The Philippine Review of Economics (pre) invites theoretical and empirical articles on economics ... more The Philippine Review of Economics (pre) invites theoretical and empirical articles on economics and economic development. Papers on the Philippines, Asian and other developing economies are especially welcome. Book reviews will also be considered. The pre is published jointly by the up School of Economics and the Philippine Economic Society. Its contents are indexed in the Journal of Economic Literature, EconLit, and RePEc. pre's readership includes economists and other social scientists in academe, business, government, and development research institutions. Publication Information: The pre (issn 1655-1516) is a peer-reviewed journal published every June and December of each year. A searchable database of published articles and their abstracts is available at the pre website (http://pre.econ.upd.edu. ph).
The central contribution of this work is the identification of the determinants of the changes in... more The central contribution of this work is the identification of the determinants of the changes in the profit rates and wages among different subsectors of the Turkish manufacturing industry, with a major emphasis on the impact of changing conditions of external competition. In ...
Review of Radical Political Economics, Sep 1, 2007
This study analyzes profit rate trends in Turkish manufacturing at the subsectoral level during t... more This study analyzes profit rate trends in Turkish manufacturing at the subsectoral level during the period from 1970 to 2000. Previous studies provide profit rates only at the aggregate level due to a lack of subsectoral capital stock data availability. Generating capital stock series, the author calculates the profit rates for selected subsectors. Applying Weisskopf's method, changes in the profit rate are decomposed, and evidence is found for a rising significance of conflict-based factors over “environmental” factors.
Using data from the 2006 Turkish Time-Use Survey, we examine gender differences in time allocatio... more Using data from the 2006 Turkish Time-Use Survey, we examine gender differences in time allocation among married heterosexual couples over the life cycle. While we find large discrepancies in the gender division of both paid and unpaid work at each life stage, the gender gap in paid and unpaid work is largest among parents of infants compared to parents of older children and couples without children. The gender gap narrows as children grow up and parents age. Married women's housework time remains relatively unchanged across their life cycle, while older men spend more time doing housework than their younger counterparts. Over the course of the life cycle, women's total work burden increases relative to men's. Placing our findings within the gendered institutional context in Turkey, we argue that gender-inequitable work-family reconciliation policies that are based on gendered assumptions of women's role as caregivers exacerbate gender disparities in time use.
Daycares closed on March 16, 2020 in Turkey to prevent the spread of COVID-19. At the same time, ... more Daycares closed on March 16, 2020 in Turkey to prevent the spread of COVID-19. At the same time, the two most common nonparental childcare arrangements in Turkey-care of children by grandparents and nannies-became undesirable due to health concerns and in some cases also unfeasible due to the partial lockdown for individuals under the age of 20 and over the age of 64. We estimate the potential impact of new constraints on nonparental childcare arrangements due to the pandemic on parental caregiving time of married parents of preschool-age children by using data from the 2014-15 Turkish Time Use Survey. Comparing how parental caregiving time varies by gender and use of nonparental childcare arrangements, we find that new constraints on nonparental childcare arrangements during the pandemic have potentially increased the gender difference in parental caregiving time by an hour and forty minutes in Turkey.
Bu çalışmada, emek-yoğun ürünlerin ihracatında son yıllarda uluslararası düzeyde artan 'rekabet' ... more Bu çalışmada, emek-yoğun ürünlerin ihracatında son yıllarda uluslararası düzeyde artan 'rekabet' koşullarının ücret yapısı üzerinde oluşabilecek etkilerini çatışan bölüşüm talepleri çerçevesinde bir modelleme ile açıklamayı amaçlıyoruz. Türkiye ekonomisi örneğinde gözlemlediğimiz gibi, 1990'lı yılların başlarından itibaren verilen uluslararası taahhütler kapsamında dış ticarette tam liberalleşme politikalarının uygulamasına geçilmiş ve ihracatı destekleme amaçlı oluşturulmuş teşvik, prim ve sübvansiyonlar azaltılmış veya kaldırılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, birçok gelişmekte olan ülke ekonomilerinin artık benzer ürünleri ihraç eder duruma gelmesiyle esnek hale gelen ihracat talep yapısı göz önüne alındığında, gelişmekte olan ülke ekonomilerinin ihracata dayalı 'büyüme' rejiminden büyük beklenti içinde olmalarıyla bileşim yanıltısı kurbanı olduklarını göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, sunacağımız model, ihracat teşviklerindeki azalma ile tetiklenen bir sistem içinde, esnek bir ihracat talep varsayımı ve dolayısıyla ihraç edilen ürünlerde fiyat artışlarının sınırlı olması durumunu göz önünde bulundurmaktadır.
Using data from the 2006 Turkish Time-Use Survey, this chapter examines gender differences in tim... more Using data from the 2006 Turkish Time-Use Survey, this chapter examines gender differences in time allocation among married opposite-sex couples over the life cycle. While the authors find large discrepancies in the gender division of both paid and unpaid work at each life stage, the gender gap in paid and unpaid work is largest among parents of infants compared to parents of older children and couples without children. Married women’s housework time remains relatively unchanged across their life cycle, while older men spend more time doing housework than their younger counterparts. Over the course of the life cycle, women’s total work burden increases relative to men.
Redistributive macro policies widely refer to the evidence provided on disaggregated components o... more Redistributive macro policies widely refer to the evidence provided on disaggregated components of overall income inequality by different social groups. These decompositions help identify the determinants of income inequality and their relative contributions to the overall inequality, yet, deriving policy related statements from the results obtained needs a great caution. This essay raises issues on policy making based on subgroup decompositions of income inequality taking one of the forefront social stratifiers across the globe as an illustrative case. Decomposition results often suggest that the component of income inequality by social subgroups is not as consequential as other sources of inequality because it is often found that the share of within-group inequality is a larger component of overall income inequality compared to the inequality between groups. We develop the argument that such statements can be problematic for at least two reasons: first, we argue that the contributions of within-and between-subgroup inequality components are contextually incommensurable. Secondly, higher within-group inequality often reflects the implicit selection bias that lies within the sociallystratified structure of labor markets.
it is that the individual chapters don’t go as far as one might hope in detailing the ‘how’ and ‘... more it is that the individual chapters don’t go as far as one might hope in detailing the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of how civil society is being ‘manufactured’. Could it be, for example, that depending on where one looks, civil society is resisting or reshaping processes of state-led manufacture? It is a shame, therefore that the editors don’t provide a summary chapter, reflecting on the extent to which the book’s central claims have been met.
This study explores the impacts of the 2008–2009 economic crisis on joblessness in Turkey, incorp... more This study explores the impacts of the 2008–2009 economic crisis on joblessness in Turkey, incorporating into the analysis the marginally attached who would like to work if the opportunity existed, but are not actively searching for a job. We find that women were more likely than men to have a marginally attached status over the whole period of analysis, and during the time of the crisis, the number of marginally attached grew significantly faster for women than for men. The transition probability for the employed to become marginally attached and move out of the labour force rose substantially more for women than it did for men. The results obtained have important implications. Using conventional criteria, it is not possible to identify the degree of motivation to work or search for work in the case of women in Turkey, where the possibilities of shifting the care of burden to someone else or an institution are very limited, as a result of inadequate provisioning of public care services.
The central contribution of this work is the identification of the determinants of the changes in... more The central contribution of this work is the identification of the determinants of the changes in the profit rates and wages among different subsectors of the Turkish manufacturing industry, with a major emphasis on the impact of changing conditions of external competition. In ...
The Philippine Review of Economics (pre) invites theoretical and empirical articles on economics ... more The Philippine Review of Economics (pre) invites theoretical and empirical articles on economics and economic development. Papers on the Philippines, Asian and other developing economies are especially welcome. Book reviews will also be considered. The pre is published jointly by the up School of Economics and the Philippine Economic Society. Its contents are indexed in the Journal of Economic Literature, EconLit, and RePEc. pre's readership includes economists and other social scientists in academe, business, government, and development research institutions. Publication Information: The pre (issn 1655-1516) is a peer-reviewed journal published every June and December of each year. A searchable database of published articles and their abstracts is available at the pre website (http://pre.econ.upd.edu. ph).
The central contribution of this work is the identification of the determinants of the changes in... more The central contribution of this work is the identification of the determinants of the changes in the profit rates and wages among different subsectors of the Turkish manufacturing industry, with a major emphasis on the impact of changing conditions of external competition. In ...
Review of Radical Political Economics, Sep 1, 2007
This study analyzes profit rate trends in Turkish manufacturing at the subsectoral level during t... more This study analyzes profit rate trends in Turkish manufacturing at the subsectoral level during the period from 1970 to 2000. Previous studies provide profit rates only at the aggregate level due to a lack of subsectoral capital stock data availability. Generating capital stock series, the author calculates the profit rates for selected subsectors. Applying Weisskopf's method, changes in the profit rate are decomposed, and evidence is found for a rising significance of conflict-based factors over “environmental” factors.
Using data from the 2006 Turkish Time-Use Survey, we examine gender differences in time allocatio... more Using data from the 2006 Turkish Time-Use Survey, we examine gender differences in time allocation among married heterosexual couples over the life cycle. While we find large discrepancies in the gender division of both paid and unpaid work at each life stage, the gender gap in paid and unpaid work is largest among parents of infants compared to parents of older children and couples without children. The gender gap narrows as children grow up and parents age. Married women's housework time remains relatively unchanged across their life cycle, while older men spend more time doing housework than their younger counterparts. Over the course of the life cycle, women's total work burden increases relative to men's. Placing our findings within the gendered institutional context in Turkey, we argue that gender-inequitable work-family reconciliation policies that are based on gendered assumptions of women's role as caregivers exacerbate gender disparities in time use.
Daycares closed on March 16, 2020 in Turkey to prevent the spread of COVID-19. At the same time, ... more Daycares closed on March 16, 2020 in Turkey to prevent the spread of COVID-19. At the same time, the two most common nonparental childcare arrangements in Turkey-care of children by grandparents and nannies-became undesirable due to health concerns and in some cases also unfeasible due to the partial lockdown for individuals under the age of 20 and over the age of 64. We estimate the potential impact of new constraints on nonparental childcare arrangements due to the pandemic on parental caregiving time of married parents of preschool-age children by using data from the 2014-15 Turkish Time Use Survey. Comparing how parental caregiving time varies by gender and use of nonparental childcare arrangements, we find that new constraints on nonparental childcare arrangements during the pandemic have potentially increased the gender difference in parental caregiving time by an hour and forty minutes in Turkey.
Bu çalışmada, emek-yoğun ürünlerin ihracatında son yıllarda uluslararası düzeyde artan 'rekabet' ... more Bu çalışmada, emek-yoğun ürünlerin ihracatında son yıllarda uluslararası düzeyde artan 'rekabet' koşullarının ücret yapısı üzerinde oluşabilecek etkilerini çatışan bölüşüm talepleri çerçevesinde bir modelleme ile açıklamayı amaçlıyoruz. Türkiye ekonomisi örneğinde gözlemlediğimiz gibi, 1990'lı yılların başlarından itibaren verilen uluslararası taahhütler kapsamında dış ticarette tam liberalleşme politikalarının uygulamasına geçilmiş ve ihracatı destekleme amaçlı oluşturulmuş teşvik, prim ve sübvansiyonlar azaltılmış veya kaldırılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, birçok gelişmekte olan ülke ekonomilerinin artık benzer ürünleri ihraç eder duruma gelmesiyle esnek hale gelen ihracat talep yapısı göz önüne alındığında, gelişmekte olan ülke ekonomilerinin ihracata dayalı 'büyüme' rejiminden büyük beklenti içinde olmalarıyla bileşim yanıltısı kurbanı olduklarını göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, sunacağımız model, ihracat teşviklerindeki azalma ile tetiklenen bir sistem içinde, esnek bir ihracat talep varsayımı ve dolayısıyla ihraç edilen ürünlerde fiyat artışlarının sınırlı olması durumunu göz önünde bulundurmaktadır.
Using data from the 2006 Turkish Time-Use Survey, this chapter examines gender differences in tim... more Using data from the 2006 Turkish Time-Use Survey, this chapter examines gender differences in time allocation among married opposite-sex couples over the life cycle. While the authors find large discrepancies in the gender division of both paid and unpaid work at each life stage, the gender gap in paid and unpaid work is largest among parents of infants compared to parents of older children and couples without children. Married women’s housework time remains relatively unchanged across their life cycle, while older men spend more time doing housework than their younger counterparts. Over the course of the life cycle, women’s total work burden increases relative to men.
Redistributive macro policies widely refer to the evidence provided on disaggregated components o... more Redistributive macro policies widely refer to the evidence provided on disaggregated components of overall income inequality by different social groups. These decompositions help identify the determinants of income inequality and their relative contributions to the overall inequality, yet, deriving policy related statements from the results obtained needs a great caution. This essay raises issues on policy making based on subgroup decompositions of income inequality taking one of the forefront social stratifiers across the globe as an illustrative case. Decomposition results often suggest that the component of income inequality by social subgroups is not as consequential as other sources of inequality because it is often found that the share of within-group inequality is a larger component of overall income inequality compared to the inequality between groups. We develop the argument that such statements can be problematic for at least two reasons: first, we argue that the contributions of within-and between-subgroup inequality components are contextually incommensurable. Secondly, higher within-group inequality often reflects the implicit selection bias that lies within the sociallystratified structure of labor markets.
it is that the individual chapters don’t go as far as one might hope in detailing the ‘how’ and ‘... more it is that the individual chapters don’t go as far as one might hope in detailing the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of how civil society is being ‘manufactured’. Could it be, for example, that depending on where one looks, civil society is resisting or reshaping processes of state-led manufacture? It is a shame, therefore that the editors don’t provide a summary chapter, reflecting on the extent to which the book’s central claims have been met.
This study explores the impacts of the 2008–2009 economic crisis on joblessness in Turkey, incorp... more This study explores the impacts of the 2008–2009 economic crisis on joblessness in Turkey, incorporating into the analysis the marginally attached who would like to work if the opportunity existed, but are not actively searching for a job. We find that women were more likely than men to have a marginally attached status over the whole period of analysis, and during the time of the crisis, the number of marginally attached grew significantly faster for women than for men. The transition probability for the employed to become marginally attached and move out of the labour force rose substantially more for women than it did for men. The results obtained have important implications. Using conventional criteria, it is not possible to identify the degree of motivation to work or search for work in the case of women in Turkey, where the possibilities of shifting the care of burden to someone else or an institution are very limited, as a result of inadequate provisioning of public care services.
The central contribution of this work is the identification of the determinants of the changes in... more The central contribution of this work is the identification of the determinants of the changes in the profit rates and wages among different subsectors of the Turkish manufacturing industry, with a major emphasis on the impact of changing conditions of external competition. In ...
“Feminist Sosyal Politika: Bakım, Emek, Göç” adlı bu kitap sosyal politika alanını feminist bir m... more “Feminist Sosyal Politika: Bakım, Emek, Göç” adlı bu kitap sosyal politika alanını feminist bir mercekle inceliyor. 1990’lara değin sosyal politikanın odağına oturan erkek işçinin dışında, ev içi ücretsiz emek, güvencesiz kadın emeği gibi mecralara dümen kıran bir sosyal politika kitabı görüyoruz karşımızda. Bu kitap, hizmet sektörünün eğreti işlerinde kadınların konumundan, bakım emeğine, göç ve sığınmacılığa kadar uzanan güncel tartışma alanlarını toplumsal cinsiyet deneyimleri üzerinden yeniden yorumluyor. Gülay Toksöz’e armağan edilen bu kitap, Türkiye’de toplumsal cinsiyet çalışmalarının öncülerinden olan Yıldız Ecevit ile bu alanın gelişimi ve sosyal politika araştırmalarına katkıları üzerine gerçekleştirilen keyifli bir söyleşi ile başlıyor. Kitabın Feminist Ekonomi ve Bakım Politikaları başlıklı ilk bölümünde, İpek İlkkaracan’ın dünya literatürüne armağan ettiği “Mor Ekonomi” kavramıyla tanışıyoruz. Ardından çocuk ve yaşlı bakımına ilişkin refah devleti politikalarının tartışılmasına şahit oluyoruz. Kitabın Kadın Emeği, Geçicilik, Eğretilik başlıklı ikinci bölümünde, ilk önce işçi kiralamanın temel özellikleri kadın istihdamına etkileriyle birlikte ele alınıyor. Ardından hizmetler sektörünün düzensiz ve güvencesiz işlerinde kadın istihdamının boyutları analiz edilip, Alışveriş Merkezlerinde çalışan kadınların istihdam koşulları irdeleniyor. Kentsel Ve Tarımsal Üretimde Suriyeli Kadın Emeğinin ele alındığı üçüncü ve son bölümde ise Adana Ovası’nda ve Denizli Kentsel İşgücü piyasasında Suriyeli Kadın İşçilerin göçmenlik ve kadınlık deneyimlerine mercek tutuluyor.
The UN Women Gender and Economics Training Manual (e-book) , 2017
This manual on gender and economics is intended to provide basic and intermediate level training ... more This manual on gender and economics is intended to provide basic and intermediate level training to development practitioners including governments and policy and programme staff in international development agencies. More specifically, the manual: (1) introduces participants to economics in general and presents feminist approaches to macroeconomics, microeconomics and international economics; (2) exposes participants to critical analyses of global and regional economic trends, including those related to economic crises; (3) enhances the skills of participants in formulating gender-responsive economic policy for programme implementation, policymaking, and advocacy; and (4) strengthens the capacity of participants to network with other development practitioners, scholars and policymakers.
Focusing on market based income sources, standard definitions of economic well-being usually negl... more Focusing on market based income sources, standard definitions of economic well-being usually neglect the contribution of non-market domain of economic activities on the total economic welfare. The result is an underestimation of overall economic well-being, but also income based measures put aside the inequalities in distribution of the benefits and burdens of the non-market activities and potential interactions of non-market and market spheres. In fact, the social and economic inclusion/exclusion of individuals, how people participate and share benefits of economic growth are not only influenced by individual endowments valued in the market, but also by peoples’ capabilities as well as commitments to others in the unpaid sphere. Without a thorough analysis of the non-market work activities that complements the market through social reproduction, it would be hard to fully comprehend the inclusiveness of economic growth and development. Wider collection efforts and use of time-use data in analyzing the patterns and potential inequalities in allocation of time across market (paid) and non-market (unpaid) activities is one of the ways in which there is improvement in this regard. In this paper, we try to understand the nature of non-market production and inequalities observed in Turkey, using time use data with a particular focus on gendered patterns of unpaid care work.
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Papers by Emel Memis
More specifically, the manual:
(1) introduces participants to economics in general and presents feminist approaches to macroeconomics, microeconomics and international economics;
(2) exposes participants to critical analyses of global and regional economic trends, including those related to economic crises;
(3) enhances the skills of participants in formulating gender-responsive economic policy for programme implementation, policymaking, and advocacy; and
(4) strengthens the capacity of participants to network with other development practitioners, scholars and policymakers.