সার্বভৌম রাষ্ট্রের তালিকা

This is a list of sovereign states giving an overview of states around the world with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty.

The list contains 206 entries. The states are divided using two distinct methods:

The membership within the United Nations system column divides the states into two categories: 193 member states and one observer state in the United Nations,^[১] and 12 other states.
The sovereignty disputes column divides the states into two categories: 16 states whose sovereignty is disputed and 190 other states.

Compiling a list such as this can be a difficult and controversial process, as there is no definition that is binding on all the members of the community of nations concerning the criteria for statehood. For more information on the criteria used to determine the contents of this list, please see the criteria for inclusion section below.

দেশের তালিকা

বাংলা, ইংরেজী, সরকারী, জাতীয় ও রাষ্ট্রের অন্যান্য গুরুত্বপূ্র্ণ ভাষায় দেশের নাম ^{[Note ১]}	জাতিসংঘ ব্যবস্থায় অবস্থান ^{[Note ২]}	সার্বভৌমত্ব বিষয়ে দ্বন্দ্ব ^{[Note ৩]}	রাজনৈতিক অবস্থান ও সার্বভৌমত্বের স্বীকৃতি সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য ^{[Note ৫]}
A AAA	A AAA	A AAA
ZZZ↓ জাতিসংঘের সদস্য দেশ or observer states ↓	A AAA	ZZZ
ZZZআবখাজিয়া → আবখাজিয়া		None
Afghanistan – Afghanistan Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Persian: جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان – افغانستان → Afgānestān – Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afgānestān Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت – افغانستان → Afghānistān –Afghānistān Islāmī Jumhūrīyat	A জাতিসংঘের সদস্য দেশ	A None
Albania – Republic of Albania Albanian: Shqipëria – Republika e Shqipërisë	A জাতিসংঘের সদস্য দেশ	A None
আলজেরিয়া – People's Democratic Republic of আলজেরিয়া Arabic: الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية – الجزائر → Al Jazā'ir – Al Jumhūrīyah al Jazā'irīyah ad Dīmuqrāţīyah ash Sha‘bīyah	A জাতিসংঘের সদস্য দেশ	A None
Andorra – Principality of Andorra Catalan: Andorra – Principat d’Andorra	A জাতিসংঘের সদস্য দেশ	A None	Andorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell,^[৩] who himself is appointed by the Vatican.
Angola – Republic of Angola Portuguese: Angola – República de Angola	A জাতিসংঘের সদস্য দেশ	A None
Antigua and Barbuda English: Antigua and Barbuda	A জাতিসংঘের সদস্য দেশ	A None	Antigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realm^{[Note ৬]} with 1 autonomous region, Barbuda.^{[Note ৭]}^[৪]
আর্জেন্টিনা – Argentine Republic ^{[Note ৮]} Spanish: আর্জেন্টিনা – República আর্জেন্টিনা	A জাতিসংঘের সদস্য দেশ	A None	আর্জেন্টিনা is a federation of [[Provinces of আর্জেন্টিনা\| Criteria for inclusion The dominant customary international law standard of statehood is the declarative theory of statehood that defines the state as a person of international law if it "possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states." Debate exists on the degree to which recognition should be included as a criterion of statehood. The declarative theory of statehood, an example of which can be found in the Montevideo Convention, argues that statehood is purely objective and recognition of a state by other states is irrelevant. On the other end of the spectrum, the constitutive theory of statehood defines a state as a person under international law only if it is recognized as sovereign by other states. For the purposes of this list, included are all states that either: (a) have declared independence and are often regarded as having control over a permanently populated territory or (b) are recognized as a sovereign state by at least one other sovereign state Note that in some cases there is a divergence of opinion over the interpretation of the first point, and whether an entity satisfies it is disputed. On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 206 entities:^[৫]^{[Note ৯]} 203 states recognized by at least one UN member state Two states that control a permanently populated territory and are recognized only by non-UN member states: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic,Transnistria One state that controls a permanently populated territory and is not recognized by any other state: Somaliland See also ISO 3166-1 List of country-name etymologies List of international rankings List of states with limited recognition List of micronations List of sovereign states by date of formation List of territorial disputes Lists of sovereign states by year Sovereign state Table of administrative divisions by country টেমপ্লেট:Clickable world map Terra nullius Notes ↑ The names of the items in the list are given in Bengali English, as well as in the official, national, major minority, and historically important languages of the state. Where applicable, names in other languages are included in their original script, along with a transliteration in Roman characters. Except where mentioned, the source for the names in their official languages is the জাতিসংঘ Group of Experts on Geographical Names(UNGEGN, retrieved 24 February 2011), which uses romanisation systems approved by the জাতিসংঘ. The sources for flags are the main articles on these states. When other sources are used, these sources are mentioned. For a gallery of flags, see Gallery of sovereign-state flags. ↑ This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the জাতিসংঘ.^[২] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the জাতিসংঘ System through membership in the আন্তর্জাতিক পরমাণু শক্তি সংস্থা or one of the specialized agencies of the জাতিসংঘ. All জাতিসংঘ members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the আন্তর্জাতিক ন্যায়বিচার আদালত. ↑ This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed. Minor territorial disputes are detailed in theFurther information.. column. ↑ উদ্ধৃতি ত্রুটি: `<ref>` ট্যাগ বৈধ নয়; `EU` নামের সূত্রটির জন্য কোন লেখা প্রদান করা হয়নি ↑ Information is included on: the extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition, membership in the ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়ন,^{[Note ৪]} where applicable, any overseas dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state, federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state, any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state, any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state, any major territorial disputes, any governments in exile recognised by at least one state. ↑ Commonwealth realms are members of the কমনওয়েলথ অফ নেশনস in which the head of state is Queen দ্বিতীয় এলিজাবেথ. The realms are sovereign states; see Relationship of the realms. ↑ For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see the List of autonomous areas by country. ↑ The Argentine Constitution (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for আর্জেন্টিনা: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation. ↑ The non-state sovereign entity Order of Malta is not included. It claims neither statehood nor any territory. Entities considered to be micronations are not included. It is often up to debate whether a micronation truly controls its claimed territory. Also omitted from this list are all uncontacted peoples, either who live in societies that cannot be defined as states or whose statuses as such are not definitively known. References ↑ "United Nations Member States"। United Nations। ৩ জুলাই ২০০৬। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৩০ আগস্ট ২০১০। ↑ Press Release ORG/1469 (3 July 2006), retrieved 28 February 2011) ↑ "Andorra country profile"। BBC News। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৮ নভেম্বর ২০১১। ↑ Government of Antigua and Barbuda। "Chapter 44: The Barbuda Local Government Act" (পিডিএফ)। Laws of Antigua and Barbuda। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০১০-১১-১০। ↑ The following bullets are grouped according to the availability of sources for the two criteria ((a) and/or (b)). This arrangement is not intended to reflect the relative importance of the two theories. Additional details are discussed in the state's individual entries. Bibliography Federal Foreign Office of Germany (২২ এপ্রিল ২০০৯)। "Amtliche Bezeichnungen ausländischer Staaten in den Landessprachen" (PDF)। Government of Germany। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০১০-০৭-১৪। Bissio, Roberto Remo, সম্পাদক (১৯৯৫)। The World: A Third World Guide: 1995/96। Montevideo: Instituto del Tercer Mundo। আইএসবিএন 9780855982911। ওসিএলসি 476299738। "Countries or areas, codes and abbreviations"। Statistics Division, United Nations। ১ এপ্রিল ২০১০। Davis, Tim (১৯ ফেব্রুয়ারি ২০০৯)। "World Countries and States List"। Timdavis.com.au। "Geographic Names" (পিডিএফ)। Department of Public Information, Cartographic Section, United Nations। ৭ সেপ্টেম্বর ২০০০। "ISO 3166-1 Country names and code elements"। International Organization for Standardization। ২০১০। "List of countries, territories and currencies"। Publications Office of the European Union। ৪ মে ২০১০। Madore, David (৩ আগস্ট ২০০৩)। "How many countries are there in the world?"। Madore.org। "The World Factbook"। United States: Central Intelligence Agency। ২০১০। World of Information (Firm), and International Chamber of Commerce (২০০৩)। Middle East Review 2003/04: The Economic and Business Report (27th সংস্করণ)। London: Kogan Page। পৃষ্ঠা 161। আইএসবিএন 9780749440664। ওসিএলসি 51992589। টেমপ্লেট:Lists of countries and territories by continent টেমপ্লেট:Lists by country টেমপ্লেট:Lists of sovereign states by year টেমপ্লেট:Link FL

[2] The names of the items in the list are given in Bengali English, as well as in the official, national, major minority, and historically important languages of the state. Where applicable, names in other languages are included in their original script, along with a transliteration in Roman characters. Except where mentioned, the source for the names in their official languages is the জাতিসংঘ Group of Experts on Geographical Names(UNGEGN, retrieved 24 February 2011), which uses romanisation systems approved by the জাতিসংঘ. The sources for flags are the main articles on these states. When other sources are used, these sources are mentioned. For a gallery of flags, see Gallery of sovereign-state flags.

[4] This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the জাতিসংঘ.^[২] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the জাতিসংঘ System through membership in the আন্তর্জাতিক পরমাণু শক্তি সংস্থা or one of the specialized agencies of the জাতিসংঘ. All জাতিসংঘ members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the আন্তর্জাতিক ন্যায়বিচার আদালত.

[5] This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed. Minor territorial disputes are detailed in theFurther information.. column.

[EU-6] উদ্ধৃতি ত্রুটি: <ref> ট্যাগ বৈধ নয়; EU নামের সূত্রটির জন্য কোন লেখা প্রদান করা হয়নি

[7] Information is included on:
the extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,

membership in the ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়ন,^{[Note ৪]} where applicable,

any overseas dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,

federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,

any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,

any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,

any major territorial disputes,

any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.

[6] the extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,

[7] rship in the ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়ন,^{[Note ৪]} where applicable,

[8] y overseas dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,

[9] ral structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,

[10] y autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,

[11] y situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,

[12] y major territorial disputes,

[13] y governments in exile recognised by at least one state.

[realm-9] Commonwealth realms are members of the কমনওয়েলথ অফ নেশনস in which the head of state is Queen দ্বিতীয় এলিজাবেথ. The realms are sovereign states; see Relationship of the realms.

[autonomous-10] For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see the List of autonomous areas by country.

[12] The Argentine Constitution (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for আর্জেন্টিনা: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation.

[micros-14] The non-state sovereign entity Order of Malta is not included. It claims neither statehood nor any territory. Entities considered to be micronations are not included. It is often up to debate whether a micronation truly controls its claimed territory. Also omitted from this list are all uncontacted peoples, either who live in societies that cannot be defined as states or whose statuses as such are not definitively known.

[unms-1] "United Nations Member States"। United Nations। ৩ জুলাই ২০০৬। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৩০ আগস্ট ২০১০।

[3] Press Release ORG/1469 (3 July 2006), retrieved 28 February 2011)

[8] "Andorra country profile"। BBC News। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৮ নভেম্বর ২০১১।

[11] Government of Antigua and Barbuda। "Chapter 44: The Barbuda Local Government Act" (পিডিএফ)। Laws of Antigua and Barbuda। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০১০-১১-১০।

[13] The following bullets are grouped according to the availability of sources for the two criteria ((a) and/or (b)). This arrangement is not intended to reflect the relative importance of the two theories. Additional details are discussed in the state's individual entries.

[১]

[Note ১]

[Note ২]

[Note ৩]

[Note ৫]

[৩]

[Note ৬]

[Note ৭]

[৪]

[Note ৮]

[৫]

[Note ৯]

[২]

[Note ৪]

দেশের তালিকা

Criteria for inclusion

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography