Papers by Amalia Nuevo-Delaunay
International Journal of Historical Archaeology, 2017
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Historical Archaeology, 2012
During the 19th century, stockbreeding in Argentinean Patagonia started to advance over the area ... more During the 19th century, stockbreeding in Argentinean Patagonia started to advance over the area occupied by the local indigenous people, ethnographically known as Aónikenk or Tehuelches meridionales, introducing significant changes to their settlement patterns. Institutionally, indigenous peoples were circumscribed into specifically designed reserves. The archaeological record shows that particular individuals chose to marginalize themselves from these changes, both spatially and as a strategy to adapt to the new circumstances brought by the arrival of the stockbreeding community. These strategies are little known, as evidence of them was plunged into an “historical silence.” The analysis of two sites, Puesto Yatel and Puesto Quintillán, provides a wide range of material culture evidence for these processes, including architectural features, chipped-glass technology, metal, wood, lithic technology, and the archaeofaunal record. This new archaeological evidence is crucial for gaining a detailed understanding of 19th- and 20th-century indigenous communities in Patagonia.
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Diálogo andino, 2013
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Magallania (Punta Arenas), 2013
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Magallania (Punta Arenas), 2013
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Magallania (Punta Arenas), 2011
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MAGALLANIA, 2020
El proceso de ocupación estatal del espacio correspondiente a la actual provincia de Santa Cruz h... more El proceso de ocupación estatal del espacio correspondiente a la actual provincia de Santa Cruz hacia finales del siglo XIX involucró su progresiva división en unidades productivas (estancias) y fomentó el establecimiento de grupos criollo-europeos orientados a la cría de ganado ovino. En forma paralela se fueron creando áreas de “reserva”1 destinadas al establecimiento de familias de origen indígena. En relación con este proceso se presenta la información correspondiente a
cuatro sitios arqueológicos ocupados durante el siglo XX por familias de ascendencia Tehuelche/Aonikenk-Mapuche. La evidencia material relevada se focaliza sobre estructuras arquitectónicas y raspadores de vidrio. Dos sitios están ubicados en la antigua “reserva” de Lago Viedma (“Cerro Índice”), otro cercano a la misma -en el Hotel Punta del Lago- y, el último, en la Laguna Puesto Peter, lindante con la antigua “reserva” Camusu Aike, en la cuenca media del río Coyle. La nueva información amplía la variabilidad de contextos arqueológicos de tiempos históricos en Patagonia, a la vez que colabora con la visualización de los pueblos originarios.
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PLoS ONE, 2018
The procurement of high-quality lithic resources is amongst the most indicative processes of deci... more The procurement of high-quality lithic resources is amongst the most indicative processes of decision-making in the archaeology of early human groups peopling the Americas. Directly dated deposits from quarry workshops have been absent of the late Pleistocene record of South America. We present the results of the excavations of a high-quality translucent quartz crystal workshop that yielded radiocarbon-dated coherently layered stratigraphic deposits that shed light into the behavior of the initial stages of lithic procurement. Based on a detailed analysis of the context of the Valiente site (32˚S, Chile, South America), we discuss the stages of bifacial production of point technology. The deposit produced evidence of cumulative occupations over the period between 12,630 and 11,320 calibrated years before present. This ~1,300-year span is coincidental with a major environmental step-wise drying trend as indicated by the local and regional pollen records. Furthermore, it is synchronous to the process in which natural landscapes became the earliest taskscapes in the region, thereby encompassing major cultural changes related to the organization of the land use. These results are discussed in the frame of contemporaneous archaeological data to discuss specific aspects of technology and decision-making of the earliest settlers of South America.
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Central Western Patagonia (CWP) is a key area for assessing long-distance procurement of high-qua... more Central Western Patagonia (CWP) is a key area for assessing long-distance procurement of high-quality obsidians throughout the Holocene given that almost all relevant types represented in the archaeological record are exotic to this region. By using surface and stratigraphic obsidian artifacts from archaeological sites compared to standards from known sources in Patagonia, this paper discusses the spatial and
temporal distribution of this lithic material. Sampling was oriented to assemblages from deposits with radiocarbon-based time frames (10,700-300 cal BP). This paper presents geochemical (ICP-MS) analyses of 178 samples from 58 archaeological sites at 11 surveyed areas located along the Pacific coast, the Andean forest, and eastern steppe. Out of six potential sources, the Chaiten Volcano source (Los Lagos Region, Chile) dominates exclusively the occurrence of obsidians along the coastal fringe, while the Pampa del Asador source (PDA, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina) largely dominates (86% of samples) obsidian in the eastern steppe and the forest/steppe ecotone. This broad distribution is explained by the presence of the densely forested Andean mountain range acting as a biogeographical barrier. East of the Andes, we recorded an absolute dominance of PDA south of 45 30S, while more variability prevailed north of this point. The highest diversity of obsidians was recorded in the Cisnes River valley, probably because it is located closer to other alternative northern sources (Telsen/Sierra Negra, Sacanana and Angostura Blanca, all in Chubut Province, Argentina) and because it also hosts a local low-quality obsidian type. Based on this distribution, we discuss obsidian procurement behaviors by considering obsidian frequency and tool/debitage-class representation with increasing distance. We use the analysis of fall-off curves based on the distance of studied locations from the sources and include the use of leastcost paths for providing the most likely procurement routes. No obsidian diversification was recorded during the Holocene, hence the main driver for its procurement seems to be the distance from the source rather than the antiquity of its knowledge. Alternative procurement behaviors are discussed, specifically direct acquisition, exchange, and/or sporadic visits as mechanisms for explaining the archaeological patterns throughout the Holocene .
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Quaternary International, 2018
Méndez, C., A. Nuevo Delaunay, O. Reyes, I.L. Ozán, C. Belmar, P. López 2018. The initial peoplin... more Méndez, C., A. Nuevo Delaunay, O. Reyes, I.L. Ozán, C. Belmar, P. López 2018. The initial peopling of Central Western Patagonia (southernmost South America): late Pleistocene through Holocene site context and archaeological assemblages from Cueva de la Vieja site. Quaternary International 473B: 261-277.
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Chungara Revista de Antropología Chilena
Méndez, C., O. Reyes, A. Nuevo Delaunay, E. Latorre 2017. Chenques en el centro oeste de Patagoni... more Méndez, C., O. Reyes, A. Nuevo Delaunay, E. Latorre 2017. Chenques en el centro oeste de Patagonia (Holoceno tardío final, valle de Ñirehuao, 45° S, Chile). Chungara, Revista de Antropología Chilena 49(3): 379-395. (FONDECYT 1130128).
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En este trabajo se presentan y discuten características del registro arqueofaunístico de dos
siti... more En este trabajo se presentan y discuten características del registro arqueofaunístico de dos
sitios ubicados en la meseta del Strobel ocupados durante el siglo XX por grupos familiares de ascendencia indígena: Puesto Yatel y Puesto Quintillán. Dado su carácter marginal para la ganadería, la meseta del Strobel fue ocupada en su totalidad tardíamente por las estancias ganaderas, siendo hasta entonces un lugar de “refugio” para familias de ascendencia indígena que optaron por no incorporarse al sistema de reservas indígenas vigentes. Inmersos en un contexto de creciente arrinconamiento y pérdida de tierras, dichos grupos familiares adoptaron nuevas estrategias económicas. Con el propósito de conocer en mayor profundidad estos cambios se presenta el análisis del material arqueofaunístico, centrado en los perfiles de representación de partes esqueletarias, la composición taxonómica de los conjuntos y los perfiles de edad. Asimismo se discute dicha información con la proveniente del análisis de la tecnología vítrea, lítica y arquitectónica de los sitios y las fuentes históricas. De este modo, se analiza el rol que tuvo la economía pastoril, el comercio y la caza en las estrategias desarrolladas por los ocupantes de los sitios y cómo estas se transformaron a lo largo del siglo XX.
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The forest-steppe ecotone of the eastern slope of the Andes in Central Western Patagonia (43° 40 ... more The forest-steppe ecotone of the eastern slope of the Andes in Central Western Patagonia (43° 40 ′ –49° 15 ′ S, Chile, South America) provides a unique area for assessing long and short term dynamics between humans and past environments. Central Western Patagonia was a demographically marginal zone inhabited intermittently and with low intensity by hunter-gatherers during the Holocene. This paper adopts a novel approach in order to assess the relationship between trends in the archeological, pollen, and charcoal records. The recognition of temporal and spatial scales in both archeology and paleoecology is crucial for defining roles in paleofire records. The main goal of the paper is to assess the role of climate and human beings as potential ignitors of wildfires by acknowledging the scales in which they operate and the different roles either one played in paleofire trends. We investigated a case study in the Cisnes River Valley (CRV) where the frequencies and magnitudes of fire episodes—reconstructed from macro-charcoal particles from the Lake Shaman intermoraine sequence—can be attributed to human action, while acknowledging the driving role of climate over broader time scales. The Lake Shaman charcoal record spanning the last 19,000 cal years is compared to the archeological record starting at 11,500 cal years BP. After comparing paleofires, reconstructed from the charcoal record, with peaks and troughs in the radiocarbon record and archeological evidence at local and site scales, we argue that this approach provides insights for assessing the timing and magnitude of human effects on the environment. We examine collation and correlation scenarios for comparative trends between the archeological, pollen, and charcoal records. The correlation of occupational events at the El Chueco 1 archeological site and other sites along the CRV with the results obtained at Lake Shaman is suggestive of a combination of human agency and climate drivers in the occurrence of fires during most of the Holocene.
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César Méndez, Omar Reyes, Amalia Nuevo Delaunay, Héctor Velásquez, Valentina Trejo, Natalie Horma... more César Méndez, Omar Reyes, Amalia Nuevo Delaunay, Héctor Velásquez, Valentina Trejo, Natalie Hormazábal, Marcelo Solari, and Charles R. Stern, 2016. LAS QUEMAS ROCKSHELTER: UNDERSTANDING HUMAN OCCUPATIONS OF ANDEAN FORESTS OF CENTRAL PATAGONIA (AISÉN, CHILE), SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA. Latin American Antiquity 27(2), 207–226. DOI: 10.7183/1045-6635.27.2.207
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Méndez, C., O. Reyes, V. Trejo y A. Nuevo Delaunay 2013. Ocupación humana de alto río Simpson, Ai... more Méndez, C., O. Reyes, V. Trejo y A. Nuevo Delaunay 2013. Ocupación humana de alto río Simpson, Aisén (margen occidental de la estepa de Patagonia Central) como caso para medir la intensidad de uso de espacios. En: Tendencias teórico-metodológicas y casos de estudio en la arqueología de la Patagonia, editado por A.F. Zangrando, R. Barberena, A. Gil, G. Neme, M. Giardina, L. Luna, C. Otaola, S. Paulides, L. Salgán y A. Tivoli., pp. 193-201. Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael-Sociedad Argentina de Antropología-Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, Buenos Aires. (FONDECYT 1090027).
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Papers by Amalia Nuevo-Delaunay
cuatro sitios arqueológicos ocupados durante el siglo XX por familias de ascendencia Tehuelche/Aonikenk-Mapuche. La evidencia material relevada se focaliza sobre estructuras arquitectónicas y raspadores de vidrio. Dos sitios están ubicados en la antigua “reserva” de Lago Viedma (“Cerro Índice”), otro cercano a la misma -en el Hotel Punta del Lago- y, el último, en la Laguna Puesto Peter, lindante con la antigua “reserva” Camusu Aike, en la cuenca media del río Coyle. La nueva información amplía la variabilidad de contextos arqueológicos de tiempos históricos en Patagonia, a la vez que colabora con la visualización de los pueblos originarios.
temporal distribution of this lithic material. Sampling was oriented to assemblages from deposits with radiocarbon-based time frames (10,700-300 cal BP). This paper presents geochemical (ICP-MS) analyses of 178 samples from 58 archaeological sites at 11 surveyed areas located along the Pacific coast, the Andean forest, and eastern steppe. Out of six potential sources, the Chaiten Volcano source (Los Lagos Region, Chile) dominates exclusively the occurrence of obsidians along the coastal fringe, while the Pampa del Asador source (PDA, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina) largely dominates (86% of samples) obsidian in the eastern steppe and the forest/steppe ecotone. This broad distribution is explained by the presence of the densely forested Andean mountain range acting as a biogeographical barrier. East of the Andes, we recorded an absolute dominance of PDA south of 45 30S, while more variability prevailed north of this point. The highest diversity of obsidians was recorded in the Cisnes River valley, probably because it is located closer to other alternative northern sources (Telsen/Sierra Negra, Sacanana and Angostura Blanca, all in Chubut Province, Argentina) and because it also hosts a local low-quality obsidian type. Based on this distribution, we discuss obsidian procurement behaviors by considering obsidian frequency and tool/debitage-class representation with increasing distance. We use the analysis of fall-off curves based on the distance of studied locations from the sources and include the use of leastcost paths for providing the most likely procurement routes. No obsidian diversification was recorded during the Holocene, hence the main driver for its procurement seems to be the distance from the source rather than the antiquity of its knowledge. Alternative procurement behaviors are discussed, specifically direct acquisition, exchange, and/or sporadic visits as mechanisms for explaining the archaeological patterns throughout the Holocene .
sitios ubicados en la meseta del Strobel ocupados durante el siglo XX por grupos familiares de ascendencia indígena: Puesto Yatel y Puesto Quintillán. Dado su carácter marginal para la ganadería, la meseta del Strobel fue ocupada en su totalidad tardíamente por las estancias ganaderas, siendo hasta entonces un lugar de “refugio” para familias de ascendencia indígena que optaron por no incorporarse al sistema de reservas indígenas vigentes. Inmersos en un contexto de creciente arrinconamiento y pérdida de tierras, dichos grupos familiares adoptaron nuevas estrategias económicas. Con el propósito de conocer en mayor profundidad estos cambios se presenta el análisis del material arqueofaunístico, centrado en los perfiles de representación de partes esqueletarias, la composición taxonómica de los conjuntos y los perfiles de edad. Asimismo se discute dicha información con la proveniente del análisis de la tecnología vítrea, lítica y arquitectónica de los sitios y las fuentes históricas. De este modo, se analiza el rol que tuvo la economía pastoril, el comercio y la caza en las estrategias desarrolladas por los ocupantes de los sitios y cómo estas se transformaron a lo largo del siglo XX.
cuatro sitios arqueológicos ocupados durante el siglo XX por familias de ascendencia Tehuelche/Aonikenk-Mapuche. La evidencia material relevada se focaliza sobre estructuras arquitectónicas y raspadores de vidrio. Dos sitios están ubicados en la antigua “reserva” de Lago Viedma (“Cerro Índice”), otro cercano a la misma -en el Hotel Punta del Lago- y, el último, en la Laguna Puesto Peter, lindante con la antigua “reserva” Camusu Aike, en la cuenca media del río Coyle. La nueva información amplía la variabilidad de contextos arqueológicos de tiempos históricos en Patagonia, a la vez que colabora con la visualización de los pueblos originarios.
temporal distribution of this lithic material. Sampling was oriented to assemblages from deposits with radiocarbon-based time frames (10,700-300 cal BP). This paper presents geochemical (ICP-MS) analyses of 178 samples from 58 archaeological sites at 11 surveyed areas located along the Pacific coast, the Andean forest, and eastern steppe. Out of six potential sources, the Chaiten Volcano source (Los Lagos Region, Chile) dominates exclusively the occurrence of obsidians along the coastal fringe, while the Pampa del Asador source (PDA, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina) largely dominates (86% of samples) obsidian in the eastern steppe and the forest/steppe ecotone. This broad distribution is explained by the presence of the densely forested Andean mountain range acting as a biogeographical barrier. East of the Andes, we recorded an absolute dominance of PDA south of 45 30S, while more variability prevailed north of this point. The highest diversity of obsidians was recorded in the Cisnes River valley, probably because it is located closer to other alternative northern sources (Telsen/Sierra Negra, Sacanana and Angostura Blanca, all in Chubut Province, Argentina) and because it also hosts a local low-quality obsidian type. Based on this distribution, we discuss obsidian procurement behaviors by considering obsidian frequency and tool/debitage-class representation with increasing distance. We use the analysis of fall-off curves based on the distance of studied locations from the sources and include the use of leastcost paths for providing the most likely procurement routes. No obsidian diversification was recorded during the Holocene, hence the main driver for its procurement seems to be the distance from the source rather than the antiquity of its knowledge. Alternative procurement behaviors are discussed, specifically direct acquisition, exchange, and/or sporadic visits as mechanisms for explaining the archaeological patterns throughout the Holocene .
sitios ubicados en la meseta del Strobel ocupados durante el siglo XX por grupos familiares de ascendencia indígena: Puesto Yatel y Puesto Quintillán. Dado su carácter marginal para la ganadería, la meseta del Strobel fue ocupada en su totalidad tardíamente por las estancias ganaderas, siendo hasta entonces un lugar de “refugio” para familias de ascendencia indígena que optaron por no incorporarse al sistema de reservas indígenas vigentes. Inmersos en un contexto de creciente arrinconamiento y pérdida de tierras, dichos grupos familiares adoptaron nuevas estrategias económicas. Con el propósito de conocer en mayor profundidad estos cambios se presenta el análisis del material arqueofaunístico, centrado en los perfiles de representación de partes esqueletarias, la composición taxonómica de los conjuntos y los perfiles de edad. Asimismo se discute dicha información con la proveniente del análisis de la tecnología vítrea, lítica y arquitectónica de los sitios y las fuentes históricas. De este modo, se analiza el rol que tuvo la economía pastoril, el comercio y la caza en las estrategias desarrolladas por los ocupantes de los sitios y cómo estas se transformaron a lo largo del siglo XX.
Buenos Aires, Argentina. 26 noviembre 2004.
Buenos Aires, Argentina. 30 septiembre 2003.