This survey of pictograms dated to Pleistocene and pre-sea-level-stabilization periods in Austral... more This survey of pictograms dated to Pleistocene and pre-sea-level-stabilization periods in Australia draws upon the work of others as acknowledged. I attempt to cover the main issues, without being comprehensive, as an introduction for a European audience.
Calcite 30%, as rounded shell fragments, 0.5 mm. Matrix strong brown (7.5YR 4/8), many lenticular... more Calcite 30%, as rounded shell fragments, 0.5 mm. Matrix strong brown (7.5YR 4/8), many lenticular cracks parallel to surface of sherd. AT598. Mineral content 5%, up to 1 mm, 90% quartz, 10% magnetite. Calcite 40%, rounded shell fragments, up to 1 mm. Matrix banded red (10R 5/8) and dusky red (10R 3/3). AT602. Mineral content 15%, up to 1 mm, 90% quartz, 5% andesine, 5% magnetite. Calcite 15%, shell fragments, up to 1 mm. Matrix red (10R 4/6) to light red (10R 6/8), banded with globules of red clay present, many lenticular cracks parallel to axis of sherd. Assemblage C: VST, Spits 3 and 4 AT605. Mineral content 10%, 90% andesine, 5% quartz and 5% augite. Matrix orange (2.5YR 7/8) with red (10R 5/8) mottles, compact, many fine lenticular voids. AT619. Mineral content 15%, small angular grains, 0.5 mm, 50% labradorite, 25% rock fragments, 10% augite, 5% quartz. Matrix reddish yellow (5YR 7/8) to red (10R 5/8), pleochroic due to oriented clay particles, few large cracks parallel to axis of sherd. AT620. Mineral content 5%, fragments up to 0.5 mm, 50% quartz, 50% augite. Matrix reddish yellow (5YR 7/8) with strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) to reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) mottles, fine globular structure, broken into small fragments with many voids. AT623. Mineral content 10%, angular, 0.25 mm, 80% quartz and 20% magnetite. Calcite 5-10%, rounded shell fragments, 0.5 mm. Matrix reddish brown (5YR 5/4), compact, about 5-10% globular clay aggregates which may have been weathered feldspars or ferromagnesians, compact, thin lenticular voids parallel to axis of sherd. AT624. Mineral content 5%, fragments 0.3 mm, 70% andesine, 15% quartz and 15% augite. Matrix red (10R 5/8), birefringent and shows flow structure of clay aggregates, some globules may be altered feldspars or ferromagnesians, compact, many fine lenticular cracks. Assemblage D: CST, Spits 9, 10 and 11 AT628. Mineral content <1%, quartz only, 0.2 mm. Calcite 50%, shell fragments, 0.3 mm. Matrix light red (10R 6/8), clay shows flow structures around shell fragments, many cracks perpendicular and parallel to axis. AT629. Mineral content 5%, fragments 0.2 mm, 40% labradorite, 20% quartz, 20% magnetite, 10% olivine and 10% augite. Calcite 5%, rounded grains, very strongly weathered, shell structure not visible, 0.5 mm. Matrix reddish yellow (5YR 7/8) and red (10R 5/8), pleochroic, no preferred orientation shown, some large cracks parallel to axis of sherd. AT630. Mineral content 2%, fragments 0.25 mm, 40% quartz, 40% oligoclase, 15% magnetite and 5% horneblende. Calcite 20%, rounded shell fragments, 0.3 mm. Matrix red (10R 5/8), shows pleochroic flow structures, many cracks parallel to axis of sherd and many large voids which may be due to plucking of grains during grinding. AT633. Mineral content 5%, fragments 0.2 mm, 40% quartz, 40% andesine, 15% magnetite and 5% horneblende. Calcite 30%, shell fragments, 1 mm. Matrix yellowish red (5YR 4/6), birefringent but does not show prominent flow structures, many fine cracks parallel to axis of sherd. AT643. Mineral content 5%, angular fragments, up to 0.5 mm, 95% quartz, 5% magnetite. Calcite 20%, rounded fragments without obvious shell structure, 0.5 mm. Matrix mottled light red (10R 6/8) and reddish brown (5YR 4/4), many fine cracks with no apparent preferred orientation.
Page 1. Mmkind. 9 (1974), pp. 281-6 Characterization of Chert Sources as an Aid to the Identifica... more Page 1. Mmkind. 9 (1974), pp. 281-6 Characterization of Chert Sources as an Aid to the Identification of Patterns of Trade, Southeast Solomon Islands: A Preliminary Investigation G. K. WARD and IE SMITH* Introduction Inter ...
Introduction to the five papers in this issue that are based on presentations made at the Darwin ... more Introduction to the five papers in this issue that are based on presentations made at the Darwin Fulbright Symposium. Context of the Symposium is set and discussion made of the various themes and issues developed at the meeting and in the papers published her.
Archaeologists, along with other Quaternary researchers, seldom rely upon a single radiocarbon de... more Archaeologists, along with other Quaternary researchers, seldom rely upon a single radiocarbon determination to provide an estimate of the age of the phenomenon which is the object of their study. There is an evident need for an explicitly formulated procedure for comparing sets of radiocarbon determinations from the same and from adjacent strata or sites, and for combining these where statistical and archaeological criteria indicate that this combination is warranted. The present contribution provides explicit modelling for a series of recommended procedures, a critique of previous methods, and paradigms for application of the recommended procedures.
Technical reports of the Australian Museum, Dec 19, 2018
continues to research and publish about rock art. He is the author of many papers and several boo... more continues to research and publish about rock art. He is the author of many papers and several books on European Palaeolithic art (some are listed in the editors' introduction) as well as reports and this monograph on his Australian researches. Volume Editors Graeme K. Ward has conducted archaeological and ethno-archaeological fieldwork in the island Pacific and Australia.
Technical reports of the Australian Museum, Dec 19, 2018
continues to research and publish about rock art. He is the author of many papers and several boo... more continues to research and publish about rock art. He is the author of many papers and several books on European Palaeolithic art (some are listed in the editors' introduction) as well as reports and this monograph on his Australian researches. Volume Editors Graeme K. Ward has conducted archaeological and ethno-archaeological fieldwork in the island Pacific and Australia.
Review(s) of: Remains to be seen: Archaeological insights into Australian prehistory, by D. Frank... more Review(s) of: Remains to be seen: Archaeological insights into Australian prehistory, by D. Frankel, Longman Cheshire, Melbourne, 1991, pp vii + 158; Recovering the tracks: The story of Australian archaeology, by D. Horton, Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra, 1991, pp xviii + 360.
This BAR monograph deals with the chronology and styles of Arnhem Land rock paintings. It is base... more This BAR monograph deals with the chronology and styles of Arnhem Land rock paintings. It is based, surprisingly, considering the amount of research under-taken (sixteen years of fieldwork) and the breadth of problems addressed, on a BA honours thesis, and sets out ...
Accurate dating of ancient places and events is a major preoccupation of archaeologists. Fortunat... more Accurate dating of ancient places and events is a major preoccupation of archaeologists. Fortunately, there are several radiometric techniques, developed and applied as analytical services by various laboratories, available to provide the basic data from which researchers can derive archaeological dates. The technique mostly used is radiocarbon determination. The results of analyses of radiocarbon contained in organic materials excavated by archaeologists from buried habitation places and other sites have been used for nearly forty-five years to gain an estimate of the age of the events - cooking, land-clearing, and so on - represented by the archaeological deposits. Paintings and engravings can now be dated directly by radiocarbon determination of very small quantities of organic materials which have been extracted from pigments or trapped within layers covering painted or carved motifs. Other techniques, such as thermoluminescence (TL) and optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL), increasingly are being used in Australia to date aspects of the archaeological past.
This survey of pictograms dated to Pleistocene and pre-sea-level-stabilization periods in Austral... more This survey of pictograms dated to Pleistocene and pre-sea-level-stabilization periods in Australia draws upon the work of others as acknowledged. I attempt to cover the main issues, without being comprehensive, as an introduction for a European audience.
Calcite 30%, as rounded shell fragments, 0.5 mm. Matrix strong brown (7.5YR 4/8), many lenticular... more Calcite 30%, as rounded shell fragments, 0.5 mm. Matrix strong brown (7.5YR 4/8), many lenticular cracks parallel to surface of sherd. AT598. Mineral content 5%, up to 1 mm, 90% quartz, 10% magnetite. Calcite 40%, rounded shell fragments, up to 1 mm. Matrix banded red (10R 5/8) and dusky red (10R 3/3). AT602. Mineral content 15%, up to 1 mm, 90% quartz, 5% andesine, 5% magnetite. Calcite 15%, shell fragments, up to 1 mm. Matrix red (10R 4/6) to light red (10R 6/8), banded with globules of red clay present, many lenticular cracks parallel to axis of sherd. Assemblage C: VST, Spits 3 and 4 AT605. Mineral content 10%, 90% andesine, 5% quartz and 5% augite. Matrix orange (2.5YR 7/8) with red (10R 5/8) mottles, compact, many fine lenticular voids. AT619. Mineral content 15%, small angular grains, 0.5 mm, 50% labradorite, 25% rock fragments, 10% augite, 5% quartz. Matrix reddish yellow (5YR 7/8) to red (10R 5/8), pleochroic due to oriented clay particles, few large cracks parallel to axis of sherd. AT620. Mineral content 5%, fragments up to 0.5 mm, 50% quartz, 50% augite. Matrix reddish yellow (5YR 7/8) with strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) to reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) mottles, fine globular structure, broken into small fragments with many voids. AT623. Mineral content 10%, angular, 0.25 mm, 80% quartz and 20% magnetite. Calcite 5-10%, rounded shell fragments, 0.5 mm. Matrix reddish brown (5YR 5/4), compact, about 5-10% globular clay aggregates which may have been weathered feldspars or ferromagnesians, compact, thin lenticular voids parallel to axis of sherd. AT624. Mineral content 5%, fragments 0.3 mm, 70% andesine, 15% quartz and 15% augite. Matrix red (10R 5/8), birefringent and shows flow structure of clay aggregates, some globules may be altered feldspars or ferromagnesians, compact, many fine lenticular cracks. Assemblage D: CST, Spits 9, 10 and 11 AT628. Mineral content <1%, quartz only, 0.2 mm. Calcite 50%, shell fragments, 0.3 mm. Matrix light red (10R 6/8), clay shows flow structures around shell fragments, many cracks perpendicular and parallel to axis. AT629. Mineral content 5%, fragments 0.2 mm, 40% labradorite, 20% quartz, 20% magnetite, 10% olivine and 10% augite. Calcite 5%, rounded grains, very strongly weathered, shell structure not visible, 0.5 mm. Matrix reddish yellow (5YR 7/8) and red (10R 5/8), pleochroic, no preferred orientation shown, some large cracks parallel to axis of sherd. AT630. Mineral content 2%, fragments 0.25 mm, 40% quartz, 40% oligoclase, 15% magnetite and 5% horneblende. Calcite 20%, rounded shell fragments, 0.3 mm. Matrix red (10R 5/8), shows pleochroic flow structures, many cracks parallel to axis of sherd and many large voids which may be due to plucking of grains during grinding. AT633. Mineral content 5%, fragments 0.2 mm, 40% quartz, 40% andesine, 15% magnetite and 5% horneblende. Calcite 30%, shell fragments, 1 mm. Matrix yellowish red (5YR 4/6), birefringent but does not show prominent flow structures, many fine cracks parallel to axis of sherd. AT643. Mineral content 5%, angular fragments, up to 0.5 mm, 95% quartz, 5% magnetite. Calcite 20%, rounded fragments without obvious shell structure, 0.5 mm. Matrix mottled light red (10R 6/8) and reddish brown (5YR 4/4), many fine cracks with no apparent preferred orientation.
Page 1. Mmkind. 9 (1974), pp. 281-6 Characterization of Chert Sources as an Aid to the Identifica... more Page 1. Mmkind. 9 (1974), pp. 281-6 Characterization of Chert Sources as an Aid to the Identification of Patterns of Trade, Southeast Solomon Islands: A Preliminary Investigation G. K. WARD and IE SMITH* Introduction Inter ...
Introduction to the five papers in this issue that are based on presentations made at the Darwin ... more Introduction to the five papers in this issue that are based on presentations made at the Darwin Fulbright Symposium. Context of the Symposium is set and discussion made of the various themes and issues developed at the meeting and in the papers published her.
Archaeologists, along with other Quaternary researchers, seldom rely upon a single radiocarbon de... more Archaeologists, along with other Quaternary researchers, seldom rely upon a single radiocarbon determination to provide an estimate of the age of the phenomenon which is the object of their study. There is an evident need for an explicitly formulated procedure for comparing sets of radiocarbon determinations from the same and from adjacent strata or sites, and for combining these where statistical and archaeological criteria indicate that this combination is warranted. The present contribution provides explicit modelling for a series of recommended procedures, a critique of previous methods, and paradigms for application of the recommended procedures.
Technical reports of the Australian Museum, Dec 19, 2018
continues to research and publish about rock art. He is the author of many papers and several boo... more continues to research and publish about rock art. He is the author of many papers and several books on European Palaeolithic art (some are listed in the editors' introduction) as well as reports and this monograph on his Australian researches. Volume Editors Graeme K. Ward has conducted archaeological and ethno-archaeological fieldwork in the island Pacific and Australia.
Technical reports of the Australian Museum, Dec 19, 2018
continues to research and publish about rock art. He is the author of many papers and several boo... more continues to research and publish about rock art. He is the author of many papers and several books on European Palaeolithic art (some are listed in the editors' introduction) as well as reports and this monograph on his Australian researches. Volume Editors Graeme K. Ward has conducted archaeological and ethno-archaeological fieldwork in the island Pacific and Australia.
Review(s) of: Remains to be seen: Archaeological insights into Australian prehistory, by D. Frank... more Review(s) of: Remains to be seen: Archaeological insights into Australian prehistory, by D. Frankel, Longman Cheshire, Melbourne, 1991, pp vii + 158; Recovering the tracks: The story of Australian archaeology, by D. Horton, Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra, 1991, pp xviii + 360.
This BAR monograph deals with the chronology and styles of Arnhem Land rock paintings. It is base... more This BAR monograph deals with the chronology and styles of Arnhem Land rock paintings. It is based, surprisingly, considering the amount of research under-taken (sixteen years of fieldwork) and the breadth of problems addressed, on a BA honours thesis, and sets out ...
Accurate dating of ancient places and events is a major preoccupation of archaeologists. Fortunat... more Accurate dating of ancient places and events is a major preoccupation of archaeologists. Fortunately, there are several radiometric techniques, developed and applied as analytical services by various laboratories, available to provide the basic data from which researchers can derive archaeological dates. The technique mostly used is radiocarbon determination. The results of analyses of radiocarbon contained in organic materials excavated by archaeologists from buried habitation places and other sites have been used for nearly forty-five years to gain an estimate of the age of the events - cooking, land-clearing, and so on - represented by the archaeological deposits. Paintings and engravings can now be dated directly by radiocarbon determination of very small quantities of organic materials which have been extracted from pigments or trapped within layers covering painted or carved motifs. Other techniques, such as thermoluminescence (TL) and optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL), increasingly are being used in Australia to date aspects of the archaeological past.
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Papers by Graeme K Ward