Protein structure

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There are four levels of structure found in polypeptides and proteins. Learn about the conformation levels of protein and polypeptide structure.

What are the four levels of protein structure, and how does the 3D structure of a protein relate to its function?

In 1960, the British biochemist John Kendrew used a method called ‘X-ray diffraction’ to photograph myoglobin at a 2 A resolution and became...

Research reveals new insights into 28,000 human disordered proteins, altering our understanding of protein structures and functions. Protein molecules lie at the heart of biology. Our typical understanding of proteins states that each type of protein has a specific three-dimensional shape that en

Protein structure is determined by amino acid sequences. Learn about the four types of protein structures: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.

Enzymes, which are produced by living cells, are catalysts in biochemical reactions (like digestion) and are usually complex or conjugated proteins. Eac...

NIH-funded study may inform the design of new therapies that cross the blood-brain barrier.

Fluorescence has two distinct stages, excitation stage and emission stage. It is a phenomenon where fluorescent chromophore absorbs a light photon, typically remains in an excited state for a few nanoseconds and then emits a lower energy photon. Both the efficiency of light absorption (ε) and the efficiency of photon emission from an excited fluorophore (Q) determine the intensity of a sample. Changes in either ε and/or Q will lead to changes in sample emission intensity.