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Австралия

РегӀелал хисизаризе
Википедия — эркенаб энциклопедия сайталдасан материал
Австралиялъул Цадахълъи
A blue field with the Union Flag in the upper hoist quarter, a large white seven-pointed star in the lower hoist quarter, and constellation of five white stars in the fly – one small five-pointed star and four, larger, seven-pointed stars.
Flag
Австралиялъул герб
Coat of arms
Гьимн: Advance Australia Fair[N 1]
A map of the eastern hemisphere centred on Australia, using an orthographic projection.
Австралиялъул Цадахълъи, Антарктикаялда дагӀба балел территорияги гъорлӀе бачун
ТахшагьарКанберра
35°18′29″ ж. гӀ. 149°07′28″ бб. х.HGЯO
Бищун кӀудияб шагьарСидней
Расмиял мацӀалЦониги федералияб даражаялда
Миллияб мацӀИнгилис[N 2]
Дин
(2016)[3]
Demonym(s)
GovernmentФедералияб парламентарияб конституционалияб монархия
Карл III
Дэвид Гьёрли
Энтони Альбанезе
LegislatureПарламент
• ТӀасиб палат
Сенат
• Гъоркьияб палат
Вакилзабазулаб палата
Истикълал 
Цолъараб Къиралаталдаса
1 январ 1901
9 октобер 1942 (1939 соналъул 3 септембералдаса)
3 март 1986
Area
• Total
7,692,024 km2 (2,969,907 sq mi) (6-б)
• Water (%)
1.79 (2015 соналде бугедухъ)[6]
Population
• 2024 estimate
Neutral increase 26 497 900[7] (53-б)
• 2016 census
23,401,892[8]
• Density
3.4/km2 (8.8/sq mi) (192-б)
GDP (PPP)2022 estimate
• Total
▲ $1.605 триллион[9] (18-б)
• Per capita
▲ $61,941[9] (21-б)
GDP (nominal)2022 estimate
• Total
▲ $1.748 триллион[9] (13-б)
• Per capita
▲ $67,464[9] (11-б)
Gini (2018)Позитивияб гӀодобе ин 32.5[10]
medium · 16-б
HDI (2019)▲ 0.944[11]
very high · 8-б
CurrencyАвстрал доллар ($) (AUD)
Time zoneUTC+8; +9.5; +10 (БатӀи-батӀияб[N 4])
• Summer (DST)
UTC+8; +9.5; +10;
+10.5; +11 (БатӀи-батӀияб[N 4])
Date formatкъ/мм/сссс
сссс-мм-къ[12]
Driving sideквегӀиса
Calling code+61
Internet TLD.au

Австралия, официалго Австралиялъул Цадахълъи, буго суверенияб пачалихъ, Австралияб континенги, Тасманиялъул чӀинкӀиллъиги, ва чанго гӀиссинал чӀинкӀиллъабиги гъорлӀе рачараб.[13] 7,617,930 ква�kilo�рат метрs (2,941,300 sq mi) бугеб гӀатӀилъигун,[14] Австралия буго территориялъул рахъалъ Океаниялда бищун кӀудияб пачалихъ ва дунялалъул анлӀабилеб бищун кӀудияб пачалихъ.

Баянкьелал

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  1. ^ Australia's royal anthem is "God Save the Queen", played in the presence of a member of the Royal family when they are in Australia. In other contexts, the national anthem of Australia, "Advance Australia Fair", is played.[1]
  2. ^ Ингилисалъул гьечӀо de jure статус.[2]
  3. ^ Religion was an optional question on the Census, so percentages for individual religions do not add up to 100%.[3]
  4. ^ a b Руго цо-цо батӀалъаби аслиял сагӀтазул зонабазда гьоркьор; ралагье: Австралиялда заман.

МугъчӀваял

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  1. ^ "Australian National Anthem". Архивация оригинал (1 July 2007). {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
    "16. Other matters – 16.3 Australian National Anthem". Архивация оригинал (23 September 2015). {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
    "National Symbols" (PDF). Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia (29th ред.). 2005 [2002]. Архивация оригинал (PDF) (11 June 2007). Щвей 7 June 2007. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |access-date= ва|archive-date= (help)
  2. ^ Цитатинабиялъул гъалатӀ: Мекъаб тег <ref>; мурад баян гьабун хъвалеб language -лъе текст бихьизабун гьечІо
  3. ^ a b "Religion in Australia". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 June 2017. Щвей 6 July 2021. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= ва|date= (help)
  4. ^ See entry in the Macquarie Dictionary.
  5. ^ Collins English Dictionary. Bishopbriggs, Glasgow: HarperCollins. 2009. гь. 18. ISBN 978-0-00-786171-2.
  6. ^ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Щвей 11 October 2020. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  7. ^ "Population clock". Australian Bureau of Statistics website. Commonwealth of Australia. Щвей 23 July 2020. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help) The population estimate shown is automatically calculated daily at 00:00 UTC and is based on data obtained from the population clock on the date shown in the citation.
  8. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Australia". 2016 Census QuickStats. Щвей 27 June 2017. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= ва|date= (help) Edit this at WikidataХалип:WikidataCheck
  9. ^ a b c d "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: April 2022". International Monetary Fund. April 2022. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ "Income Distribution Database". stats.oecd.org (Database). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 16 December 2020. Щвей 9 May 2021. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= ва|publication-date= (help)
  11. ^ "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. Щвей 15 December 2020. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= ва|date= (help)
  12. ^ Style manual for authors, editors and printers (6th ред.). John Wiley & Sons Australia. 2002. гь. 171. ISBN 978-0-7016-3647-0.
  13. ^ "Constitution of Australia". ComLaw. 9 July 1900. Щвей 5 August 2011. 3. It shall be lawful for the Queen, with the advice of the Privy Council, to declare by proclamation that, on and after a day therein appointed, not being later than one year after the passing of this Act, the people of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, and Tasmania, and also, if Her Majesty is satisfied that the people of Western Australia have agreed thereto, of Western Australia, shall be united in a Federal Commonwealth under the name of the Commonwealth of Australia. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= ва|date= (help)
  14. ^ "Australia's Size Compared". Geoscience Australia. Архивация оригинал (24 March 2007). Щвей 19 May 2007. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= ва|archive-date= (help)

Библиография

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ТӀадеги цӀалиялъе

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Халип:Further

  • Denoon, Donald, et al. (2000). A History of Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-17962-3.
  • Goad, Philip and Julie Willis (eds.) (2011). The Encyclopedia of Australian Architecture. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88857-8.
  • Hughes, Robert (1986). The Fatal Shore: The Epic of Australia's Founding. Knopf. ISBN 0-394-50668-5.
  • Powell, J.M. (1988). An Historical Geography of Modern Australia: The Restive Fringe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-25619-4
  • Robinson, G.M., Loughran, R.J., and Tranter, P.J. (2000). Australia and New Zealand: Economy, Society and Environment. London: Arnold; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-340-72033-6 paperback, ISBN 0-340-72032-8 hardback.
  • Brett, Judith (2019). From Secret Ballot to Democracy Sausage: How Australia Got Compulsory Voting. Text Publishing Co. ISBN 978-1-925603-84-2.

КъватӀисел регӀелал

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