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Deva

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Sa pinakaamay na Vedic literature, an Devas are benevolent supernatural beings;[1] above, a gilt-copper statue of Indra, "Chief of the Gods", from 16th-century Nepal.

An deva (Sanskrito: देव, Deva) an buot sabihon kan "makintab," "langitnon," "langitnon na pagkatawo," "divine," "an siisay man na may pagigin mahusay," asin saro man sa Sanskrit na termino na ginamit tanganing iparisa an sarong dios sa Hinduismo.[2] An Deva sarong terminong maskulino; an katumbas kan sa babayi iyo an devi.

Sa kaenot - enoteng literaturang Vedic, an gabos na lihis sa natural na persona inaapod na Devas asin Asuras.[3][4][5][6][7] An mga konsepto asin osipon na yaon sa suanoy na literaturang Indiyan, asin kan huring panahon nin Vedic, an maboot asin lihis sa natural na mga linalang inaapod na Deva-Asuras. Sa mga tekstong post-Vedic Hindu, arog kan Puranas asin Itihasas nin Hinduismo, nagrerepresentar an mga Deva sa karahayan, asin an Asuras sa karatan.[8][9] Sa nagkapirang libro nin literatura kan edad media, inaapod man an Devas na Suras asin kabaliktaran kan arog man kaiyan kamakapangyarihan alagad half-brothers, na inaapod na Asuras.[10]

An Devas, kaiba an Asuras, Yakshas (mga espiritu nin naturalesa), asin Rakshasas (ghoulish ogres/demons), kabtang kan mitolohiyang Indiyan, asin Devas na itinatampok sa dakol na kosmolohikong teoriya sa Hinduismo.[11][12]

Toltolan

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  1. ↑ Klostermaier, Klaus K. (2007). "Part I. Hinduism: Sources and Worldview – The Many Gods and the One God of Hinduism". A Survey of Hinduism. India and South Asian Studies (3rd ed.). Albany, New York: SUNY Press. pp. 101–102. ISBN 9780791470824. LCCN 2006021542. The Hindu deva is not God—at the most deva could be loosely translated as a “divine being.” Etymologically it means “shiny,” “exalted”; and thus we find that the term deva covers everything that has to do with the supernatural: all figures, forms, processes and emotions, melodies, books, and verse meters—whatever needs the explanation of a transcendent origin or status—are called devas or devatā. The functions of different parts of the body, symbols, and syllabes are explained as deva. Sa Vedic religion satuyang nahanap an katagang ginamit sa relatively restricted way; alagad dawa igwa nin kita bakong entitled na iagid ini sa dios, alagad kaagid ini kan mga tawong igwa nin supernatural powers sa pangkagabsan. 
  2. ↑ Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary” Etymologically and Philologically Arranged to cognate Indo-European Languages, Motilal Banarsidass, page 492
  3. ↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica - Deva
  4. ↑ Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities by Charles Russell Coulter, Patricia Turner. Pg.147
  5. ↑ George Williams (2008), A Handbook of Hindu Mythology, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195332612, pages 90, 112
  6. ↑ Wash Edward Hale (1999), Ásura in Early Vedic Religion, Motilal Barnarsidass, ISBN 978-8120800618, pages 5-11, 22, 99-102
  7. ↑ Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary” Etymologically and Philologically Arranged to cognate Indo-European Languages, Motilal Banarsidass, page 121
  8. ↑ Nicholas Gier (2000), Spiritual Titanism: Indian, Chinese, and Western Perspectives, State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-0791445280, pages 59-76
  9. ↑ Jeaneane D Fowler (2012), The Bhagavad Gita, Sussex Academic Press, ISBN 978-1845193461, pages 253-262
  10. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica
  11. ↑ Don Handelman (2013), One God, Two Goddesses, Three Studies of South Indian Cosmology, Brill Academic, ISBN 978-9004256156, pages 23-29
  12. ↑ Wendy Doniger (1988), Textual Sources for the Study of Hinduism, Manchester University Press, ISBN 978-0719018664, page 67
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