions, transversions, deletions, gene diversity, nucleotide diversity, pairwise differences, Tajima's D test, Fu's Fs test, Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Genetic variations among humans occur both within and among populations and range from single nuc... more Genetic variations among humans occur both within and among populations and range from single nucleotide changes to multiplenucleotide variants. These multiple-nucleotide variants are useful for studying the relationships among individuals or various population groups. The study of human genetic variations can help scientists understand how different population groups are biologically related to one another. Sequence analysis of hypervariable regions of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been successfully used for the genetic characterization of different population groups for forensic purposes. It is well established that different ethnic or population groups differ significantly in their mtDNA distributions. In the last decade, very little research has been conducted on mtDNA variations in the Indian population, although such data would be useful for elucidating the history of human population expansion across the world. Moreover, forensic studies on mtDNA variations in the Indian subcontinent are also scarce, particularly in the northern part of India. In this report, variations in the hypervariable regions of mtDNA were analyzed in the Yadav population of Haryana. Different molecular diversity indices were computed. Further, the obtained haplotypes were classified into Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
ABSTRACT The aim of this manuscript is to provide the concepts of microbiology with an emphasis o... more ABSTRACT The aim of this manuscript is to provide the concepts of microbiology with an emphasis on forensic ap-plications. Microbial forensics has been closely associated with the process of attribution, or identifying the perpetrator of a biological attack for purposes of criminal prosecution. Pathogens and toxins can be converted to bio weapons and used to commit bioterrorism and bio crime. Microbial forensics is focused on characterization of evidence from a bioterrorism act, bio crime, hoax, or an inadvertent release. The forensic investigation will attempt to determine the etiology, where did the specific organism come from, who was responsible and identity of the causal agent. If a labora-tory scientist suspects bio terror or bio crime, or other legal case, law enforcement agents must be notified and diagnostic samples preserved.
Most often the newspapers and bulletin come out with voluminous cases of deaths due to drowning. ... more Most often the newspapers and bulletin come out with voluminous cases of deaths due to drowning. At the same time an ample section of such cases encompass entomological evidences, that can be scrutinized as a very useful parameter in estimating post mortem interval (PMI). This research database is an outcome of a 2 years reflective study, based on an assessment of records related to human deaths due to drowning. The drowned bodies from various districts of Haryana are sent to PGIMS (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences), Rohtak. The study took the data of year 2015-2016 into consideration. All the cases were reviewed and summarized in terms of monthly occurrence of total cases, age differentiation, gender differentiation and month wise occurrence of entomological evidences on the dead bodies through detailed study of post mortem findings. This data will lead to an insight into the magnitude of drowning deaths in Haryana along with the usage of entomological data for determining Post Mortem Submersion Intervals (PMSI).
There is a long history of using insects on a decomposing corpse as an invaluable tool to estimat... more There is a long history of using insects on a decomposing corpse as an invaluable tool to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (PMI) during death investigations. The present study was carried out to study the decomposition pattern and insects associated with a submerged rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758) carcase. A total of 1795 insect specimens were found to be associated with different decomposition stages. During the submerged fresh stage three species from the genus Chironomus visited the carcase. During the early floating and floating decay stages, insects belonging to Coenagrionidae, Chironomidae, Lestidae, Aeshnidae families along with the aquatic beetles i.e. Enochrus esuriens (Walker, 1858), Regimbartia attenuata (Fabricius, 1801), genus Helochares and Canthydrus laetabilis (Walker, 1858) visited and colonised the carcase. The advanced floating decay and sunken remains stage saw a prominence of Ranatra digitata (Hafiz and Pradhan, 1949), Ranatra filiformis (Fabricius, 1790) and genera Hydroglyphus, Hypoporus, Laccophilus, Berosus and Helochares. The Post-Mortem Submersion Interval (PMSI) was found to be longest in the winters (44 days, ADD = 1066.5) and shortest in the rainy season (16 days, ADD = 405.5) while the spring and the summer season showed a moderate PMSI of 26 days (ADD = 632.5) and 19 days (ADD = 472.5) respectively.
Haryana State (located in the northern part of India), is lacking in natural forest, but it has r... more Haryana State (located in the northern part of India), is lacking in natural forest, but it has rich biodiversity of some wild animals, especially the Blackbuck antelopes. The maximum population of Blackbucks in the state is living in open cultivated fields. Blackbucks were once found abundantly throughout Haryana, but now they are limited to the southwest part of the state, driven almost to extinction in the rest of Haryana, mainly because of habitat destruction and wildlife crime. This data report is an outcome of six years (January 2012-September 2017), based on assessment of records in terms of location, year and month wise frequency of death and rescued cases related to Blackbuck reported, as registered by the State Wildlife Department. It is envisioned that this data report will provide appropriate information for the conservationist to plan future conservation strategy for Blackbucks in Haryana.
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Aug 1, 2020
There is a long history of using insects on a decomposing corpse as an invaluable tool to estimat... more There is a long history of using insects on a decomposing corpse as an invaluable tool to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (PMI) during death investigations. The present study was carried out to study the decomposition pattern and insects associated with a submerged rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758) carcase. A total of 1795 insect specimens were found to be associated with different decomposition stages. During the submerged fresh stage three species from the genus Chironomus visited the carcase. During the early floating and floating decay stages, insects belonging to Coenagrionidae, Chironomidae, Lestidae, Aeshnidae families along with the aquatic beetles i.e. Enochrus esuriens (Walker, 1858), Regimbartia attenuata (Fabricius, 1801), genus Helochares and Canthydrus laetabilis (Walker, 1858) visited and colonised the carcase. The advanced floating decay and sunken remains stage saw a prominence of Ranatra digitata (Hafiz and Pradhan, 1949), Ranatra filiformis (Fabricius, 1790) and genera Hydroglyphus, Hypoporus, Laccophilus, Berosus and Helochares. The Post-Mortem Submersion Interval (PMSI) was found to be longest in the winters (44 days, ADD = 1066.5) and shortest in the rainy season (16 days, ADD = 405.5) while the spring and the summer season showed a moderate PMSI of 26 days (ADD = 632.5) and 19 days (ADD = 472.5) respectively.
To explore the genomic diversity and forensic characterization of Naga tribes, Nagaland, haplotyp... more To explore the genomic diversity and forensic characterization of Naga tribes, Nagaland, haplotypes for 23 Y-STR markers have been analyzed. In this study, 203 unrelated male individuals residing in the Northeast Indian state of Nagaland were selected. A total of 203 unique haplotypes were observed. The value of gene diversity (GD) and discrimination capacity (DC) was observed as 0.999999998927955 and 1 respectively. Forensic interest parameters viz., power of discrimination (PD), polymorphic information content (PIC), and matching probability (PM) were found to be 0.999999998695503, 0.999999976671191, and 1.3 × 10−9 respectively, for the studied population. Inter-population comparison study showed that the Naga tribes were found to have a distinct gene pool which is reflected in the neighbor-joining tree, principle coordinate analysis, and heat map. This is the first genetic study on Naga tribes based on 23 Y-STR markers. The Y chromosomal STR data will be useful for forensic DNA application and will enrich the existing Indian Y-STR database.
Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is routinely analysed for pathogenic mutations, evolutionary stud... more Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is routinely analysed for pathogenic mutations, evolutionary studies, estimation of time of divergence within or between species, phylogenetic studies and identification of degraded remains. The data on various regions of human mtDNA has added enormously to the knowledge pool of population genetics as well as forensic genetics. The displacement-loop (D-loop) in the control region of mtDNA is rated as the most rapidly evolving part, due to the presence of variations in this region. The control region consists of three hypervariable regions. These hypervariable regions (HVI, HVII and HVIII) tend to mutate 5-10 times faster than nuclear DNA. The high mutation rate of these hypervariable regions is used in population genetic studies and human identity testing. In the present data, potentially informative hypervariable regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) i.e. HVI (np 16024-16365), HVII (np 73-340) and HVIII (np 438-576) were estimated to understand the ge...
Background: The pattern of wrinkles on the lips has individual characteristics and the study of L... more Background: The pattern of wrinkles on the lips has individual characteristics and the study of Lip print helps in identifying the persons based on the lips traces. Aim: To find the incidence of different types of lip patterns, the dominant pattern amongst the Rohtak population, to assess the differences in lip patterns among males and females in Rohtak population. Materials and Methods: Lip prints of 80 students studying in Maharshi Dayanand University were taken without any distortion. Red coloured lipstick and cellophane tape was used to collect the lip prints samples. Results: The current study has found the most predominant pattern in male was Type III in 17 (42.5%) followed by type II in 9 (22.5%), Types I in 7 (17.5%), Type I’ in 3 (7.5%), Type IV in 3 (7.5%) and Type V in 1 (2.5%). In females most predominant lip pattern in female was Type II in 13 (32.5%) followed by Type I in 11 (27.5%), Type III in 8 (20%), Type I’ in 5 (12.5%), Type IV in 2 (5%) and Type V in 1 (2.5%). C...
Forensic entomotoxicology integrates toxicology into forensic entomology to estimate minimum post... more Forensic entomotoxicology integrates toxicology into forensic entomology to estimate minimum postmortem interval (PMImin) and circumstances of death where toxicants and poisonous substances are the suspected cause of death. Forensic entomotoxicology not only confirms the presence of toxicants in insects feeding off a cadaver but also studies its effect on the bio-morphometry and growth rate of insects. This review article highlights the effects of various toxicants on forensically important species of dipteran flies. It also discusses the parameters that may affect accuracy in estimation of time since death. The bio-physical effects of toxicants (excluding the analytical approach for qualitative detection) would help understand the trends in forensic entomotoxicological research worldwide.
ABSTRACT There is a long history of using insects on a decomposing corpse as an invaluable tool t... more ABSTRACT There is a long history of using insects on a decomposing corpse as an invaluable tool to estimate the minimum post-mortem interval (PMI) during death investigations. The present study was carried out to study the decomposition pattern and insects associated with a submerged rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758) carcase. A total of 1795 insect specimens were found to be associated with different decomposition stages. During the submerged fresh stage three species from the genus Chironomus visited the carcase. During the early floating and floating decay stages, insects belonging to Coenagrionidae, Chironomidae, Lestidae, Aeshnidae families along with the aquatic beetles i.e. Enochrus esuriens (Walker, 1858), Regimbartia attenuata (Fabricius, 1801), genus Helochares and Canthydrus laetabilis (Walker, 1858) visited and colonised the carcase. The advanced floating decay and sunken remains stage saw a prominence of Ranatra digitata (Hafiz and Pradhan, 1949), Ranatra filiformis (Fabricius, 1790) and genera Hydroglyphus, Hypoporus, Laccophilus, Berosus and Helochares. The Post-Mortem Submersion Interval (PMSI) was found to be longest in the winters (44 days, ADD = 1066.5) and shortest in the rainy season (16 days, ADD = 405.5) while the spring and the summer season showed a moderate PMSI of 26 days (ADD = 632.5) and 19 days (ADD = 472.5) respectively.
Haryana State (located in the northern part of India), is lacking in natural forest, but it has r... more Haryana State (located in the northern part of India), is lacking in natural forest, but it has rich biodiversity of some wild animals, especially the Blackbuck antelopes. The maximum population of Blackbucks in the state is living in open cultivated fields. Blackbucks were once found abundantly throughout Haryana, but now they are limited to the south-west part of the state, driven almost to extinction in the rest of Haryana, mainly because of habitat destruction and wildlife crime. This data report is an outcome of six years (January 2012-September 2017), based on assessment of records in terms of location, year and month wise frequency of death and rescued cases related to Blackbuck reported, as registered by the State Wildlife Department. It is envisioned that this data report will provide appropriate information for the conservationist to plan future conservation strategy for Blackbucks in Haryana.
Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is routinely analysed for pathogenic mutations, evolutionary stud... more Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is routinely analysed for pathogenic mutations, evolutionary studies, estimation of time of divergence within or between species, phylogenetic studies and identification of degraded remains. The data on various regions of human mtDNA has added enormously to the knowledge pool of population genetics as well as forensic genetics. The displacement-loop (D-loop) in the control region of mtDNA is rated as the most rapidly evolving part, due to the presence of variations in this region. The control region consists of three hypervariable regions. These hypervariable regions (HVI, HVII and HVIII) tend to mutate 5-10 times faster than nuclear DNA. The high mutation rate of these hypervariable regions is used in population genetic studies and human identity testing. In the present data, potentially informative hypervariable regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) i.e. HVI (np 16024-16365), HVII (np 73-340) and HVIII (np 438-576) were estimated to understand the ge...
Most often the newspapers and bulletin come out with voluminous cases of deaths due to drowning. ... more Most often the newspapers and bulletin come out with voluminous cases of deaths due to drowning. At the same time an ample section of such cases encompass entomological evidences, that can be scrutinized as a very useful parameter in estimating post mortem interval (PMI). This research database is an outcome of a 2 years reflective study, based on an assessment of records related to human deaths due to drowning. The drowned bodies from various districts of Haryana are sent to PGIMS (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences), Rohtak. The study took the data of year 2015-2016 into consideration. All the cases were reviewed and summarized in terms of monthly occurrence of total cases, age differentiation, gender differentiation and month wise occurrence of entomological evidences on the dead bodies through detailed study of post mortem findings. This data will lead to an insight into the magnitude of drowning deaths in Haryana along with the usage of entomological data for determini...
This article illustrates the importance of Good Clinical Practice (GCP), defines and outlines the... more This article illustrates the importance of Good Clinical Practice (GCP), defines and outlines the goals of GCP, presents a historical perspective on GCP and Outlines FDA regulations relating to GCP. Ongoing research shows that whether conducting research involving a new drug, a behavioral intervention, or an interview/survey, Good Clinical Practice (GCP) provides investigators and their study teams with the tools to protect human subjects and collect quality data. In this article, the author will define GCP, explain the benefits of following GCP for all types of human research and clinical trial studies, and provide some resources to assist investigators in implementing the tenets of GCP for their own research studies. This article reviews the impact of Good Clinical Practice (GCP) on clinical trials. GCP is likely to follow the International Conference on Harmonization of GCP guidelines in many aspects. GCP will enforce tighter guidelines on ethical aspects of a clinical study. Higher standards will be required in terms of comprehensive documentation for the clinical protocol, record keeping, training, and facilities including computers. Quality assurance and inspections will ensure that these standards are achieved. The additional requirements of GCP are discussed and any advantage to the study subject. GCP aims to ensure that the studies are scientifically authentic and that the clinical properties of the investigational product are properly documented. In this paper, we address the background history and the events that led up to the formation of these guidelines. Today, the GCP are used in clinical trials throughout the globe with the main aim of protecting and preserving human rights.
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Papers by Kapil Verma