Layout EPP studio Printed by DUPT Fokus Repro DOOEL Copies 250 This Acta has been published with ... more Layout EPP studio Printed by DUPT Fokus Repro DOOEL Copies 250 This Acta has been published with funds from the Ministry of culture of the Republic of North Macedonia Издавач НУ Завод за заштита на спомениците на културата и Музеј Струмица Издавачки совет Ина Миноглав (Хрватска) Мартина Блечич Кавур (Словенија) Адам Црнобрња (Србија) Светла Петрова (Бугарија) Зоран Рујак (С. Македонија) Елена Канзурова (С. Македонија) Славица Бабамова (С. Македонија) Анита Василкова Мидоска (С. Македонија) Редакциски одбор Зоран Рујак Ване П. Секулов Душко Цветанов Уредник Ване П. Секулов Технички уредник Даниела Дончева Компјутерска подготовка ЕПП студио Печат ДУПТ Фокус Репро ДООЕЛ Тираж 250 Зборникот е финансиран со средства од Министерството за култура на Република Северна Македонија Zoran Rujak NI Institute for protection of the monuments and the Museum of Strumica
The monograph Carevi Kuli-Strumica is a testimony to the city of Strumica and its rich cultural a... more The monograph Carevi Kuli-Strumica is a testimony to the city of Strumica and its rich cultural and historical heritage.
In addition to its excellent strategic position, the medieval fortress of Carevi Kuli had a stron... more In addition to its excellent strategic position, the medieval fortress of Carevi Kuli had a strong and wellequipped military crew, armed for attack and personal defense, as well as for the defense of the fortress. In addition to its military role, the military crew was tasked with maintaining the fortress. The military crew conducted daily combat training to prepare for military operations. This is evidenced by the numerous fi ndings of various weapons found throughout the fortress. A well-organized and stable military crew was a basic precondition for the defense of the fortress, the city of Strumica and the surrounding area. This, above all, meant a well-trained army equipped with a variety of weapons. The items found during the excavations, which have a military role, mainly originate from the medieval fortress, but the number of fi ndings outside the fortress is not small. From the remains of weapons found during the excavations, the most common are iron arrowheads, followed by axes, maces and spears. The fi ndings of the remains of a crossbow are also interesting. Unfortunately, no pieces of military equipment, such as shields or body armor, have been found so far.
The site Lake Pile-Dwellings Settlement “Mrdaja” at Dojran is located along the shore, on the sou... more The site Lake Pile-Dwellings Settlement “Mrdaja” at Dojran is located along the shore, on the southernmost point of the Lake Dojran, near the border crossing between Republic of Macedonia and Greece. The settlement was discovered accidentally in 2012 during the construction activity for extension of the military-controlled beach. Unfortunately, large part of the settlement was devastated by the heavy mechanization. The excavations began in 2012 they were continuously conducted until 2014 when the waters of the Lake returned and elevated the water level. Today, the site is covered by water and located 1.5 to 2.5 metres below the surface. An area of around 300 m2 was explored during the three archaeological campaigns. The excavations of the shore, once covered by water, have yielded two strata located under successive sediment layers of mud, sand and lake shells. The more recent stratum has much less finds and we assume it was formed much later, after the settlement ceased to exist for a long time. The prehistoric pile-dwelling settlement belongs to the second, earlier stratum, located at an average depth of 0.5-1.3 metres. This layer has remains of material culture and building materials. The excavations revealed 61 piles with different dimensions (0.1 to 0.25 m) that supported the construction of the buildings and platforms. The disposition of the piles which point to certain closed units, as well as the concentration of finds between the piles suggested four structures oriented Northwest-Southeast. Most likely, the buildings were connected by small bridges. The material culture of the finds is rich and diversified. Most of the finds are pottery sherds from amphora like vessels, globular vessels, jugs, cups, biconical bowls, kantharos like vessels, vessels with wishbone handles, local matt painted pottery, portable heathers (pyraunoi), double vessels, storage vessels - pithoi, spindle whorls, weights etc. The repertoire of ceramic finds includes the object with so-called “horns of consecration”. Besides pottery, the moveable archaeological finds include metal objects with straight or curved blades (knives), pins, shaft-hole axes and hooks. Significant is the find of fragmented iron pin, discovered in the area of the settlement. Important to mention are the stone tools such as axes, whetstones, hand mills, pestles, flint tools, some of obsidian etc., as well as the bone tools and shells used as jewelry. This archaeological repertoire defined closer the chronological frame of the existence of the settlement during the Late Bronze Age and the transitional period between the Bronze and Iron Age. The settlement had close relations with the cultures that developed along the Vardar Valley, the settlements of the Lower Vardar Valley, North Aegean and the cultures along the Struma Valley. These cultures developed uninterrupted in the region between Vardar and Struma during the Late Bronze Age and the transitional period between the Bronze and Iron Age, until their evolution was violently interfered with the intrusion of the communities from the Northern Balkans which began a conquest in the area of Macedonia and the Aegean coast. Most probably, the Lake pile-dwelling settlement “Mrdaja” had the same destiny as the many other settlements which faced destruction and fire, after what it ceased to exist
Оваа монографија претставува сведоштво за градот Струмица и обид да се расветли нејзиното богато ... more Оваа монографија претставува сведоштво за градот Струмица и обид да се расветли нејзиното богато културно-историско минато. The monograph is a testimony to the city of Strumica and an attempt to illuminate its rich cultural and historical heritage. 1. Позиција на градот Струмица и Цареви Кули. 1. Position of the city of Strumica and Carevi Kuli. 2. Аерофотографија на локалитетот Цареви Кули. 2. Aero photo on the locality of Carevi Kuli.
Copies 250 Cover Altar, model of a house. Podselo Tumba, village of Stenče, Tetovo. 6th millenniu... more Copies 250 Cover Altar, model of a house. Podselo Tumba, village of Stenče, Tetovo. 6th millennium BC
During the Late Neolithic and the Early Chalcolithic period, the valley of River Strumica / Strum... more During the Late Neolithic and the Early Chalcolithic period, the valley of River Strumica / Strumesnica testifies major changes in the further development of prehistoric cultures. Few millennia long Neolithic development has been brought to its final stages and it is changed by the new, Chalcolithic culture. These dramatic changes left significant elements in the prehistoric cultures from the end of the Neolithic and the beginning of the Chalcolithic. Some of them testify that the population since the beginning of the Early Chalcolithic period has traditions form the last phase of the Late Neolithic. This shows that the Neolithic traditions are quite strong and that, at least in the beginning of the Chalcolithic, the Neolithic population probably still makes the basic structure of the Early Chalcolithic population.
“Carevi Kuli”is a recognizable monument of the medieval construction
in the Republic of Macedonia... more “Carevi Kuli”is a recognizable monument of the medieval construction in the Republic of Macedonia. They are a product of the times that are of exclusive importance for the history of medieval Macedonia. Their construction was conditioned with circumstances and events that imposed the formation of a great and exclusively powerful fortification. Because of this, this fortress bears all the characteristics of the war construction of those times – from the manner of building and use of material, to the form and the architectonic solution of the fortress.
Во досегашната археолошка практика истражувањата на езерските праисториски наколни населби во Реп... more Во досегашната археолошка практика истражувањата на езерските праисториски наколни населби во Република Македонија беа спроведувани единствено на Охридското Езеро. Во текот на изминатите неколку децении овде беа констатирани неколку праисториски наколни населби кои, главно, му припаѓаат на бронзеното и железното време. Од наколните населби во Охридското Езеро кои се наоѓаат на територијата на Република Македонија најпознати се: Устие на Дрим во близина на Струга; Црквени Ливади во с. Враништа, исто така, во близина на Струга; Плоча-Миќов Град во Заливот на Коските во близина на Пештани; локалитетот На Дол во Заливот на Прчот во близина на с. Трпејца; потоа Заливот на Бомбите во близина на Пештани; Воената Плажа западно од манастирот Св.Наум; како и т.н. локалитет Пенелопа во самиот град Охрид.1 Некои од нив, како Миќов Град во Заливот на Коските2 и Врбник3 беа систематски истражувани и тие дадоа непроценливи резултати кои ја збогатија значајно археолошката наука во Република Македонија. За жал, останатите две езера, Преспанското и Дојранското, досега беа изземени од овие напори, иако беше само прашање на денот кога и овде ќе се појават наколните населби. Во својата Историја, пишувајќи за овие простори во времето на персиските освојувања некаде кон крајот на VI век пр.н.е. Херодот ќе запише: "Во средината на езерото се наоѓаат дрвени скелиња подигнати на високи колци, а пристапот од копното им е овозможен со помош на еден мал тесен мост. Колците под скелето некогаш во старо време биле носени од страна на сите жители на населбата, а подоцна направиле ваков обичај. Секогаш кога некој од нив се женел носел од планината, чие име е Орбел, по три колци кои ги ставал под скелето; имено, кај нив секој човек се жени повеќепати. Секој на скелето има по една
Layout EPP studio Printed by DUPT Fokus Repro DOOEL Copies 250 This Acta has been published with ... more Layout EPP studio Printed by DUPT Fokus Repro DOOEL Copies 250 This Acta has been published with funds from the Ministry of culture of the Republic of North Macedonia Издавач НУ Завод за заштита на спомениците на културата и Музеј Струмица Издавачки совет Ина Миноглав (Хрватска) Мартина Блечич Кавур (Словенија) Адам Црнобрња (Србија) Светла Петрова (Бугарија) Зоран Рујак (С. Македонија) Елена Канзурова (С. Македонија) Славица Бабамова (С. Македонија) Анита Василкова Мидоска (С. Македонија) Редакциски одбор Зоран Рујак Ване П. Секулов Душко Цветанов Уредник Ване П. Секулов Технички уредник Даниела Дончева Компјутерска подготовка ЕПП студио Печат ДУПТ Фокус Репро ДООЕЛ Тираж 250 Зборникот е финансиран со средства од Министерството за култура на Република Северна Македонија Zoran Rujak NI Institute for protection of the monuments and the Museum of Strumica
The monograph Carevi Kuli-Strumica is a testimony to the city of Strumica and its rich cultural a... more The monograph Carevi Kuli-Strumica is a testimony to the city of Strumica and its rich cultural and historical heritage.
In addition to its excellent strategic position, the medieval fortress of Carevi Kuli had a stron... more In addition to its excellent strategic position, the medieval fortress of Carevi Kuli had a strong and wellequipped military crew, armed for attack and personal defense, as well as for the defense of the fortress. In addition to its military role, the military crew was tasked with maintaining the fortress. The military crew conducted daily combat training to prepare for military operations. This is evidenced by the numerous fi ndings of various weapons found throughout the fortress. A well-organized and stable military crew was a basic precondition for the defense of the fortress, the city of Strumica and the surrounding area. This, above all, meant a well-trained army equipped with a variety of weapons. The items found during the excavations, which have a military role, mainly originate from the medieval fortress, but the number of fi ndings outside the fortress is not small. From the remains of weapons found during the excavations, the most common are iron arrowheads, followed by axes, maces and spears. The fi ndings of the remains of a crossbow are also interesting. Unfortunately, no pieces of military equipment, such as shields or body armor, have been found so far.
The site Lake Pile-Dwellings Settlement “Mrdaja” at Dojran is located along the shore, on the sou... more The site Lake Pile-Dwellings Settlement “Mrdaja” at Dojran is located along the shore, on the southernmost point of the Lake Dojran, near the border crossing between Republic of Macedonia and Greece. The settlement was discovered accidentally in 2012 during the construction activity for extension of the military-controlled beach. Unfortunately, large part of the settlement was devastated by the heavy mechanization. The excavations began in 2012 they were continuously conducted until 2014 when the waters of the Lake returned and elevated the water level. Today, the site is covered by water and located 1.5 to 2.5 metres below the surface. An area of around 300 m2 was explored during the three archaeological campaigns. The excavations of the shore, once covered by water, have yielded two strata located under successive sediment layers of mud, sand and lake shells. The more recent stratum has much less finds and we assume it was formed much later, after the settlement ceased to exist for a long time. The prehistoric pile-dwelling settlement belongs to the second, earlier stratum, located at an average depth of 0.5-1.3 metres. This layer has remains of material culture and building materials. The excavations revealed 61 piles with different dimensions (0.1 to 0.25 m) that supported the construction of the buildings and platforms. The disposition of the piles which point to certain closed units, as well as the concentration of finds between the piles suggested four structures oriented Northwest-Southeast. Most likely, the buildings were connected by small bridges. The material culture of the finds is rich and diversified. Most of the finds are pottery sherds from amphora like vessels, globular vessels, jugs, cups, biconical bowls, kantharos like vessels, vessels with wishbone handles, local matt painted pottery, portable heathers (pyraunoi), double vessels, storage vessels - pithoi, spindle whorls, weights etc. The repertoire of ceramic finds includes the object with so-called “horns of consecration”. Besides pottery, the moveable archaeological finds include metal objects with straight or curved blades (knives), pins, shaft-hole axes and hooks. Significant is the find of fragmented iron pin, discovered in the area of the settlement. Important to mention are the stone tools such as axes, whetstones, hand mills, pestles, flint tools, some of obsidian etc., as well as the bone tools and shells used as jewelry. This archaeological repertoire defined closer the chronological frame of the existence of the settlement during the Late Bronze Age and the transitional period between the Bronze and Iron Age. The settlement had close relations with the cultures that developed along the Vardar Valley, the settlements of the Lower Vardar Valley, North Aegean and the cultures along the Struma Valley. These cultures developed uninterrupted in the region between Vardar and Struma during the Late Bronze Age and the transitional period between the Bronze and Iron Age, until their evolution was violently interfered with the intrusion of the communities from the Northern Balkans which began a conquest in the area of Macedonia and the Aegean coast. Most probably, the Lake pile-dwelling settlement “Mrdaja” had the same destiny as the many other settlements which faced destruction and fire, after what it ceased to exist
Оваа монографија претставува сведоштво за градот Струмица и обид да се расветли нејзиното богато ... more Оваа монографија претставува сведоштво за градот Струмица и обид да се расветли нејзиното богато културно-историско минато. The monograph is a testimony to the city of Strumica and an attempt to illuminate its rich cultural and historical heritage. 1. Позиција на градот Струмица и Цареви Кули. 1. Position of the city of Strumica and Carevi Kuli. 2. Аерофотографија на локалитетот Цареви Кули. 2. Aero photo on the locality of Carevi Kuli.
Copies 250 Cover Altar, model of a house. Podselo Tumba, village of Stenče, Tetovo. 6th millenniu... more Copies 250 Cover Altar, model of a house. Podselo Tumba, village of Stenče, Tetovo. 6th millennium BC
During the Late Neolithic and the Early Chalcolithic period, the valley of River Strumica / Strum... more During the Late Neolithic and the Early Chalcolithic period, the valley of River Strumica / Strumesnica testifies major changes in the further development of prehistoric cultures. Few millennia long Neolithic development has been brought to its final stages and it is changed by the new, Chalcolithic culture. These dramatic changes left significant elements in the prehistoric cultures from the end of the Neolithic and the beginning of the Chalcolithic. Some of them testify that the population since the beginning of the Early Chalcolithic period has traditions form the last phase of the Late Neolithic. This shows that the Neolithic traditions are quite strong and that, at least in the beginning of the Chalcolithic, the Neolithic population probably still makes the basic structure of the Early Chalcolithic population.
“Carevi Kuli”is a recognizable monument of the medieval construction
in the Republic of Macedonia... more “Carevi Kuli”is a recognizable monument of the medieval construction in the Republic of Macedonia. They are a product of the times that are of exclusive importance for the history of medieval Macedonia. Their construction was conditioned with circumstances and events that imposed the formation of a great and exclusively powerful fortification. Because of this, this fortress bears all the characteristics of the war construction of those times – from the manner of building and use of material, to the form and the architectonic solution of the fortress.
Во досегашната археолошка практика истражувањата на езерските праисториски наколни населби во Реп... more Во досегашната археолошка практика истражувањата на езерските праисториски наколни населби во Република Македонија беа спроведувани единствено на Охридското Езеро. Во текот на изминатите неколку децении овде беа констатирани неколку праисториски наколни населби кои, главно, му припаѓаат на бронзеното и железното време. Од наколните населби во Охридското Езеро кои се наоѓаат на територијата на Република Македонија најпознати се: Устие на Дрим во близина на Струга; Црквени Ливади во с. Враништа, исто така, во близина на Струга; Плоча-Миќов Град во Заливот на Коските во близина на Пештани; локалитетот На Дол во Заливот на Прчот во близина на с. Трпејца; потоа Заливот на Бомбите во близина на Пештани; Воената Плажа западно од манастирот Св.Наум; како и т.н. локалитет Пенелопа во самиот град Охрид.1 Некои од нив, како Миќов Град во Заливот на Коските2 и Врбник3 беа систематски истражувани и тие дадоа непроценливи резултати кои ја збогатија значајно археолошката наука во Република Македонија. За жал, останатите две езера, Преспанското и Дојранското, досега беа изземени од овие напори, иако беше само прашање на денот кога и овде ќе се појават наколните населби. Во својата Историја, пишувајќи за овие простори во времето на персиските освојувања некаде кон крајот на VI век пр.н.е. Херодот ќе запише: "Во средината на езерото се наоѓаат дрвени скелиња подигнати на високи колци, а пристапот од копното им е овозможен со помош на еден мал тесен мост. Колците под скелето некогаш во старо време биле носени од страна на сите жители на населбата, а подоцна направиле ваков обичај. Секогаш кога некој од нив се женел носел од планината, чие име е Орбел, по три колци кои ги ставал под скелето; имено, кај нив секој човек се жени повеќепати. Секој на скелето има по една
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Papers by Zoran Rujak
An area of around 300 m2 was explored during the three archaeological campaigns. The excavations of the shore, once covered by water, have yielded two strata located under successive sediment layers of mud, sand and lake shells. The more recent stratum has much less finds and we assume it was formed much later, after the settlement ceased to exist for a long time. The prehistoric pile-dwelling settlement belongs to the second, earlier stratum, located at an average depth of 0.5-1.3 metres. This layer has remains of material culture and building materials. The excavations revealed 61 piles with different dimensions (0.1 to 0.25 m) that supported the construction of the buildings and platforms. The disposition of the piles which point to certain closed units, as well as the concentration of finds between the piles suggested four structures oriented Northwest-Southeast. Most likely, the buildings were connected by small bridges.
The material culture of the finds is rich and diversified. Most of the finds are pottery sherds from amphora like vessels, globular vessels, jugs, cups, biconical bowls, kantharos like vessels, vessels with wishbone handles, local matt painted pottery, portable heathers (pyraunoi), double vessels, storage vessels - pithoi, spindle whorls, weights etc. The repertoire of ceramic finds includes the object with so-called “horns of consecration”. Besides pottery, the moveable archaeological finds include metal objects with straight or curved blades (knives), pins, shaft-hole axes and hooks. Significant is the find of fragmented iron pin, discovered in the area of the settlement. Important to mention are the stone tools such as axes, whetstones, hand mills, pestles, flint tools, some of obsidian etc., as well as the bone tools and shells used as jewelry.
This archaeological repertoire defined closer the chronological frame of the existence of the settlement during the Late Bronze Age and the transitional period between the Bronze and Iron Age. The settlement had close relations with the cultures that developed along the Vardar Valley, the settlements of the Lower Vardar Valley, North Aegean and the cultures along the Struma Valley. These cultures developed uninterrupted in the region between Vardar and Struma during the Late Bronze Age and the transitional period between the Bronze and Iron Age, until their evolution was violently interfered with the intrusion of the communities from the Northern Balkans which began a conquest in the area of Macedonia and the Aegean coast. Most probably, the Lake pile-dwelling settlement “Mrdaja” had the same destiny as the many other settlements which faced destruction and fire, after what it ceased to exist
in the Republic of Macedonia. They are a product of the times that are of
exclusive importance for the history of medieval Macedonia. Their construction
was conditioned with circumstances and events that imposed the formation
of a great and exclusively powerful fortification. Because of this, this fortress
bears all the characteristics of the war construction of those times – from
the manner of building and use of material, to the form and the architectonic
solution of the fortress.
Books by Zoran Rujak
An area of around 300 m2 was explored during the three archaeological campaigns. The excavations of the shore, once covered by water, have yielded two strata located under successive sediment layers of mud, sand and lake shells. The more recent stratum has much less finds and we assume it was formed much later, after the settlement ceased to exist for a long time. The prehistoric pile-dwelling settlement belongs to the second, earlier stratum, located at an average depth of 0.5-1.3 metres. This layer has remains of material culture and building materials. The excavations revealed 61 piles with different dimensions (0.1 to 0.25 m) that supported the construction of the buildings and platforms. The disposition of the piles which point to certain closed units, as well as the concentration of finds between the piles suggested four structures oriented Northwest-Southeast. Most likely, the buildings were connected by small bridges.
The material culture of the finds is rich and diversified. Most of the finds are pottery sherds from amphora like vessels, globular vessels, jugs, cups, biconical bowls, kantharos like vessels, vessels with wishbone handles, local matt painted pottery, portable heathers (pyraunoi), double vessels, storage vessels - pithoi, spindle whorls, weights etc. The repertoire of ceramic finds includes the object with so-called “horns of consecration”. Besides pottery, the moveable archaeological finds include metal objects with straight or curved blades (knives), pins, shaft-hole axes and hooks. Significant is the find of fragmented iron pin, discovered in the area of the settlement. Important to mention are the stone tools such as axes, whetstones, hand mills, pestles, flint tools, some of obsidian etc., as well as the bone tools and shells used as jewelry.
This archaeological repertoire defined closer the chronological frame of the existence of the settlement during the Late Bronze Age and the transitional period between the Bronze and Iron Age. The settlement had close relations with the cultures that developed along the Vardar Valley, the settlements of the Lower Vardar Valley, North Aegean and the cultures along the Struma Valley. These cultures developed uninterrupted in the region between Vardar and Struma during the Late Bronze Age and the transitional period between the Bronze and Iron Age, until their evolution was violently interfered with the intrusion of the communities from the Northern Balkans which began a conquest in the area of Macedonia and the Aegean coast. Most probably, the Lake pile-dwelling settlement “Mrdaja” had the same destiny as the many other settlements which faced destruction and fire, after what it ceased to exist
in the Republic of Macedonia. They are a product of the times that are of
exclusive importance for the history of medieval Macedonia. Their construction
was conditioned with circumstances and events that imposed the formation
of a great and exclusively powerful fortification. Because of this, this fortress
bears all the characteristics of the war construction of those times – from
the manner of building and use of material, to the form and the architectonic
solution of the fortress.