The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Sep 3, 2021
As the urban population grows and the global economy develops, municipal solid waste management (... more As the urban population grows and the global economy develops, municipal solid waste management (MSWM) has become an increasingly prominent global issue. MSWM is particularly difficult in developing countries due to its high cost and time-consuming nature. The Environment-based design (EBD) can potentially contribute to global MSWM by reducing costs and increasing efficiency, especially in helping developing countries identify critical issues in MSWM. This paper uses and demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the EBD method to analyze and identify critical issues in MSWM, using the city of Nairobi as a case study. This paper contains the first two of EBD's three activities: environment analysis and conflict identification, during the design problem period, design knowledge, and design solutions simultaneously and interdependently evolve as a part of the environment. The comparison with the existing literature confirms that the conclusions reached are, to some extent, reliable, time-saving, and less costly, which will offer a possibility to solve the problem of MSWM in impoverished areas.
Design is a highly nonlinear chaotic dynamic process with many possible solutions, which requires... more Design is a highly nonlinear chaotic dynamic process with many possible solutions, which requires enormous knowledge for designers. This paper investigates how environment-based design (EBD) methodology can help designers use only necessary knowledge for their creativity based on three methods: information search, knowledge acquisition and knowledge application. The methods are applied in an aircraft pylon design, which is evaluated by two aerospace design specialists. The paper discussed the different roles of EBD for novice and expert designers in regard to overcoming emotion and knowledge barriers to achieving designer creativity.
In this paper, a novel approach is introduced for building semantic networks from scientific publ... more In this paper, a novel approach is introduced for building semantic networks from scientific publication abstracts. With a seed statement as input, the approach generates a semantic network using Recursive Object Modeling (ROM), Skip-gram language modelling, and semantic similarity methods. Semantic Scholar API was used to retrieve data for building the ROM-based Semantic Networks (RomNet) following Environment-Based Design (EBD) methodology. The RomNet is then applied to an aircraft braking system design. The work includes two major contributions: a ROM-based phrase extractor and a Skip-gram model trained on automatically collected publication abstracts data. The phrase extractor was compared with two existing off-the-shelf key phrase extraction algorithms, namely TextRank and Rake. The ROM-based phrase extractor is capable of extracting most key phrases from target domains and shows higher precision, recall, and F-1 scores than other methods. The Skip-gram language model was evalu...
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze theory of inventive problem-solving (TRIZ) in ter... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze theory of inventive problem-solving (TRIZ) in terms of knowledge, skill, workload and affect to understand its effectiveness in enabling designers to achieve their optimized mental performance. Design/methodology/approach TASKS framework, which aims to capture the causal relations among Task workload, affect, skills, knowledge and mental stress, is adopted as our methodology. The framework supports the analysis of how a methodology influence designer’s affect, skills, knowledge and workload. TRIZ-related publications are assessed using the TASKS framework to identify the barriers and enablers in TRIZ-supported design. Findings TRIZ has limitations on its logic and tools. Nevertheless, it could create a beneficial impact on mental performance of designers. Originality/value This paper provides a theory-driven TRIZ usability analysis based on the materials in the literature following the TASKS framework. The impact of TRIZ, as an enabler...
Sustainability is the capacity to enable the coexistence of both earth's biosphere and human civi... more Sustainability is the capacity to enable the coexistence of both earth's biosphere and human civilization. The basic premise of sustainability is that the earth's resources cannot be used, depleted, or damaged indefinitely (Portney 2015). Sustainability concerns with three major domains: environment, society, and economy (EPA 2015). Sub-domains of sustainability are cultural, technological, and political (James et al. 2014; Magee et al. 2013). The current strategies for achieving sustainability can generally be divided into three categories: population, affluence, and technology (Holdren, J. P., & Ehrlich 1974). The most promising path to sustainability is to develop new technologies that address the relationships among the environment, society, and economy, including the design, making, transporting, use, and disposal of the product. The foremost important task in sustainability is to conduct a holistic analysis of all factors concerned with the environment, society, and economy related to a product. The first paper, authored by Yang et al. and titled "Environment-Based Life Cycle Decomposition (eLCD): Adaptation of EBD to Sustainable Design", proposes a life cycle analysis tool named Environment-based life cycle decomposition (eLCD) to support the sustainable design during the conceptual design stage. In contrast to the existing analysis tools, which focus on the life cycle assessment of a product after the product is already designed or even made, eLCD helps designers effectively and efficiently collect information for sustainability related decisionmaking. In achieving the objective, eLCD decomposes the sustainability environment into three dimensions: environment types, life cycle events, and life cycle time. The environment types are designated as natural, built (including physical artifact and digital artifact), economic, and social environment. It is this holistic environment structure for sustainable conceptual design that makes sustainability is an integral part rather than a burden of the design. The effectiveness of eLCD is demonstrated by its application to the upscaling of a wind turbine, where an energy storage system is introduced to make full use of wind energy with the least waste in serving the electricity demand. The second paper, authored by Lee et al. and titled "Design Thinking with Appropriate Technology for Improving Social Sustainability: Critical and Comprehensive Criteria", develops criteria for integrating design thinking processes with appropriate technologies for improving social sustainability. The authors argue that current technology promotions are empathetically disconnected from local people and culture due to the lack of affordability, maintenance, and personal training. Five assumptions are proposed for promoting design thinking in the processes: 1) user-oriented design with mass productivity; 2) reiterative nature through user satisfaction surveys; 3) affordability for purchase, maintenance, and repair services; 4) local appropriateness; and 5) eco-friendliness with environmental sustainability. They applied the criteria to 28 representative cases from water, energy, health, shelter, and transportation fields. The cases were quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated using a comprehensive literature survey on the use of appropriate
Implementation is ubiquitous. The identification of barriers to implementation is critical for ac... more Implementation is ubiquitous. The identification of barriers to implementation is critical for achieving implementation success. This paper introduces and discusses a deductive theory-based framework, TASKS, to guide the identification of implementation barriers. The TASKS framework deals with the relationships between a Task and the task implementer’s Affect, Skills, and Knowledge, based on the inversed U-shaped mental Stress-mental effort relation. The TASKS framework classifies implementation barriers into four categories: 1) emotion barriers, 2) logic barriers, 3) knowledge barriers, and 4) resources barriers. The TASKS framework detects barriers to implementation following three steps, 1) identifying the ideal TASKS components, 2) modelling the implementer’s mental capability, and 3) detecting barriers to implementation. The TASKS framework can be applied to a wide range of disciplines for effective and efficient task implementation.
As sustainability becomes increasingly important, product design is taking a proactive role in pr... more As sustainability becomes increasingly important, product design is taking a proactive role in producing products that are both useful and sustainable. This paper introduces and discusses a tool named Environment-based life cycle decomposition (eLCD) to adapt the Environment-based Design (EBD) methodology to sustainable design. The eLCD brings to EBD three major features: 1) a holistic environment structure for sustainable conceptual design, 2) an effective and efficient tool for collecting information for sustainability decision-making, and 3) an analysis tool that takes sustainability as an integral part of the design rather than as a burden. The environment of a product is everything except the product itself, which can be defined in three dimensions, namely, environment types, life cycle events, and life cycle time. The environment types are designated as natural, built (including physical artifact and digital artifact), economic, and social environment. The eLCD provides an eff...
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Sep 3, 2021
As the urban population grows and the global economy develops, municipal solid waste management (... more As the urban population grows and the global economy develops, municipal solid waste management (MSWM) has become an increasingly prominent global issue. MSWM is particularly difficult in developing countries due to its high cost and time-consuming nature. The Environment-based design (EBD) can potentially contribute to global MSWM by reducing costs and increasing efficiency, especially in helping developing countries identify critical issues in MSWM. This paper uses and demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the EBD method to analyze and identify critical issues in MSWM, using the city of Nairobi as a case study. This paper contains the first two of EBD's three activities: environment analysis and conflict identification, during the design problem period, design knowledge, and design solutions simultaneously and interdependently evolve as a part of the environment. The comparison with the existing literature confirms that the conclusions reached are, to some extent, reliable, time-saving, and less costly, which will offer a possibility to solve the problem of MSWM in impoverished areas.
Design is a highly nonlinear chaotic dynamic process with many possible solutions, which requires... more Design is a highly nonlinear chaotic dynamic process with many possible solutions, which requires enormous knowledge for designers. This paper investigates how environment-based design (EBD) methodology can help designers use only necessary knowledge for their creativity based on three methods: information search, knowledge acquisition and knowledge application. The methods are applied in an aircraft pylon design, which is evaluated by two aerospace design specialists. The paper discussed the different roles of EBD for novice and expert designers in regard to overcoming emotion and knowledge barriers to achieving designer creativity.
In this paper, a novel approach is introduced for building semantic networks from scientific publ... more In this paper, a novel approach is introduced for building semantic networks from scientific publication abstracts. With a seed statement as input, the approach generates a semantic network using Recursive Object Modeling (ROM), Skip-gram language modelling, and semantic similarity methods. Semantic Scholar API was used to retrieve data for building the ROM-based Semantic Networks (RomNet) following Environment-Based Design (EBD) methodology. The RomNet is then applied to an aircraft braking system design. The work includes two major contributions: a ROM-based phrase extractor and a Skip-gram model trained on automatically collected publication abstracts data. The phrase extractor was compared with two existing off-the-shelf key phrase extraction algorithms, namely TextRank and Rake. The ROM-based phrase extractor is capable of extracting most key phrases from target domains and shows higher precision, recall, and F-1 scores than other methods. The Skip-gram language model was evalu...
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze theory of inventive problem-solving (TRIZ) in ter... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze theory of inventive problem-solving (TRIZ) in terms of knowledge, skill, workload and affect to understand its effectiveness in enabling designers to achieve their optimized mental performance. Design/methodology/approach TASKS framework, which aims to capture the causal relations among Task workload, affect, skills, knowledge and mental stress, is adopted as our methodology. The framework supports the analysis of how a methodology influence designer’s affect, skills, knowledge and workload. TRIZ-related publications are assessed using the TASKS framework to identify the barriers and enablers in TRIZ-supported design. Findings TRIZ has limitations on its logic and tools. Nevertheless, it could create a beneficial impact on mental performance of designers. Originality/value This paper provides a theory-driven TRIZ usability analysis based on the materials in the literature following the TASKS framework. The impact of TRIZ, as an enabler...
Sustainability is the capacity to enable the coexistence of both earth's biosphere and human civi... more Sustainability is the capacity to enable the coexistence of both earth's biosphere and human civilization. The basic premise of sustainability is that the earth's resources cannot be used, depleted, or damaged indefinitely (Portney 2015). Sustainability concerns with three major domains: environment, society, and economy (EPA 2015). Sub-domains of sustainability are cultural, technological, and political (James et al. 2014; Magee et al. 2013). The current strategies for achieving sustainability can generally be divided into three categories: population, affluence, and technology (Holdren, J. P., & Ehrlich 1974). The most promising path to sustainability is to develop new technologies that address the relationships among the environment, society, and economy, including the design, making, transporting, use, and disposal of the product. The foremost important task in sustainability is to conduct a holistic analysis of all factors concerned with the environment, society, and economy related to a product. The first paper, authored by Yang et al. and titled "Environment-Based Life Cycle Decomposition (eLCD): Adaptation of EBD to Sustainable Design", proposes a life cycle analysis tool named Environment-based life cycle decomposition (eLCD) to support the sustainable design during the conceptual design stage. In contrast to the existing analysis tools, which focus on the life cycle assessment of a product after the product is already designed or even made, eLCD helps designers effectively and efficiently collect information for sustainability related decisionmaking. In achieving the objective, eLCD decomposes the sustainability environment into three dimensions: environment types, life cycle events, and life cycle time. The environment types are designated as natural, built (including physical artifact and digital artifact), economic, and social environment. It is this holistic environment structure for sustainable conceptual design that makes sustainability is an integral part rather than a burden of the design. The effectiveness of eLCD is demonstrated by its application to the upscaling of a wind turbine, where an energy storage system is introduced to make full use of wind energy with the least waste in serving the electricity demand. The second paper, authored by Lee et al. and titled "Design Thinking with Appropriate Technology for Improving Social Sustainability: Critical and Comprehensive Criteria", develops criteria for integrating design thinking processes with appropriate technologies for improving social sustainability. The authors argue that current technology promotions are empathetically disconnected from local people and culture due to the lack of affordability, maintenance, and personal training. Five assumptions are proposed for promoting design thinking in the processes: 1) user-oriented design with mass productivity; 2) reiterative nature through user satisfaction surveys; 3) affordability for purchase, maintenance, and repair services; 4) local appropriateness; and 5) eco-friendliness with environmental sustainability. They applied the criteria to 28 representative cases from water, energy, health, shelter, and transportation fields. The cases were quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated using a comprehensive literature survey on the use of appropriate
Implementation is ubiquitous. The identification of barriers to implementation is critical for ac... more Implementation is ubiquitous. The identification of barriers to implementation is critical for achieving implementation success. This paper introduces and discusses a deductive theory-based framework, TASKS, to guide the identification of implementation barriers. The TASKS framework deals with the relationships between a Task and the task implementer’s Affect, Skills, and Knowledge, based on the inversed U-shaped mental Stress-mental effort relation. The TASKS framework classifies implementation barriers into four categories: 1) emotion barriers, 2) logic barriers, 3) knowledge barriers, and 4) resources barriers. The TASKS framework detects barriers to implementation following three steps, 1) identifying the ideal TASKS components, 2) modelling the implementer’s mental capability, and 3) detecting barriers to implementation. The TASKS framework can be applied to a wide range of disciplines for effective and efficient task implementation.
As sustainability becomes increasingly important, product design is taking a proactive role in pr... more As sustainability becomes increasingly important, product design is taking a proactive role in producing products that are both useful and sustainable. This paper introduces and discusses a tool named Environment-based life cycle decomposition (eLCD) to adapt the Environment-based Design (EBD) methodology to sustainable design. The eLCD brings to EBD three major features: 1) a holistic environment structure for sustainable conceptual design, 2) an effective and efficient tool for collecting information for sustainability decision-making, and 3) an analysis tool that takes sustainability as an integral part of the design rather than as a burden. The environment of a product is everything except the product itself, which can be defined in three dimensions, namely, environment types, life cycle events, and life cycle time. The environment types are designated as natural, built (including physical artifact and digital artifact), economic, and social environment. The eLCD provides an eff...
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