An objective means based on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of five hairs per ind... more An objective means based on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of five hairs per individual is presented for distinguishing between individuals with anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa from non-clinical individuals (i.e. clinically normal controls). Using discriminant analysis, an algorithm has been developed that provides both sensitivity and specificity of 80% in making diagnoses of individuals with these eating disorders. With further refinements, the results suggest that it may be also possible to distinguish between individuals with anorexia or bulimia. Finally, the study shows the value of conducting blind tests and using larger sample sizes of both control and treatment groups. Both groups are needed to validate the diagnostic value of a method and to provide measures of sensitivity and specificity of any diagnostic test. 3368 K. A. Hatch et al.
Animal models have historically provided an appropriate benchmark for understanding human patholo... more Animal models have historically provided an appropriate benchmark for understanding human pathology, treatment, and healing, but few animals are known to naturally develop intervertebral disc degeneration. The study of degenerative disc disease and its treatment would greatly benefit from a more comprehensive, and comparable animal model. Alpacas have recently been presented as a potential large animal model of intervertebral disc degeneration due to similarities in spinal posture, disc size, biomechanical flexibility, and natural disc pathology. This research further investigated alpacas by determining the prevalence of intervertebral disc degeneration among an aging alpaca population. Twenty healthy female alpacas comprised two age subgroups (5 young: 2-6 years; and 15 older: 10+ years) and were rated according to the Pfirrmann-grade for degeneration of the cervical intervertebral discs. Incidence rates of degeneration showed strong correlations with age and spinal level: younger alpacas were nearly immune to developing disc degeneration, and in older animals, disc degeneration had an increased incidence rate and severity at lower cervical levels. Advanced disc degeneration was present in at least one of the cervical intervertebral discs of 47% of the older alpacas, and it was most common at the two lowest cervical intervertebral discs. The prevalence of intervertebral disc degeneration encourages further investigation and application of the lower cervical spine of alpacas and similar camelids as a large animal model of intervertebral disc degeneration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has surface roots with enhanced activity upon canopy closure that s... more Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has surface roots with enhanced activity upon canopy closure that should allow application of phosphorus (P) via fertigation. Fertilizer trials were conducted in 2005-2006 with four pre-plant broadcast (0, 112, 224, or 336 kg P2O5 ha-1) and two ...
... have been used to evaluate atmospheric circulation ([Kirby et al., 2002] and [Rademacher et a... more ... have been used to evaluate atmospheric circulation ([Kirby et al., 2002] and [Rademacher et al., 2002]) and paleo-climate reconstructions have been made using the deuterium excess factor of groundwaters in the Sahara, Jordan Rift Valley and Europe ([Edmunds and Wright ...
Silica-supported iron catalysts (Fe=SiO 2 , FePt=SiO 2 , and FePtK=SiO 2 ) were prepared using a ... more Silica-supported iron catalysts (Fe=SiO 2 , FePt=SiO 2 , and FePtK=SiO 2 ) were prepared using a novel nonaqueous (acetone) evaporative deposition technique. This preparation leads to relatively well-dispersed iron phases at modest (10%) metal loadings. Moreover, catalytic activities of these catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are high and comparable to industrially relevant precipitated iron catalysts. Catalyst activities were tested following a nonregular L18 orthogonal array that enabled the number of 150-h activity tests to be reduced from 54 to 18; this statistical design was augmented with five additional runs to provide replication. Primary independent variables affecting catalysts' activity were promoter type, pretreatment gas composition (H 2 , H 2 =CO, or CO), pretreatment temperature (250, 280, or 320 C), and reaction temperature (250 or 265 C); iron carbide level measured from Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy was correlated with activity in a separate analysis. Activity was found to increase in the order Fe=SiO 2 , FePt=SiO 2 , and FePtK=SiO 2 . For a given catalyst composition, activity increases to a maximum with increasing pretreatment temperature and increasing time. Catalyst activity was also positively correlated with increasing chi-carbide content for Fe=SiO 2 and FePt=SiO 2 catalysts but not for FePtK=SiO 2 . While pretreatment atmosphere greatly influences initial activitytime behavior, activity is less dependent on pretreatment after about 150 h of reaction. Steady-state methane and C 2þ hydrocarbon selectivities (CO 2 -free basis) for the FePtK=SiO 2 catalyst at 250-265 C, 10 atm, and H 2 =CO ¼ 1 are 7-9 and 91-93%, respectively, while its hydrocarbon productivity at 250 C (normalized to 15 atm, H 2 =CO ¼ 0:7) of 0.27 g HC=g cat =h is comparable to those reported for unsupported precipitated iron catalysts of high activity and selectivity. These results indicate that preparation of an active, selective, stable, attrition-resistant supported iron catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is feasible. Promise for additional improvements in catalyst performance through application of advanced preparation methods and optimization of catalyst chemical and physical properties is also indicated.
... Data were collected from 5 rural Andean villages (GPS-verified altitude of 2795-3240 m) in th... more ... Data were collected from 5 rural Andean villages (GPS-verified altitude of 2795-3240 m) in the Lago San Pablo region of northeastern Ecuador during the dry season. Ecuadorians divide the year into a dry and a rainy season. ... 11. Sackey ME, Weigel M, Armijos RX. ...
The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and the World Organization for Anima... more The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and the World Organization for Animal Health have called for a better understanding of the role that migrating birds may play in spreading H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Bird banding, traditionally used in studies of migration, is limited by low recapture rates. Telemetry can only be applied to larger species and a limited number of birds. We show that analyses of multiple stable isotopes (d 13 C, d 15 N, d 18 O and dD) can provide an understanding of the number of breeding populations represented at large congregations of wintering birds, probable locations of these breeding populations, and which breeding populations do not contribute migrants to a wintering site. As Asia is thought to be the origin of many HPAI strains and the center of their evolution, and as bird migration is poorly understood in this part of the world, we recommend that, in addition to banding, satellite, and VHF telemetry, the stable isotope analysis of migration patterns should become a part of long-term surveillance studies.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has surface roots with enhanced activity upon canopy closure that s... more Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has surface roots with enhanced activity upon canopy closure that should allow application of phosphorus (P) via fertigation. Fertilizer trials were conducted in 2005-2006 with four pre-plant broadcast (0, 112, 224, or 336 kg P2O5 ha-1) and two ...
The purpose of this study was to develop, digitally record, evaluate, and psychometrically equate... more The purpose of this study was to develop, digitally record, evaluate, and psychometrically equate a set of Mandarin bisyllabic word lists for use in measurement of speech discrimination. Familiar bisyllabic words were digitally recorded by male and female talkers of Standard Mandarin. Percentage of correct word recognition was measured for each word at ten intensity levels ( -5 to 40 dB HL) in 5 dB increments using 20 normally hearing subjects. Using logistic regression, 200 words with the steepest logistic regression slopes were included in four psychometrically equivalent word lists of 50 words each, and eight half-lists of 25 words each. To increase auditory homogeneity of the lists, the intensity of words in each list was digitally adjusted so that the threshold of each list was equal to the midpoint between the mean thresholds of the male and female half-lists. Digital recordings of the psychometrically equivalent word recognition lists are available on compact disc.
This study identified the criteria that are valued among Internet users when rating and accessing... more This study identified the criteria that are valued among Internet users when rating and accessing health information on the World Wide Web. Participants (N = 578) successfully completed a Web-based survey by ranking 12 criteria for evaluating health information. Then, by applying those same evaluation criteria, rated the quality of three preselected health-related websites and indicated their preference for one of the three sites. Six criteria including content, design and aesthetics, currency of information and contact addresses were significant predictors for selecting high-quality health information on the Internet. However, compared to their perceived importance, participants' perceptions about quality health information on the Internet were not consistent when selecting quality websites. This study identified the implications for evaluation criteria among Internet users, health professionals and website developers.
Increased intensity in precipitation events and longer periods of water deficit are predicted as ... more Increased intensity in precipitation events and longer periods of water deficit are predicted as a general trend under future climate scenarios with potentially large effects on terrestrial ecosystem function. The primary objective of this study was to understand how variation in the intensity of precipitation inputs followed by intermittent soil drying events influence leaf and ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water exchange in a California annual grassland mesocosm experiment. We further examined how nitrogen (N) availability, and differences in plant community composition (grass-forb combinations) affected gas exchange responses to the precipitation treatments. Net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (NEE) and evapotranspiration (ET) increased significantly with greater precipitation and were positively correlated with soil moisture. A repeated 10-day soil drying period, following 11 days of watering, strongly depressed NEE over a range of annual precipitation totals (297, 657 and 987 mm), and plant community types. Ecosystem dark respiration (R e ) and leaf level photosynthesis (A max ) showed greater sensitivity to periods of soil drying in the low precipitation plots (297 mm). N additions significantly increased NEE and R e , particularly as water availability was increased. Across the range of precipitation totals and plant community types, intermittent periods of soil moisture deficit and native soil N availability constrained leaf and ecosystem level CO 2 exchange, while the influence on water vapor exchange was less pronounced.
... have been used to evaluate atmospheric circulation ([Kirby et al., 2002] and [Rademacher et a... more ... have been used to evaluate atmospheric circulation ([Kirby et al., 2002] and [Rademacher et al., 2002]) and paleo-climate reconstructions have been made using the deuterium excess factor of groundwaters in the Sahara, Jordan Rift Valley and Europe ([Edmunds and Wright ...
Growth form and substrate influences on elemental accumulation patterns were investigated in four... more Growth form and substrate influences on elemental accumulation patterns were investigated in four lichen species. Two fruticose species (Usnea amblyoclada on rock and Usnea hirta on bark) and two foliose species (Flavoparmelia caperata on rock and Flavopunctelia flaventior on bark) were collected below Massai Point in Chiricahua National Monument in southeastern Arizona, U.S.A. Samples were analyzed for 14 elements. A two-way ANOVA model was used to examine the relationships between substrate and growth form (independent variables) on element accumulation (dependent variable) patterns in lichen samples. In the ANOVA model the growth form variable was significant for K, Ca, Ti, Ba, Fe, Ni Cu, Zn, Pb, Rb, and Sr while the substrate variable was significant for K, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Rb, and Sr. A significant interaction between the two class variables was observed for P, K, Ti, Mn, Fe Ni, Rb, and Sr. Accumulation of sulfur appeared to be independent of both growth form and substrate influences. In this study growth form was a key factor affecting element accumulation patterns in lichens. It is proposed that thallus continuity and orientation, which partially define growth form characteristics, influenced the accumulation of elements from airborne and substrate sources.
Hydrothermal time models are used to predict seed germination over time in seedling establishment... more Hydrothermal time models are used to predict seed germination over time in seedling establishment models. Soil matric potential data from three resistance-type sensors (Colman cells [Soiltest, Inc. Lakebluff, Illinois, USA], Watermark brand sensors [Irrometer Co., Riverside, California, USA], and Delmhorst gypsum blocks [Delmhorst Instrument Company, Towaco, New Jersey, USA]), from a time-domain reflectometry (TDR) probe (Campbell Scientific 615 [Campbell Scientific,
A persistent problem of information security is the threat of organizational insiders, an example... more A persistent problem of information security is the threat of organizational insiders, an example of which is the unauthorized access of information. A long-standing solution to this 5 problem is the principle of least privilege, which requires that systems users be given the minimum amount of access privilege required to complete a task. However, this solution is partial. While it limits access and therefore the risk of unauthorized access, it does not prevent the abuse of access privileges properly granted. In addition, in many financial, ...
Effectiveness of Blank-Out Overhead Dynamic Advance Warning Signals at High-Speed Signalized Inte... more Effectiveness of Blank-Out Overhead Dynamic Advance Warning Signals at High-Speed Signalized Intersections. [Journal of Transportation Engineering 133, 564 (2007)]. Grant G. Schultz, PE, M.ASCE, Ryan Peterson, Dennis L. Eggett, Bradley C. Giles. Abstract. ...
An objective means based on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of five hairs per ind... more An objective means based on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of five hairs per individual is presented for distinguishing between individuals with anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa from non-clinical individuals (i.e. clinically normal controls). Using discriminant analysis, an algorithm has been developed that provides both sensitivity and specificity of 80% in making diagnoses of individuals with these eating disorders. With further refinements, the results suggest that it may be also possible to distinguish between individuals with anorexia or bulimia. Finally, the study shows the value of conducting blind tests and using larger sample sizes of both control and treatment groups. Both groups are needed to validate the diagnostic value of a method and to provide measures of sensitivity and specificity of any diagnostic test. 3368 K. A. Hatch et al.
Animal models have historically provided an appropriate benchmark for understanding human patholo... more Animal models have historically provided an appropriate benchmark for understanding human pathology, treatment, and healing, but few animals are known to naturally develop intervertebral disc degeneration. The study of degenerative disc disease and its treatment would greatly benefit from a more comprehensive, and comparable animal model. Alpacas have recently been presented as a potential large animal model of intervertebral disc degeneration due to similarities in spinal posture, disc size, biomechanical flexibility, and natural disc pathology. This research further investigated alpacas by determining the prevalence of intervertebral disc degeneration among an aging alpaca population. Twenty healthy female alpacas comprised two age subgroups (5 young: 2-6 years; and 15 older: 10+ years) and were rated according to the Pfirrmann-grade for degeneration of the cervical intervertebral discs. Incidence rates of degeneration showed strong correlations with age and spinal level: younger alpacas were nearly immune to developing disc degeneration, and in older animals, disc degeneration had an increased incidence rate and severity at lower cervical levels. Advanced disc degeneration was present in at least one of the cervical intervertebral discs of 47% of the older alpacas, and it was most common at the two lowest cervical intervertebral discs. The prevalence of intervertebral disc degeneration encourages further investigation and application of the lower cervical spine of alpacas and similar camelids as a large animal model of intervertebral disc degeneration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has surface roots with enhanced activity upon canopy closure that s... more Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has surface roots with enhanced activity upon canopy closure that should allow application of phosphorus (P) via fertigation. Fertilizer trials were conducted in 2005-2006 with four pre-plant broadcast (0, 112, 224, or 336 kg P2O5 ha-1) and two ...
... have been used to evaluate atmospheric circulation ([Kirby et al., 2002] and [Rademacher et a... more ... have been used to evaluate atmospheric circulation ([Kirby et al., 2002] and [Rademacher et al., 2002]) and paleo-climate reconstructions have been made using the deuterium excess factor of groundwaters in the Sahara, Jordan Rift Valley and Europe ([Edmunds and Wright ...
Silica-supported iron catalysts (Fe=SiO 2 , FePt=SiO 2 , and FePtK=SiO 2 ) were prepared using a ... more Silica-supported iron catalysts (Fe=SiO 2 , FePt=SiO 2 , and FePtK=SiO 2 ) were prepared using a novel nonaqueous (acetone) evaporative deposition technique. This preparation leads to relatively well-dispersed iron phases at modest (10%) metal loadings. Moreover, catalytic activities of these catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are high and comparable to industrially relevant precipitated iron catalysts. Catalyst activities were tested following a nonregular L18 orthogonal array that enabled the number of 150-h activity tests to be reduced from 54 to 18; this statistical design was augmented with five additional runs to provide replication. Primary independent variables affecting catalysts' activity were promoter type, pretreatment gas composition (H 2 , H 2 =CO, or CO), pretreatment temperature (250, 280, or 320 C), and reaction temperature (250 or 265 C); iron carbide level measured from Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy was correlated with activity in a separate analysis. Activity was found to increase in the order Fe=SiO 2 , FePt=SiO 2 , and FePtK=SiO 2 . For a given catalyst composition, activity increases to a maximum with increasing pretreatment temperature and increasing time. Catalyst activity was also positively correlated with increasing chi-carbide content for Fe=SiO 2 and FePt=SiO 2 catalysts but not for FePtK=SiO 2 . While pretreatment atmosphere greatly influences initial activitytime behavior, activity is less dependent on pretreatment after about 150 h of reaction. Steady-state methane and C 2þ hydrocarbon selectivities (CO 2 -free basis) for the FePtK=SiO 2 catalyst at 250-265 C, 10 atm, and H 2 =CO ¼ 1 are 7-9 and 91-93%, respectively, while its hydrocarbon productivity at 250 C (normalized to 15 atm, H 2 =CO ¼ 0:7) of 0.27 g HC=g cat =h is comparable to those reported for unsupported precipitated iron catalysts of high activity and selectivity. These results indicate that preparation of an active, selective, stable, attrition-resistant supported iron catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is feasible. Promise for additional improvements in catalyst performance through application of advanced preparation methods and optimization of catalyst chemical and physical properties is also indicated.
... Data were collected from 5 rural Andean villages (GPS-verified altitude of 2795-3240 m) in th... more ... Data were collected from 5 rural Andean villages (GPS-verified altitude of 2795-3240 m) in the Lago San Pablo region of northeastern Ecuador during the dry season. Ecuadorians divide the year into a dry and a rainy season. ... 11. Sackey ME, Weigel M, Armijos RX. ...
The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and the World Organization for Anima... more The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and the World Organization for Animal Health have called for a better understanding of the role that migrating birds may play in spreading H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Bird banding, traditionally used in studies of migration, is limited by low recapture rates. Telemetry can only be applied to larger species and a limited number of birds. We show that analyses of multiple stable isotopes (d 13 C, d 15 N, d 18 O and dD) can provide an understanding of the number of breeding populations represented at large congregations of wintering birds, probable locations of these breeding populations, and which breeding populations do not contribute migrants to a wintering site. As Asia is thought to be the origin of many HPAI strains and the center of their evolution, and as bird migration is poorly understood in this part of the world, we recommend that, in addition to banding, satellite, and VHF telemetry, the stable isotope analysis of migration patterns should become a part of long-term surveillance studies.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has surface roots with enhanced activity upon canopy closure that s... more Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has surface roots with enhanced activity upon canopy closure that should allow application of phosphorus (P) via fertigation. Fertilizer trials were conducted in 2005-2006 with four pre-plant broadcast (0, 112, 224, or 336 kg P2O5 ha-1) and two ...
The purpose of this study was to develop, digitally record, evaluate, and psychometrically equate... more The purpose of this study was to develop, digitally record, evaluate, and psychometrically equate a set of Mandarin bisyllabic word lists for use in measurement of speech discrimination. Familiar bisyllabic words were digitally recorded by male and female talkers of Standard Mandarin. Percentage of correct word recognition was measured for each word at ten intensity levels ( -5 to 40 dB HL) in 5 dB increments using 20 normally hearing subjects. Using logistic regression, 200 words with the steepest logistic regression slopes were included in four psychometrically equivalent word lists of 50 words each, and eight half-lists of 25 words each. To increase auditory homogeneity of the lists, the intensity of words in each list was digitally adjusted so that the threshold of each list was equal to the midpoint between the mean thresholds of the male and female half-lists. Digital recordings of the psychometrically equivalent word recognition lists are available on compact disc.
This study identified the criteria that are valued among Internet users when rating and accessing... more This study identified the criteria that are valued among Internet users when rating and accessing health information on the World Wide Web. Participants (N = 578) successfully completed a Web-based survey by ranking 12 criteria for evaluating health information. Then, by applying those same evaluation criteria, rated the quality of three preselected health-related websites and indicated their preference for one of the three sites. Six criteria including content, design and aesthetics, currency of information and contact addresses were significant predictors for selecting high-quality health information on the Internet. However, compared to their perceived importance, participants' perceptions about quality health information on the Internet were not consistent when selecting quality websites. This study identified the implications for evaluation criteria among Internet users, health professionals and website developers.
Increased intensity in precipitation events and longer periods of water deficit are predicted as ... more Increased intensity in precipitation events and longer periods of water deficit are predicted as a general trend under future climate scenarios with potentially large effects on terrestrial ecosystem function. The primary objective of this study was to understand how variation in the intensity of precipitation inputs followed by intermittent soil drying events influence leaf and ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water exchange in a California annual grassland mesocosm experiment. We further examined how nitrogen (N) availability, and differences in plant community composition (grass-forb combinations) affected gas exchange responses to the precipitation treatments. Net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (NEE) and evapotranspiration (ET) increased significantly with greater precipitation and were positively correlated with soil moisture. A repeated 10-day soil drying period, following 11 days of watering, strongly depressed NEE over a range of annual precipitation totals (297, 657 and 987 mm), and plant community types. Ecosystem dark respiration (R e ) and leaf level photosynthesis (A max ) showed greater sensitivity to periods of soil drying in the low precipitation plots (297 mm). N additions significantly increased NEE and R e , particularly as water availability was increased. Across the range of precipitation totals and plant community types, intermittent periods of soil moisture deficit and native soil N availability constrained leaf and ecosystem level CO 2 exchange, while the influence on water vapor exchange was less pronounced.
... have been used to evaluate atmospheric circulation ([Kirby et al., 2002] and [Rademacher et a... more ... have been used to evaluate atmospheric circulation ([Kirby et al., 2002] and [Rademacher et al., 2002]) and paleo-climate reconstructions have been made using the deuterium excess factor of groundwaters in the Sahara, Jordan Rift Valley and Europe ([Edmunds and Wright ...
Growth form and substrate influences on elemental accumulation patterns were investigated in four... more Growth form and substrate influences on elemental accumulation patterns were investigated in four lichen species. Two fruticose species (Usnea amblyoclada on rock and Usnea hirta on bark) and two foliose species (Flavoparmelia caperata on rock and Flavopunctelia flaventior on bark) were collected below Massai Point in Chiricahua National Monument in southeastern Arizona, U.S.A. Samples were analyzed for 14 elements. A two-way ANOVA model was used to examine the relationships between substrate and growth form (independent variables) on element accumulation (dependent variable) patterns in lichen samples. In the ANOVA model the growth form variable was significant for K, Ca, Ti, Ba, Fe, Ni Cu, Zn, Pb, Rb, and Sr while the substrate variable was significant for K, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Rb, and Sr. A significant interaction between the two class variables was observed for P, K, Ti, Mn, Fe Ni, Rb, and Sr. Accumulation of sulfur appeared to be independent of both growth form and substrate influences. In this study growth form was a key factor affecting element accumulation patterns in lichens. It is proposed that thallus continuity and orientation, which partially define growth form characteristics, influenced the accumulation of elements from airborne and substrate sources.
Hydrothermal time models are used to predict seed germination over time in seedling establishment... more Hydrothermal time models are used to predict seed germination over time in seedling establishment models. Soil matric potential data from three resistance-type sensors (Colman cells [Soiltest, Inc. Lakebluff, Illinois, USA], Watermark brand sensors [Irrometer Co., Riverside, California, USA], and Delmhorst gypsum blocks [Delmhorst Instrument Company, Towaco, New Jersey, USA]), from a time-domain reflectometry (TDR) probe (Campbell Scientific 615 [Campbell Scientific,
A persistent problem of information security is the threat of organizational insiders, an example... more A persistent problem of information security is the threat of organizational insiders, an example of which is the unauthorized access of information. A long-standing solution to this 5 problem is the principle of least privilege, which requires that systems users be given the minimum amount of access privilege required to complete a task. However, this solution is partial. While it limits access and therefore the risk of unauthorized access, it does not prevent the abuse of access privileges properly granted. In addition, in many financial, ...
Effectiveness of Blank-Out Overhead Dynamic Advance Warning Signals at High-Speed Signalized Inte... more Effectiveness of Blank-Out Overhead Dynamic Advance Warning Signals at High-Speed Signalized Intersections. [Journal of Transportation Engineering 133, 564 (2007)]. Grant G. Schultz, PE, M.ASCE, Ryan Peterson, Dennis L. Eggett, Bradley C. Giles. Abstract. ...
Uploads
Papers by Dennis Eggett