A fuckload of classic literature:
- 1984 by George Orwell
- A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens
- A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce
- A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens
- Aesop’s Fables by Aesop
- Agnes Grey by Anne Brontë
- Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Caroll
- Andersen’s Fairy Tales by Hans Christian Andersen
- Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery
- Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy
- Around the World in 80 Days by Jules Verne
- Beyond Good and Evil by Friedrich Nietzsche
- Bleak House by Charles Dickens
- Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky
- David Copperfield by Charles Dickens
- Down and Out in Paris and London by George Orwell
- Dracula by Bram Stoker
- Dubliners by James Joyce
- Emma by Jane Austen
- Erewhon by Samuel Butler
- For the Term of His Natural Life by Marcus Clarke
- Frankenstein by Mary Shelley
- Great Expectations by Charles Dickens
- Grimms Fairy Tales by the brothers Grimm
- Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift
- Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad
- Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte
- Kidnapped by Robert Louis Stevenson
- Lady Chatterly’s Lover by D. H. Lawrence
- Les Miserables by Victor Hugo
- Little Women by Louisa May Alcott
- Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert
- Middlemarch by George Eliot
- Moby Dick by Herman Melville
- Northanger Abbey by Jane Austen
- Nostromo: A Tale of the Seaboard by Joseph Conrad
- Notes from the Underground by Fyodor Dostoevsky
- Of Human Bondage by W. Somerset Maugham
- Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens
- Paradise Lost by John Milton
- Persuasion by Jane Austen
- Pollyanna by Eleanor H. Porter
- Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
- Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe
- Sense and Sensibility, by Jane Austen
- Sons and Lovers by D. H. Lawrence
- Swanns Way by Marcel Proust
- Tarzan of the Apes by Edgar Rice Burroughs
- Tender is the Night by F. Scott Fitzgerald
- Tess of the d’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy
- The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain
- The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain
- The Brothers Karamazov, by Fyodor Dostoevsky
- The Great Gatsby
- The Hound of the Baskervilles by Arthur Conan Doyle
- The Idiot by Fyodor Dostoevsky
- The Iliad by Homer
- The Island of Doctor Moreau by H. G. Wells
- The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling
- The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper
- The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving
- The Odyssey by Homer
- The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood by Howard Pyle
- The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka
- The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde
- The Portrait of a Lady by Henry James
- The Prince by Nicolo Machiavelli
- The Scarlet Pimpernel by Baroness Orczy
- The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson
- The Tales of Mother Goose by Charles Perrault
- The Thirty Nine Steps by John Buchan
- The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Duma
- The Time Machine by H. G. Wells
- The Trial by Franz Kafka
- The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells
- Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson
- Ulysses by James Joyce
- Utopia by Sir Thomas More
- Vanity Fair by William Makepeace Thackeray
- Within A Budding Grove by Marcel Proust
- Women In Love by D. H. Lawrence
- Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë
Click on the motherfucking Hypelinks bitches.
Here! Have a fuckload of modern literature, too!
- A Clockwork Orange - Anthony Burgess
- A Study In Scarlet - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
- Abraham Lincoln, Vampire Hunter - Seth Grahame-Smith
- An Abundance of Katherines - John Green
- Artemis Fowl - Eoin Colfer
- Bossypants - Tina Fey
- Breakfast At Tiffany’s - Truman Capote
- Bridget Jones’s Diary - Helen Fielding
- Catcher In The Rye - J.D. Salinger
- Charlie And The Chocolate Factory - Roald Dahl
- City of Bones - Cassandra Clare
- Clockwork Angel - Cassandra Clare
- Damned - Chuck Palahniuk
- Darkly Dreaming Dexter - Jeff Lindsay
- Dead Until Dark - Charlaine Harris
- Ender’s Game - Orson Scott Card
- Everything Is Illuminated - Jonathan Safran Foer
- Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close - Jonathan Safran Foer
- Fahrenheit 451 - Ray Bradbury
- Fight Club - Chuck Palahniuk
- Go The Fuck To Sleep - Adam Mansbach
- I Am America (And So Can You!) - Stephen Colbert
- I Am Number Four - Pittacus Lore
- Inkheart - Cornelia Funke
- It - Stephen King
- Life of Pi - Yann Martel
- Lolita - Vladmir Nabokov
- Marked - Kristin Cast
- Memoirs Of A Geisha - Arthur Golden
- My Sister’s Keeper - Jodi Picoult
- Never Let Me Go - Kazuo Ishiguro
- One Day - David Nicholls
- Paper Towns - John Green
- Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightening Thief - Rick Riordan
- Pretty Little Liars - Sara Shepard
- Slaughterhouse Five - Kurt Vonnegut
- Snow White And The Huntsman - Lily Blake
- The Book Thief - Markus Zusak
- The Bourne Identity - Robert Ludlum
- The Giver - Lois Lowry
- The Hunger Games - Suzanne Collins
- The Kite Runner - Khaled Hosseini
- The Lovely Bones - Alice Sebold
- The Notebook - Nicholas Sparks
- The Outsiders - S.E. Hinton
- The Perks of Being A Wallflower - Stephen Chbosky
- The Princess Diaries - Meg Cabot
- The Things They Carried - Tim O’Brien
- The Time Traveler’s Wife - Audrey Niffenegger
- The Ultimate Hitchhiker’s Guide To The Galaxy - Douglas Adams
- Tuesdays With Morrie - Mitch Albom
- Uglies - Scott Westerfeld
- Vampire Diaries: The Awakening - L.J. Smith
- Water For Elephants - Sara Gruen
- Wicked - Gregory Maguire
yes yes i do!! sorry it took so long i’ve just been back and forth all day today with no time to just sit down lmao
* = i’m reasonably sure there are some more triggers than ones i’ve mentioned but i can’t remember them
young adult
- howl’s moving castle by dianna wynne jones (it has sequels but you can read it as a standalone easily)
- on the jellicoe road by melina marchetta
- you know me well by nina lacour and david levithan
- last night i sang to the monster by benjamin alire saenz (tw for drugs, alcohol, abuse)*
- the star-touched queen by roshani chokshi
- i’ll give you the sun by jandy nelson
- a monster calls by patrick ness
- the rest of us just live here by patrick ness
- the catcher in the rye by j d salinger
- i am the messenger by markus zusak
- the darkest part of the forest by holly black
- a hero at the end of the world by erin claiborne
- the miseducation of cameron post by emily m danforth (tw for homophobia)*
- aristotle and dante discover the secrets of the universe by benjamin alire saenz
- salt to the sea by ruta sepetys
- the coldest girl in coldtown by holly black
- the princess and the captain by anne laure bondoux
- grasshopper jungle by andrew smith
- know not why by hannah johnson
- since you’ve been gone by morgan matson
- postcards from no man’s land by aidan chambers
- the strange and beautiful sorrows of ava lavender by leslye walton (tw for rape)
- the outsiders by s e hinton
- how to repair a mechanical heart by j c lillis
- more than this by patrick ness (tw for suicide)
- looking for alibrandi by melina marchetta (tw for suicide)
- far from you by tess sharpe (tw for drug abuse)
- lies we tell ourselves by robin talley (tw for racism)
- fan art by sarah tregay
- friday brown by vikki wakefield *
- the eagle of the ninth by rosemary sutcliff
- everything leads to you by nina lacour
- the vigilante poets of selwyn academy by kate hattemer
- fans of the impossible life by kate scelsa (tw for sexual abuse)*
- the absolutely true diary of a part-time indian by sherman alexie
- hoot by carl hiaasen
- hero by perry moore
- airman by eoin colfer
- starseeker by tim bowler
- snakehead by ann halam (tw for sexual abuse?)
- nimona by noelle stevenson
- simon vs the homo sapiens agenda by becky albertalli
- code name verity by elizabeth wein
- unrest by michelle harrison
- wonder by r j palacio
- second chance summer by morgan matson
- because you’ll never meet me by leah thomas (again getting a sequel tho)
- momentum by saci lloyd
- you don’t know me by david klass (tw for child abuse)
- written in the stars by aisha saeed (tw for rape)
- the summer of chasing mermaids by sarah ockler
- a northern light by jennifer donnelly (tw for rape?)
- the square root of summer by harriet reuter hapgood
- the last elf by silvana de mari
- the sky is everywhere by jandy nelson
- orangeboy by patrice lawrence (tw for drug abuse)
- sprout by dale peck
- jasper jones by craig silvey
new adult
- cards on the table by josh lanyon
- kulti by mariana zapata
- the wall of winnipeg and me by mariana zapata
- a ghost of a chance by josh lanyon
- bonds of earth by g n chevalier
- lone star by josh lanyon
- stranger on the shore by josh lanyon
adult
- the reluctant fundamentalist by mohsin hamid
- of mice and men by john steinbeck
- the kite runner by khaled hosseini (tw for rape, murder)*
- deathless by catherynne m valente
- a thousand splendid sun by khaled hosseini (tw for murder, torture)*
- les miserables by victor hugo
- the secret history by donna tartt
- robopocalypse by daniel h wilson (ok so it technically has a sequel but like pls read it anyway)
- persuasion by jane austen
- the song of achilles by madeline miller
- spies by michael frayn
- stonemouth by iain banks
- everything i never told you by celeste ng
- my name is n by robert karjel (tw for torture, murder)*
- half of a yellow sun by chimamanda ngozi adichie *
- vicious by v e schwab (tho it’s getting a sequel!!!)
- burial rites by hannah kent
- if nobody speaks of remarkable things by jon mcgregor
- the shock of the fall by nathan filer
- amped by daniel h wilson
- we are all completely beside ourselves by karen joy fowler
- the martian by andy weir
- the princess bride by william goldman
- catch-22 by joseph heller
- city of shadows by ariana franklin
- the lost city by henry shukman
- the sense of an ending by julian barnes
- the night circus by erin morgenstern
- stardust by neil gaiman
- rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead by tom stoppard
- after the fire, a still small voice by evie wyld
(sorry, i don’t do book recs in moderation….)
first of all, i want to say that i’m no master in space lol. i’m not studying it in college or uni, i’m not planning to have job in this field in the future, nothing like that. but i really REALLY love space and different paradoxes/theories which are connected to our universe and spacetime and i love studying and searching about this by myself so i want to share resources (books and tv-series) which helped me to understand our universe better
as many people, i started with popular tv-series. these are extremely helpful. little note: you can watch them in no particular order:
- the universe (2007-)
- through the wormhole (2010-)
- cosmos: a spacetime odyssey (2014)
- how the universe works (2010-2015)
if you want to expend your knowledge or just prefer reading books, these some of the my suggestions. i haven’t read them all but some of them were read by my friend who i trust with this theme. little note: this order is an order in which i read books/plan to read them, but you can change it however you want:
- stephen hawking, “the brief history of time”
- stephen hawking, “the briefer history of time” (it’s basically the updated version of the previous book where some newer theories were added)
- stephen hawking, “the universe in a nutshell”
- stephen hawking, “the grand design”
- neil tyson, “space chronicles: facing the ultimate frontier”
- neil tyson, “death by black hole: and other cosmic quandaries”
- marcia bartusiak, “black hole: how an idea abandoned by newtonians, hated by einstein, and gambled on by hawking became loved”
- brian greene, “the hidden reality”
- brian greene, “the elegant universe”
- steven gubser, “the little book of string theory”
- michio kaku, “beyond einstein: the cosmic quest for the theory of the universe”
- john gribbin, “in search of multiverse”
- jim al-khalili, “paradox”
i’m not gonna lie, you have to have at least basics knowledge of physics to fully understand what these authors are writing about. it was difficult for me so i decided to refresh my memory in physics (at least school level) before continue reading. but some of the books are written in really simple language so it’s easy to understand the basic concepts. if you have any other suggestions on this theme, send them to me! i hope this was useful, now enjoy! :)
ps: if your first language is not english and you’re not sure you can understand physics concepts in english, you better read these books in your first language if you have this opportunity.
Do you need to distract yourself? Or are you simply bored? Here are some great websites to make the time pass.
- create pixel art
- Awesome photo editor and art program, all free…!
- Totally free transparent textures
- make a cute chibi
- draw some cool generative art
- be a graffiti creator
- create a picassohead (you don’t need to be a picasso to do so)
- paint online
- another awsome site to create pixel art on
- and another one
- create your own mandala
- or color one
- create an avatar
- or you can try creating your own superhero
- here you can interact with organisms in different environments to see how to music changes
- here’s a website that translates the time into hexidecimal colours,
- Here is a website where you can travel along a 3D line into the infinite unkown
- here is a website where you can listen to rain with or without music
- Need a model in a certain pose for drawing? here
- Want to build your own planet
- here is a website where you can create your own galaxies
- make your own pattern (very useful if you need a new background)
- create next hit comic
- make a city which looks like something from 90′s games
- draw a mandala like design
- jig saw puzzles
- more jig saw puzzles to solve
- create a stunning HTML5 animation - no coding!
- make a movie
- create and dress up dolls
- play a piano
- you can also play a guitar
- create sounds
- another sound creator
- create a logo
- design your dream home
- sketch rooms
- explore fashion trends and create your own sets
- build a website
- try this app for building a website
- Or maybe start learning how to code!
- design your own t-shirt or a beanie or sweatpants and order them
- design your own phone case
- pretend to be a graphic designer with this cool online tool
- Make your own Glitch art
- Here’s another glitch art maker
- And another!
- Holy hell, here’s a third!
- make an image look like it was created by a commodore 64
- freaking cool text generator!
- Easy to use word processor
- Make up really cool patterns or run your photos through it :)
- Write an essay on anything with no hassle
- Wanna see how something you write would look like if it was on JacksFilms YGS((Your Grammar Sucks videos on YouTube))?
- Make pictures out of text
- ASCII word generator
- Need an idea for some fanart-here :D
Still haven’t found something that would float your boat? Try these:
- watch a documentary
- learn to code
- do something yourself
- workout with the help of this great youtube channels
- learn things
- play pokemon or zelda or other awesome old school games
- waste your time on miniclip
- play games at additing games
- or try games at agame
- calm your thoughts
- the quiet place
- it will be okay
- vent or listen to someone
- pour out your soul
- explore the sky
- look at art from around the world
- virtually visit museum of iraq
- explore world with arounder
- create a music playlist
- list through rare books
- scroll useful science website
- create sand art
- brain games
- try out tastekid and discover new favorite band or movie or book
- interactive 3D anatomy
- random street view
- post a secret
- create a family tree
- find our what’s the difference between x and y
- help scientists and become volunteer researcher
- create your own font
- read a classic short story
- In the mood to read, but not sure exactly what book to go for?
- scribble on maps
- listen to letters
- play with acrobots
- listen to podcasts
- make a bucket list
- Ever want to see the most truly useless websites in creation?
- Prank a friend with this blue screen of death!
- Zone out watching the colors drip down
Maybe none of these peeked your interest-maybe you’ve been wanting to create an o.c, but never really knew how to start-or you just enjoy making O.C’s….
This masterlist is to help you in making your own OCs….it can also apply to developing RP characters i suppose! (´ヮ`)!
How to Write Better OCs:
- basic tips on how to make your oc even better
- tragic backstory? learn how to write one/make yours great
- writing specific characters
- a wordier, great guide on how to develop your character
- kick out those vague descriptions and make them AWESOME
Character Development:
- how to actually make an OC
- Q&A (to develop characters)
- more Q&As
- giving your character a backstory
- how to write an attractive character
Need an Appearance idea?
- Humanoid generator? check
- Here’s another one
- and maybe if you didn’t like those this’ll work
- Need Monsterpeople?
- Well, then here ya’ go
- Maybe you need Cats?
Diversity
- adding more racial diversity
- avoiding tokenism, AKA, how to add diversity to your cast not just because you “need” it
- writing sexuality and gender expression (doesnt include non binary, if you have a good ref to that, please add on!)
- masterpost on writing more diversity into your story
- cultures of the world
- guides to drawing different ethnicities (not just a great art reference, but also really helpful in appearance descriptions!)
Mary Sue/Gary Stu
- Test to see if your character is a Sue
- Explains subdivisions of Sues/Stus
- Powerful Characters Don’t Have to Be Sues
Villains
- villain generator
- need an evil sounding name for your evil character? bam
- villain archetypes
- what’s your villain’s motive for being a villain?
Relationships
- character perceptions (What your character thinks of themselves and what others think of them)
- how to write strong relationships between two characters
- 8 ways to write better characters and develop their relationships with others
- OCxLove Interest Handbook
- develop your couple with good ol’ Q&A!
- how to write realistic relationships
- how to write relatives for your characters (this is more OC related to a canon character, but will help in writing family members in general)
ARCHETYPES
- 12 common archetypes
- 8 archetypes for male/female characters
- female archetypes (goes pretty indepth from two main categories)
- a list of archetypes
NAMES
APPEARANCE
- tips for better design
- basic appearance generator
- pinterest board for character design (includes NSFW and images of skeletons/exposed muscle (?) so tread carefully!)
- clothing ref masterpost
- Clothing generator
- Another clothing generator
- More clothing generator
- Aaaand even more
- Steam punk clothing
- Char Style preference
- Dress Generator
DETAILS
- give your character better powers
- a list of professions
- proactive vs reactive characters
- positive and negative traits
- interest generator
- skills generator
- motivation generator
- 123 ideas for character flaws
- list of phobias
- Oh shit someone died
- Backgrounds and stuff? yep
- Quirks
- Personality. you need that shit
- Need something fandom related?
- City generator hell yeah
- location? got ya
- World-building?
- make your own god damn laws
- Landscape.
Need Item names?
- Fantasy/sci-fi/etc. medicine names
- Stuff to make things more interesting.Weapons, clothes, treasures… whatever your characters need.
- Item & Artifact Generators
Other stuffs!
For those of you with anxiety
- here’s a website that translates the time into hexidecimal colours,
- here is a website where you can create your own galaxies
- here is a website where you can play flow
- here you can interact with organisms in different environments to see how to music changes
- here you can play silk which is an interactive generative art designing website.
- Here is a website where you can travel along a 3D line into the infinite unkown
- here is a website where you can listen to rain with or without music
I. ORGANIZATION/PRODUCTIVITY
how to make your study space cute and organized
the best bullet journal tutorial
5 things to have in your school bag
II. NOTE TAKING
note-taking cheat sheet [1] [2] [3]
how to take lecture notes [1] [2]
visual note-taking [1] [2] [3] [4]
III. STUDYING
studying methods based on learning type
how to study like a straight A student
how to pull an all-nighter (only if absolutely necessary!!!)
IIII. EXTRAS
An insanely helpful masterpost that links to more masterposts…but I promise you it’s worth reading! And has super cute ideas hehe
- how to write a resume
- how to protect your home against break-ins
- effortlessly earn cash from polls online
- reasons to take a foreign language
- harsh truths
- questions to ask in an interview
- getting an apartment
- list of jobs based on social interaction levels
- long distance relationships: how to stay in contact
- how to find a college
- marriage
- how to ask for a recommendation letter
- how to choose a college major
- what to do if your wallet is stolen/lost
- budgeting
- how to write a cover letter
- how to handle a phone interview
- how to get a copy of your birth certificate
- first-time flying tips
- how to ask a good question
Speak Italian: The Fine Art of the Gesture by Bruno Munari
Here’s information about sexual/romantic orientations and gender identities that I put together! I..I don’t do graphic design, so this isn’t that great. Also, I’m very sorry if I missed your orientation or identity or got some information wrong. Sources: (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) Flags: (1) Top photo: (1)
I hope this helps some of you out!
@ mom
Heyo, so school is fast approaching, and seeing as Tumblr is made up of a lot of younger users who will soon be shipping off to college or university soon, I thought I would take it upon myself to help spread my knowledge of essay-writing. Essay-writing is my thing. I love it. I live for it. It’s how I make up for my shitty test marks, and still get by with an 85 average+ in University classes. I’m a historian by trade, so perhaps this information will seem a bit off from what you’re used to, but hopefully, It’ll help you out. If you have any questions, feel free to shoot me an ask.
1. Consider your question and find your thesis.
I know, I know. People always say, no! Never start with your thesis/intro paragraph! Go to the body!! Well i’m here to say forget everything you’ve been told. Forget that, forget the stupid hamburger shit they teach you, forget it all and start reading.
I ALWAYS start with my thesis. Why? Because you cannot make good paragraphs without knowing what you’re researching. You need direction, and a thesis is your map.
So, the question we’ll use shall be: What is one way in which the Union won the American Civil War?
Now remember, your thesis is your map. It shows you where to go, what to look for. The thesis is the heart and soul of all your work. You want a good, solid thesis. What does that include, you ask?
- An idea
- A reason for said idea
- Evidence to support said reason, and thus validate the idea.
So, lets do an example. Let’s say I’m writing on the use of media during the American Civil War. I like photography, and wrote a paper on this in my second year, but im gonna be doing this example freehand(idk where I put that essay lol) so lets work with how I got an A+ on that paper. This will be my idea:
“Photography during the American Civil War influenced the war’s outcome in the Norths favour.”
This is VERY vague. This is an example of a thesis in bloom! Let’s take it further. Look at the above. What questions would you have from this thesis?
- -Who was taking photos at that time?
- -Why did it influence the outcome?
- -How did it influence the outcome?
- -Who consumed photography as a media at that time?
This is where you STOP, and start the next step.
2. Research
Start your basic research with your idea, and the above questions in mind. Look at libraries, ask your professor or TA or librarian, or just do some basic google searches to get to know the subject(but for the love of god if you include a google link in your citation I will personally hunt you down and castrate you.)
I like to start with the basics of any inquiry: WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY, HOW. Who was taking photos? Where were they displayed that caused influence? ect…These, in relation to your beginner thesis, will help guide you in what form your thesis will take.
Once you’ve finished that, and have a general feel for the time period, go back to your thesis.
3. THESIS 2.0
Go back to your original question: What is one way in which the Union won the American Civil War? Now look at your thesis again. It’s too vague, isn’t it?
As you can see, our original thesis was too vague to be a real thesis. So, we NARROW IT DOWN using our WWWWWH progress we focused on during early research!
“Photography during the American Civil war influenced the war’s outcome by providing a visual for ordinary citizens about the horrors of war, and thus helping to increase donations and awareness to the cause.”
Great! But once again, too vague! Questions that may arise include:
- Who was taking the photos
- Evidence for donations?
- Evidence for social awareness?
So, we NARROW IT DOWN again. I’m going to use Andrew Gardner’s photography during the Civil war, as he was one of the most famous and influential at the time.
“Andrew Gardner’s photography during the American Civil war influenced the war’s outcome by providing a visual for ordinary citizens about the horrors of war, and thus helping to increase donations and enlistment in the Union through awareness to the cause…”
The above then gives us the following(why and how are sometimes grouped together):
- Who: Andrew Gardner
- What: Photography helped the north win the war.
- Where: Union-aka northern states
- When: American Civil War
- Why/How: Because Andrew Gardner’s photography raised social awareness through this new and budding medium
Use this sort of outline to guide you in the next step!
4. Now that we have a thesis, you need to do some more research and evidence gathering.
The way I like to do this is to go check out a few books from the library(look for text books in particular), and leaf through the index for matching terms. Our matching terms would be:
Photography, civil war, Andrew Gardner, media
From there, you read over the pages, and see if any of the info relates to your subjects. Copy down quotes, page numbers, book title, author, publishing date and publisher. You need these for your bibliography. Pick and choose relevant information. The filter for relevant information relies entirely on your thesis, because it decides what you need to be looking for—this is why I hate when people tell me to start writing paragraphs before I write a thesis! It’s simply impossible and counter productive, and will cost you hours in revision.
So, gather your information from the library, and cross-reference with peer-reviewed articles and data. For our thesis, we would need data on enlistment numbers in an area after a date of Andrew Gardner’s photography exhibit showcases. No matter what type of essay you’re writing, you can always back up your evidence with data, and it won’t hurt one bit. Don’t be afraid of the numbers, kids!
So, if we were to go back to our thesis, we could now expand on it like this:
“Andrew Gardner’s photography during the American Civil war influenced the war’s outcome by providing a visual for ordinary citizens about the horrors of war, and thus helping to increase donations and enlistment in the Union through awareness to the cause. An increase in donations and enlistment in relation to exposure to Gardners work is seen in data/evidence point A, as well as in data/evidence point B, which will be fully outlined in the points below.”
This gives you an example of how to lead from a thesis, to your opening paragraph.
5. Data and Evidence Justifications—Paragraph making
This is the section where you can branch your essay into your data and evidence points you gathered in steps 2 and 4. You can have as many paragraphs as you like, just make sure your evidence and data is strong and supported. I personally like to work with my thesis copied and pasted onto the top of every page I write on. This keeps you on track, with your clear goal in mind, and will help you from straying. I will give you an example of how a paragraph might sound.
Andrew Gardner’s photography during the American Civil War became heavily influential upon the American population at the time, particularly the north, wherein which his work was showcased. The influence of Gardner’s photographic works is seen in the _____, which shows us that without the influence of Gardner’s media influence, war efforts and awareness may not have been as successful as they had been.
This is an alright opener for you to work with. The ___ is where you could put in your data point or evidence piece. The point of the paragraph is to show your support for your thesis by confirming it with evidence.
Your paragraphs should take this form:
- Present, Confirm, Conclude, Lead.
You present your evidence, confirm its relation to the thesis and confirm the validity of the thesis, conclude by brief revision of evidence, and then lead into your next paragraph.
6. Conclusion
Your conclusionary paragraph should be a look-over of the above paragraphs. Restate your thesis, present a summarized version of your paragraphs(one or two sentences only), and perhaps take the time to look at your own views on the subject. An example might look like this:
“Taking a moment to step away from the above mentioned evidence, I believe it to be scholarly acceptable and even necessary to state my own views on the subject presented. In drawing conclusions, I felt that the above information was correct in that it presented a reality of the time period, in which photography was becoming a medium to be embraced by popular society. People were not only astounded by Gardner’s photographs on a social level, but also a technical level. The astonishment people held at seeing the war-torn battle fields spurred them into action, and even today can still present feelings of dread, fear and loss when looking at his photos…blah blah blah”
Why is it scholarly acceptable and perhaps necessary to state your views? Oftentimes, it is to reassure the reader of your own personal bias’, which exist whether you like them or not, to the subject at hand. Having a small tidbit on your own thoughts about your research ect, breaking away from the third-person droning of an essay can be refreshing and welcoming for a prof at the end of his stack of essay reading.
7. In summary
- Thesis
- WWWWWH
- NARROW IT DOWN
- Data and Evidence
- Present, Confirm, Conclude, Lead
- Self opinions/Conclude
All in all, do unique things. Professors love it when they come across something that’s not cookie cutter! Even if they present you with a list of essay topics, take the leap and ask them if you can do your own research topic!! Take risks with your essay writing, talk to your professors about what you want to do, and try to have fun with your research. I’ve written on everything from civil war photography to Disney princesses in american media, to the religious formation of idea of heaven and earth. Remember, so long as there’s credible, documented evidence, it’s possible to write about it.
FOOD
- Find your nearest food bank or mission, for food
- grocery stores with free samples, bakeries + stores with day-old bread
- different fast food outlets have cheaper food and will generally let you hang out for a while.
- some dollar stores carry food like cans of beans or fruit
SHELTER
- Sleeping at beaches during the day is a good way to avoid suspicion and harassment
- sleep with your bag strapped to you, so someone can’t steal it
- Some churches offer short term residence
- Find your nearest homeless shelter
- Look for places that are open to the public
- A large dumpster near a wall can often be moved so that flipping up the lids creates an angled shelter to stay dry
HYGIENE
- A membership to the YMCA is usually only 10$, which has a shower, and sometimes laundry machines and lockers.
- Public libraries have bathrooms you can use
- Dollar stores carry low-end soaps and deodorant etc.
- Wet wipes are all purpose and a life saver
- Local beaches, go for a quick swim
- Some truck stops have showers you can pay for
- Staying clean is the best way to prevent disease, and potentially get a job to get back on your feet
- Pack 7 pairs of socks/undies, 2 outfits, and one hooded rain jacket
OTHER
- first aid kit
- sunscreen
- a travel alarm clock or watch
- mylar emergency blanket
- a backpack is a must
- downgrade your cellphone to a pay as you go with top-up cards
- sleeping bag
- travel kit of toothbrush, hair brush/comb, mirror
- swiss army knife
- can opener