Papers by Uchechukwu G Ojukwu
arabianjbmr.com
... According to Ogbonna, (2005:32) other human rights problems, included infringements on freedo... more ... According to Ogbonna, (2005:32) other human rights problems, included infringements on freedom of speech, press, assembly, association, and travel; violence and discrimination against women; and female genital mutilation. ...
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Direct Research Journal of Social Science and Educational Studies, 2023
This paper analyzes democracy and 2023 Presidential election in Nigeria considering the wider set... more This paper analyzes democracy and 2023 Presidential election in Nigeria considering the wider set of factors that shaped the organization and the outcome. Elections are critical component to the survival of democratic system, just like a human being would find it impossible to exist without the heart. This implies that an election is the life-wire of democracy. In Nigeria, presidential elections are held every four years in order to select a President and Members of the National Assembly and State-level Assemblies. The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) is the agency that is saddled with the responsibility of the conduct of elections and other related matters. It is worthy to note that an enduring electoral system must be able to enlist the trust and confidence of the masses by ensuring that the number of votes cast in an election reflects the popularity and acceptance of the political parties and the candidates in such an election. However, there are innumerable disputes of carrying out plausible election by the electoral body. It must be clearly stated that ballot snatching, vote buying, bribery, corruption, violation of electoral rules, rigging, manipulation of results for the purposes of winning elections always occur and the 2023 Presidential Election was not an exception. The main objective of this study is to examine the Independent National Electoral Commission and the promotion of democracy in Nigeria with reference to the 2023 Presidential Election. The study adopted the documentary methods of data collection and utilizes secondary sources; and relays on content analysis as its method of data analysis. To achieve this, the authors sourced for information from published textbooks, magazines, journal articles, official documents from the Yiaga Africa, Centre for Democracy and Development (CDD) West Africa, Nigeria's 1999 Constitution (as amended), 2022 Electoral Act, INEC guidelines, online materials and other relevant publications. The study found out that the activities of Nigeria's political elites ranging from greed for power, vote buying and non adherence to Electoral laws have undermined the country's chances for democratic progress. The study therefore recommends among other things that there is urgent need to address the problem of inequality and poverty in the country, importantly; various political institutions should be strengthened to act as agent of change. The political players have an obligation to abide by the laws and regulations that govern politics. Those who broke the nation's election regulations ought to face harsh penalties. In order to reassure voters that their votes will count and that they will be willing to participate, the electoral administrators should be men and women with a track record of integrity.
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Direct Research Journal of Social Science and Educational Studies, 2023
This paper analyzes democracy and Nigeria's general elections of 2023 while taking into account a... more This paper analyzes democracy and Nigeria's general elections of 2023 while taking into account a broader range of variables that influenced both the process and the result. Over the past few decades, Nigeria has seen a wave of democratic advances. Democracy is a form of government in which citizens can choose their leaders through free and fair elections. Free and fair election is the benchmark of democracy. In other words, democracy implies that the people have the opportunity to decide who governs them. Regular elections offer the people the opportunity to accept or refuse the men who are to govern them. It is the political right enjoyed by the people to decide who should govern them in a free and fair election that separates democracy from any other kind of political system. The 2023 general election is the seventh election in the series of general elections held since Nigeria returned to civil rule in 1999. Nevertheless, democracy in Nigeria has been complex due to the multiple ethnic and religious groups that make up the population, the prevalence of military coups, and the lack of economic development. Ultimately, the 2023 general elections in Nigeria became a major test of the nation's democratic progress due to the INEC's
introduction of new technology, including the Bi-modal Voting Accreditation System (BVAS) and INEC Results Viewing Portal (IReV), to improve administration of the 2023 polls. Buttressing this optimism was the Electoral Act 2022, which introduced reforms aimed at more timely organization of pre-electoral processes and increasing transparency in results collation and reporting. Like most elections in Nigeria, the 2023 general election was conducted under a deeply contentious, and disputed, atmosphere, including widespread insecurity and uncertain government policies introduced ahead of the election. Relying on qualitative approach using data gathered from secondary sources as well as historical analysis. The study found out that the election fell short of Nigerian citizens’ legitimate and reasonable expectations, as several accredited election observation groups reported that the credibility of the 2023 election was greatly marred by numerous pitfalls in election administration such as inefficient management of permanent voters cards (PVCs) distribution, failure of operational and logistical arrangements, malfunctioning of election technology, instances of vote manipulation, political violence, lack of transparent results collation and declaration process, and poor crisis communication. Considering also, the pressing issues that face Nigeria today, these include widespread poverty, corruption, and insecurity, as well as an inadequate electoral infrastructure that has hindered voter participation in past elections. The study therefore recommended among other things: strengthening the independence of the electoral body, putting in place measures to ensure the election is free from fraud and manipulation, and ensuring that the election reflects the will of the people. By implementing these strategies, the future general elections in Nigeria will be able to realize greater success in terms of improved democracy and a more stable post-election period.
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International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR), 2020
The main thrust of this study is to examined the legislative-executive conflict and its implicati... more The main thrust of this study is to examined the legislative-executive conflict and its implications on democratic governance and maintenance of rule of law in Nigeria from 2015 to 2019. With specific reference to the legislative process and investigates how the "power-relations" were managed to enhance good democratic governance. Understanding legislature executive relation is crucial to building democratic values and ideal for the sustenance of basic institutions and ensuring effective interaction towards democratic development. This study has adopted the Theory of Separation of Powers as propounded by Baron Montesquieu as its framework of analysis. The data used for this study were collected through the secondary source which was obtained from the review of related literature. Discussion revealed the existence of harmony and conflict. The attendant politics of legitimacy or the lack of it, as well as mutual distrust and frosty relations between the legislature and the executive dominated the period. Divergent interests which sometimes characterize a heterogeneous society like Nigeria accounts for the Legislative and Executive conflict especially in a nascent democracy as Nigeria. The paper succinctly draws a conclusion towards strengthening Legislative-Executive relationship in Nigeria. The quest for political power by both the executive and the legislative must be sorted out in the manner in which the political environment of the country is structured in its constitution.
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British Journal of Education, 2016
Nigeria is a nation with a chequered history of democratic rule. The pressures mounted on the Nig... more Nigeria is a nation with a chequered history of democratic rule. The pressures mounted on the Nigerian political system since independence created instability in Nigerian polity. Hence the Judiciary could not carryout its roles effectively, the First, Second and Third Republics collapsed thus, paved way for the inevitability of military incursions in Nigerian politics, which truncated the Nigerian nascent democracy. Studies have shown that, in a democratic state, separation of powers is indispensable and the independence of the judiciary is paramount in achieving sustainable democracy. This study therefore investigated the impact of the separation of powers in achieving sustainable democracy in Nigeria State. The study used qualitative and content analysis method in analyzing the information generated for the study. Cases and instances from the content analysis showed that: the independence of the Judiciary helps in achieving sustainable democracy in Nigeria; Independent Judiciary enhances due process in a democratic state. Further analysis showed that incidences and court verdicts on issues relating to how the practice of separation of powers enhances the Judiciary to discharge its constitutionally stipulated roles in achieving sustainable democracy in Nigeria is convincing. This work therefore concluded that separation of powers enhances the efficiency of the Judiciary in Nigeria. The researchers recommend that the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria will depend on the commitment and ability of the Nigeria State to take extra measures to ensure that the theory and practice of Separation of Powers, and the Independence of the Judiciary is firmly established, respected and protected.
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International Journal of Asian Social Science, 2012
Internal security is very vital for the enhancement of sovereign and territorial integrity of any... more Internal security is very vital for the enhancement of sovereign and territorial integrity of any state. In this vein, any military operation is usually guided by special rules for opening fire in both international and non international armed conflict. However, warring parties, including military operators have, at one time or the other slightly observed and or maximally disregarded these rules during armed hostilities. The attendant implications of this misnomer is colossally jeopardizing in nature. Against this backdrop, this paper examines Military Operations Associated with Internal Security and Special Rules for Opening Fire in Armed Conflicts. Accordingly, Mechanism for enforcement of the law of armed conflicts, 1907 Hague Convention ix concerning the bombardment by naval forces in time of war, institutional mechanism of enforcement, United Nations convention on the Prohibition of Military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques, military mechanism of enforcement, types of military operations associated with internal security during armed conflicts, types of forces available to a state for internal security operations, types of military operations relating to security operations, problems faced by the armed forces during armed conflicts, the armed forces attitude to internal security operations, special rules for opening fire, the military rules of engagement, were appraised. Hence, the data for this work were collected mainly from secondary sources of recorded human documents. The research design was based on ex-post facto model of analysis. Our analytical frame work was based on the theory of armed conflicts. To this effect, it is found that military operations and internal security are highly essential for the observance of special rules for opening fire in any armed conflict. In other words, any disconnect between the two factors often lead to non-observance of special rules for opening fire during armed combats. The paper therefore recommends that the military should be re-structured in such a way that knowledgeable persons are charged with commanding responsibilities during armed hostilities.
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International Journal of Academic Pedagogical Research (IJAPR), 2020
Nigeria has in recent times witnessed increased clashes between farmers and herdsmen in different... more Nigeria has in recent times witnessed increased clashes between farmers and herdsmen in different parts of the country especially in the Middle-Belt area like Benue, Taraba, Nassarawa and other states. The fighting, killings and destruction of public and private properties which has always characterized these crises has led to the incessant call by several concerned groups, individuals and organizations to call for the establishment of ranches especially in the states where the crises have been predominant. Benue state thus became the first state in Nigeria to tow the line of this call by establishing the Open Grazing Prohibition and Ranches Establishment Law, 2017. This study, therefore, takes a critical view into the nature of the conflicts between farmers and herders in Nigeria which led to the enactment of the Ranches Establishment Law in Benue state. The study further assesses the nature of relations between the two groups after the law was enacted. The study is anchored on the Structural conflict theory. The study is qualitative in nature and secondary sources of data were used while content analysis was employed for data analysis. At the end of the study, we found that the relations between farmers and herders all over Nigeria have
been more characterized by conflict and disagreement than peaceful and collaboration. We also found that despite the different setbacks which the Ranches Establishment Law has faced in Benue state, the farmers-herders relations in the state has been more peaceful since after the law was enacted. It is therefore recommended that the Federal Government should liaise with government of Benue state to ensure that the issues surrounding the farmers-herders conflict in Nigeria is given a lasting solution beyond the Ranches Establishment Law.
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International Journal of Academic Management Science Research (IJAMSR), 2019
The paper ascertains immunity clause and the pollution of exellency: the implication for democrat... more The paper ascertains immunity clause and the pollution of exellency: the implication for democratic consolidation in Nigeria. Immunity is a freedom conferred on a person to protect him from litigation or persecution. The immunity clause provides a shield for the President, Vice President, Governor or Deputy Governor from frivolous litigation in respect of personal or criminal proceedings that would distract him from the business of governance. However, the purpose has been manipulated to promote injustice, impunity and corruption. The feature emphasizes the functional necessity of the clause which the constitution canvasses for political office holders. Any trial relating to crime committed by any political office holder commence after their tenure in office expires. This raise the issues that evidence against them might have been destroyed, prosecution witnesses may die before the trial commences and changes in the law can enable them to evade justice. For this reason, the constitutional provisions on immunity have become a threat to democratic consolidation in Nigeria. The paper examines the relevance of constitutional provisions on immunity for certain categories of political-office holders for democratic consolidation in Nigeria using descriptive and documentary research to support our analytical conclusions. It traces the origin and roots of immunity for political office-holders to 1963 Republican Constitution and rationale for its inclusion in Nigerian constitutions. On the strength of evidences from Nigeria's Second (1979-1983) and Fourth Republic (1999 till date), the original intent for its inclusion in the constitution was good, but political actors is using it to disjoint our nascent democracy. Instead of the political class to mend fence, they bent on playing at the gallery. The paper recommends review of constitutional provisions to take cognizance for transparency, accountability and good governance to ensure that political chief executives are not constrained in performing their constitutional duties. In this way, the paper concludes that the excesses of elected chief executives can be curbed while Nigerians can reap more dividends of democracy now and in future. The clause should be reviewed to checkmate the anomalies being perpetrated in disguise by die hard politicians.
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International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR), 2019
This study is a re-examination of the essence of Andre Gunder Frank’s (1967), landmark statement ... more This study is a re-examination of the essence of Andre Gunder Frank’s (1967), landmark statement that “poverty in the developing countries is caused by the development of underdevelopment”, in which he held external forces arising from imperialism as being responsible for the poverty in the Third World. The main aim of the study is to re-evaluate Frank’s earlier statement in the light of contemporary Third World Politics using the Historical Descriptive method and Dependency Theoretical Framework of analysis. The study discovered that poverty is still at the root of Third World’s underdevelopment and is even growing at geometrical proportion in the developing countries in the 21st century. This makes Frank’s landmark statement of (1967), very much relevant today as it was the time he made it. But holding only external forces arising from imperialism whether old or new solely responsible
for the growing poverty in the developing countries does not add up to explain the alarming rate of poverty increase and underdevelopment in the Third World in the 21st century. The study equally discovered that before the close of 20th century and within two decades into the 21st century that the developing countries under a United Third World Front known as the Non-Aligned Movement made formidable successful pressures on the United Nations and other international organizations on several issue areas to liberate their societies from underdevelopment orchestrated by poverty. As a result of the fore-goings the study came to the conclusion that many things are fundamentally wrong with manner and ways the Third World Societies conduct their domestic affairs. The study therefore recommends a reorganization of Third World Countries domestic, economic, political and social structures in line with the dawn of
a New World Order of dynamism as the key to unlocking developing countries’ underdevelopment occasioned by their high level of poverty. Equally, the developed countries of Northern hemisphere should show humanitarian understanding in their dealings with the Third World Countries instead of their current imperial overlord
orientations in their relations with the developing countries to correspond reasonably well with a New World Order of a Globalized village.
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International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR), 2019
The topic modernization theories and the study of development today: A critical analysis is an in... more The topic modernization theories and the study of development today: A critical analysis is an interrogation of the relevance of these theories of development to current realities in different societies. The study adopted historical/descriptive method and modernization theory as its theoretical framework of analysis. It found that the theories of modernization are still relevant as of today in the study of development. But its Western Anglo-American values bias is a burden on its continued relevance to the study of development in different societies. The study came to the conclusion that the criticisms against modernization theories led to the emergence of dependency theory in studying development. Therefore, the study recommends that the theories of modernization must play down Western Anglo-American value bias for their proponents to be at breast with current state of affairs in Non-Western Societies.
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London Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal, 2019
God, who is the originator of all things, had a system of constituted leadership and authority. T... more God, who is the originator of all things, had a system of constituted leadership and authority. This is what the theory of the divine origin of states postulates that the State was established by an ordinance of God; and its rulers/leaders are divinely appointed hence are not accountable to any authority but God; this which scholars have tried to disclose as that which affects governance negatively. Good governance is integral to economic growth, the eradication of poverty and hunger, and sustainable development. The mechanisms, processes and intuitions through which authority is exercised in Nigeria to bring about the much sought after growth and development have been part and parcel of the nation’s political history. This, study is an exploratory research that examined the theory of divine origin of state and its implications for good governance in Nigeria. It sought to find out whether the application of the theory of divine origin of state could establish good governance in Nigeria; the shortfalls of governance in Nigeria and its causes. Keywords: Divine Origin Theory, the State, Governance, Good Governance, Nigeria.
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International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2019
Power and Foreign Policy: A Theoretical Approach is
an inquiry into the link between power and f... more Power and Foreign Policy: A Theoretical Approach is
an inquiry into the link between power and foreign policy
domain. The study was carried out relying on historical
descriptive research method and the realist theoretical
framework of analysis. It was discovered that right from the
ancient times, in Greek City States to the Contemporary Period
that power and the conduct of States Foreign Policies have been
inseparable. Equally, the study found out that there are lack of
scholarly agreement on appropriate theoretical perspective even
among those of the same school of thought like the realist school
that have appeared in different bents in foreign policy analysis.
The study therefore, came to the conclusion that in all foreign
policy action, small or large power plays commanding roles in
their outcomes. It is the opinion of the paper that theoretical
integration for foreign policy analysis within the realist school
that invoke power as its tool of analysis will create a harmony for
better understanding of states’ foreign policies and international
behaviour.
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Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2012
Democracy is a vital instrument that propels political proficiency, economic development and soci... more Democracy is a vital instrument that propels political proficiency, economic development and social stability of any nation state. This is easily actualized where there is a high level legislative efficiency and efficacy.
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NG-Journal of Social Development, 2017
The basic source of industrial development in developing countries in reality is knowledge and te... more The basic source of industrial development in developing countries in reality is knowledge and technological change through the process of technology transfer or the application of new technology to a new use or user for economic growth. Economists have long recognized the fact that transfer of technology is at the heart of the process of economic growth (and development), and that the progress of both developed and developing countries depends very strongly on the extent and efficiency of such transfer. Over the years, Nigeria has made efforts to increase and improve local production through the acquisition of foreign technologies. Yet, in the 21 st century, Nigeria has not been able to improve its technological base in the different sectors of the society. Thus, the main thrust of this paper is to assess the political economy of technology transfer and the challenges of development in Nigeria in the age of globalization. Materials for this study have been drawn mainly from secondary sources found in libraries and archives in Nigeria; academic and other resources available in the internet, local and international publications (books and learned journals). The strategy of content analysis was used to systematically analyses secondary data in view of the historical cum contemporary nature of the study. The paper concludes that even if funds, skills, expertise and basic infrastructures may be available, the issue of technology transfer is highly political and requires a political solution. It then concludes with suggestions for possible solution.
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Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2012
One major problem of entrepreneurship in Nigeria is the lack of and limited access to initial and... more One major problem of entrepreneurship in Nigeria is the lack of and limited access to initial and running capital. The commercial and micro finance banks in the country make it difficult for these businesses to survive, among other factors, through high interest charges which do not encourage their growth. They also do not provide adequate support for their borrowers. With the coming of the proposed Islamic banking also known as 'non-interest' banking, this paper foresees a lot of prospects for the Nigerian economy ranging from availability of adequate capital at no interest, employment provision, higher economic growth, to partnership between the lender and the borrower which leads to a mutual share in the gains and losses of the business. With the aid of Political Economy framework, the paper argues that Nigeria stands to reap from the policy numerous political cum economic prospects as will be discussed in the paper than challenges. It goes further to state that the argument being postulated by the antagonists of the policy over the planned 'islamization of Nigeria' with the policy holds no water and is rather misleading as the banks involved must act within the laws that set them into operation in the Nigerian state.
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International Journal of Academic Management Science Research (IJAMSR), 2019
Xenophobia and its consequent conflicts have been a recurrent issue around the globe. It has also... more Xenophobia and its consequent conflicts have been a recurrent issue around the globe. It has also constituted a source of worry among nations and their citizens as lives and property of unimaginable value have often been lost to the conflict. Xenophobia also threatens to destroy a rich history of brotherhood shared by most countries in the continent of Africa since the colonial era. Thus, scholars have discussed this problematic from different perspectives. This study therefore, contributes to the existing literature on xenophobia by studying its effect on Nigeria-South Africa relations in the post apartheid era. We adopted the documentary method for data collection and qualitative descriptive analysis method for data analysis. The Relational Conflict theory formed our theoretical framework which helped us locate the study in the existing body of knowledge. Our findings include, that xenophobic attacks have become big threat to the political, diplomatic, socio-cultural and economic integration between Nigeria and South Africa since the end of apartheid in South Africa. We therefore recommended that the South African government and people should imbibe the spirit of African brotherhood and work assiduously towards peaceful coexistence with citizens of other African countries in order to strengthen African integration. On the other hand, Nigeria and South Africa should enter into diplomatic agreement on protection of each other's citizens in their territories. This should be backed by sanctions against any defaulting party.
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International Journal of Asian Social Science, 2012
Internal security is very vital for the enhancement of sovereign and territorial integrity of any... more Internal security is very vital for the enhancement of sovereign and territorial integrity of any state. In this vein, any military operation is usually guided by special rules for opening fire in both international and non international armed conflict. However, warring parties, including military operators have, at one time or the other slightly observed and or maximally disregarded these rules during armed hostilities. The attendant implications of this misnomer is colossally jeopardizing in nature. Against this backdrop, this paper examines Military Operations Associated with Internal Security and Special Rules for Opening Fire in Armed Conflicts. Accordingly, Mechanism for enforcement of the law of armed conflicts, 1907 Hague Convention ix concerning the bombardment by naval forces in time of war, institutional mechanism of enforcement, United Nations convention on the Prohibition of Military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques, military mechanism of enforcement, types of military operations associated with internal security during armed conflicts, types of forces available to a state for internal security operations, types of military operations relating to security operations, problems faced by the armed forces during armed conflicts, the armed forces attitude to internal security operations, special rules for opening fire, the military rules of engagement, were appraised. Hence, the data for this work were collected mainly from secondary sources of recorded human documents. The research design was based on ex-post facto model of analysis. Our analytical frame work was based on the theory of armed conflicts. To this effect, it is found that military operations and internal security are highly essential for the observance of special rules for opening fire in any armed conflict. In other words, any disconnect between the two factors often lead to non-observance of special rules for opening fire during armed combats. The paper therefore recommends that the military should be re-structured in such a way that knowledgeable persons are charged with commanding responsibilities during armed hostilities.
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Direct Research Journal of Social Science and Educational Studies, 2019
The main thrust of this paper is to examined elections and democratic consolidation in Nigeria wi... more The main thrust of this paper is to examined elections and democratic consolidation in Nigeria with reference to the 2019 General elections. Elections are central to the existence, stability and development of democracies; and political parties play significant role in such democracies. The viability and preference of democracy as a form of government above others is predicated on the unique prominence, relevance and opportunity it affords for popular participation. It is against this backdrop that this work examines the successes and challenges recorded in the 2019 General elections in Nigeria with a view to providing a better alternative for an improved election in the future. This study adopted the Elite theory by Gaetano Moscoa, Vilfredo Pareto and Robert Michels as its framework of analysis. The data used for this study were collected through the secondary sources which were obtained from the review of related literature. Despite the appreciation that only credible election can consolidate and sustain Nigeria's nascent democracy, election often result to confrontations that continue to threaten the political stability, peace and the very existence of the nation. The major findings of the research are: that the 2019 general elections were to a large extent fraudulent as they did not largely reflected voters choice due to inflation of election result figures, multiple voting, falsification of election results, delay in commencement of voting, result manipulation and wholesale subversion of the will of people which were largely perpetrated by the incumbents. The study also found out that the 2019 general elections have lower democratic quality and higher credibility deficit as compared to 2015 general elections. Most voters were induced with money by politicians both those in power and those seeking to be in power to influence voter's choice of candidate or political party in order to retain or capture political power. The research recommends that the areas that recorded significant improvement should be maintained while in the areas where there were of challenges should be looked into against future elections.
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International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR), 2020
This paper ascertains the quest for restructuring and ethnic balancing in Nigeria: the dynamics a... more This paper ascertains the quest for restructuring and ethnic balancing in Nigeria: the dynamics and realities for true federalism. The structure of Nigerian federalism was born out of colonial convenience rather than necessity at the instance of the colonial masters who connived with the selfish political elites who intend to be leaders of big wide Nigeria. Though there is an assumption that the British has good intention to adopt federalism, but they left porous foundation and weak principles within the system. Despite this, Nigeria federalism has been distorted from its original practice and structure by long military incursion in politics through centralization of power. This scenario has created imbalances, enormous tensions and intensifies conflicts that reinvigorate many tribal sects to outwit the formal security apparatus in the structure of Nigeria. The yearnings and aspirations of this sect have been considered as uneven development in fair-share of the national cake; and restructuring is the only pathway to sustain peaceful coexistence in Nigeria. The concept of restructuring is designed to balance all ethnic groups to have a stake on matters concerning the economic base and other basic services leaving the centre to decide only on exclusive matters especially defence, foreign relations, immigration, national security among others. It is the opinion of this paper to investigate the dynamics for restructuring to balance all the imbalances among various ethnic groups in dispensing the national cake in Nigeria. Split-Class Marxian theory was used as the framework to analyze this scenario and proffer solutions to enhance strong federal union and enhance national development in Nigeria.
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International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR), 2020
The effect of the global economic crisis on the African continent is enveloped in external and in... more The effect of the global economic crisis on the African continent is enveloped in external and internal factors, which has further complicated the escape routes for the continent. In a highly integrated and global world though an imbalanced one, the developed societies wield preponderance of the economic-political power which gives them an interdependent states, while developing polities who are not favored by the present international economic order gets a dependent status. With the present global economic recession, the economic configuration of the global system has been exposed, questioned and attempts are make to restructure. The African continent especially Nigeria and South Africa are responding to these crises from different perspectives. This paper explores Nigeria's response to the crisis and the lesson to be drowned from South Africa. This paper posits that present economic meltdown poses a major challenge for African leaders to contest and change their dependent status in the international economic order. This paper concludes by posting that Nigeria needs focused, determined, and sincere leadership that would transform the continent from a dependent polity to a self reliant, and productive polity like South Africa.
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Papers by Uchechukwu G Ojukwu
introduction of new technology, including the Bi-modal Voting Accreditation System (BVAS) and INEC Results Viewing Portal (IReV), to improve administration of the 2023 polls. Buttressing this optimism was the Electoral Act 2022, which introduced reforms aimed at more timely organization of pre-electoral processes and increasing transparency in results collation and reporting. Like most elections in Nigeria, the 2023 general election was conducted under a deeply contentious, and disputed, atmosphere, including widespread insecurity and uncertain government policies introduced ahead of the election. Relying on qualitative approach using data gathered from secondary sources as well as historical analysis. The study found out that the election fell short of Nigerian citizens’ legitimate and reasonable expectations, as several accredited election observation groups reported that the credibility of the 2023 election was greatly marred by numerous pitfalls in election administration such as inefficient management of permanent voters cards (PVCs) distribution, failure of operational and logistical arrangements, malfunctioning of election technology, instances of vote manipulation, political violence, lack of transparent results collation and declaration process, and poor crisis communication. Considering also, the pressing issues that face Nigeria today, these include widespread poverty, corruption, and insecurity, as well as an inadequate electoral infrastructure that has hindered voter participation in past elections. The study therefore recommended among other things: strengthening the independence of the electoral body, putting in place measures to ensure the election is free from fraud and manipulation, and ensuring that the election reflects the will of the people. By implementing these strategies, the future general elections in Nigeria will be able to realize greater success in terms of improved democracy and a more stable post-election period.
been more characterized by conflict and disagreement than peaceful and collaboration. We also found that despite the different setbacks which the Ranches Establishment Law has faced in Benue state, the farmers-herders relations in the state has been more peaceful since after the law was enacted. It is therefore recommended that the Federal Government should liaise with government of Benue state to ensure that the issues surrounding the farmers-herders conflict in Nigeria is given a lasting solution beyond the Ranches Establishment Law.
for the growing poverty in the developing countries does not add up to explain the alarming rate of poverty increase and underdevelopment in the Third World in the 21st century. The study equally discovered that before the close of 20th century and within two decades into the 21st century that the developing countries under a United Third World Front known as the Non-Aligned Movement made formidable successful pressures on the United Nations and other international organizations on several issue areas to liberate their societies from underdevelopment orchestrated by poverty. As a result of the fore-goings the study came to the conclusion that many things are fundamentally wrong with manner and ways the Third World Societies conduct their domestic affairs. The study therefore recommends a reorganization of Third World Countries domestic, economic, political and social structures in line with the dawn of
a New World Order of dynamism as the key to unlocking developing countries’ underdevelopment occasioned by their high level of poverty. Equally, the developed countries of Northern hemisphere should show humanitarian understanding in their dealings with the Third World Countries instead of their current imperial overlord
orientations in their relations with the developing countries to correspond reasonably well with a New World Order of a Globalized village.
an inquiry into the link between power and foreign policy
domain. The study was carried out relying on historical
descriptive research method and the realist theoretical
framework of analysis. It was discovered that right from the
ancient times, in Greek City States to the Contemporary Period
that power and the conduct of States Foreign Policies have been
inseparable. Equally, the study found out that there are lack of
scholarly agreement on appropriate theoretical perspective even
among those of the same school of thought like the realist school
that have appeared in different bents in foreign policy analysis.
The study therefore, came to the conclusion that in all foreign
policy action, small or large power plays commanding roles in
their outcomes. It is the opinion of the paper that theoretical
integration for foreign policy analysis within the realist school
that invoke power as its tool of analysis will create a harmony for
better understanding of states’ foreign policies and international
behaviour.
introduction of new technology, including the Bi-modal Voting Accreditation System (BVAS) and INEC Results Viewing Portal (IReV), to improve administration of the 2023 polls. Buttressing this optimism was the Electoral Act 2022, which introduced reforms aimed at more timely organization of pre-electoral processes and increasing transparency in results collation and reporting. Like most elections in Nigeria, the 2023 general election was conducted under a deeply contentious, and disputed, atmosphere, including widespread insecurity and uncertain government policies introduced ahead of the election. Relying on qualitative approach using data gathered from secondary sources as well as historical analysis. The study found out that the election fell short of Nigerian citizens’ legitimate and reasonable expectations, as several accredited election observation groups reported that the credibility of the 2023 election was greatly marred by numerous pitfalls in election administration such as inefficient management of permanent voters cards (PVCs) distribution, failure of operational and logistical arrangements, malfunctioning of election technology, instances of vote manipulation, political violence, lack of transparent results collation and declaration process, and poor crisis communication. Considering also, the pressing issues that face Nigeria today, these include widespread poverty, corruption, and insecurity, as well as an inadequate electoral infrastructure that has hindered voter participation in past elections. The study therefore recommended among other things: strengthening the independence of the electoral body, putting in place measures to ensure the election is free from fraud and manipulation, and ensuring that the election reflects the will of the people. By implementing these strategies, the future general elections in Nigeria will be able to realize greater success in terms of improved democracy and a more stable post-election period.
been more characterized by conflict and disagreement than peaceful and collaboration. We also found that despite the different setbacks which the Ranches Establishment Law has faced in Benue state, the farmers-herders relations in the state has been more peaceful since after the law was enacted. It is therefore recommended that the Federal Government should liaise with government of Benue state to ensure that the issues surrounding the farmers-herders conflict in Nigeria is given a lasting solution beyond the Ranches Establishment Law.
for the growing poverty in the developing countries does not add up to explain the alarming rate of poverty increase and underdevelopment in the Third World in the 21st century. The study equally discovered that before the close of 20th century and within two decades into the 21st century that the developing countries under a United Third World Front known as the Non-Aligned Movement made formidable successful pressures on the United Nations and other international organizations on several issue areas to liberate their societies from underdevelopment orchestrated by poverty. As a result of the fore-goings the study came to the conclusion that many things are fundamentally wrong with manner and ways the Third World Societies conduct their domestic affairs. The study therefore recommends a reorganization of Third World Countries domestic, economic, political and social structures in line with the dawn of
a New World Order of dynamism as the key to unlocking developing countries’ underdevelopment occasioned by their high level of poverty. Equally, the developed countries of Northern hemisphere should show humanitarian understanding in their dealings with the Third World Countries instead of their current imperial overlord
orientations in their relations with the developing countries to correspond reasonably well with a New World Order of a Globalized village.
an inquiry into the link between power and foreign policy
domain. The study was carried out relying on historical
descriptive research method and the realist theoretical
framework of analysis. It was discovered that right from the
ancient times, in Greek City States to the Contemporary Period
that power and the conduct of States Foreign Policies have been
inseparable. Equally, the study found out that there are lack of
scholarly agreement on appropriate theoretical perspective even
among those of the same school of thought like the realist school
that have appeared in different bents in foreign policy analysis.
The study therefore, came to the conclusion that in all foreign
policy action, small or large power plays commanding roles in
their outcomes. It is the opinion of the paper that theoretical
integration for foreign policy analysis within the realist school
that invoke power as its tool of analysis will create a harmony for
better understanding of states’ foreign policies and international
behaviour.
About the Book
In today’s global socially networked world, the topic of political sociology is more relevant than ever before. This is a major new textbook that introduces the key conceptual debates and approaches in Political Sociology. The power relationship between the state and society is introduced, and the impact of recent social changes on this relationship is explored. Important and topical issues including the nature of power and the state, political organization, gender, race and ethnicity, religion, voting behaviour, globalization, the rise of new social movements, political culture and political participation are discussed. The overall aim of this book is to introduce the reader to the key processes that are changing the nature of politics and society in the modern world. It is argued that the power of the state has not been undermined to the extent that is often assumed. Instead it is shown that the context within which the state governs has been changed by the rise of more diverse and critical civil societies within liberal democracy and by the development of global risks. Throughout the focus is on clarity, accessibility, and the needs of the reader: tables and charts are used to highlight key facts and figures. This is an extremely well-written and engaging book. It takes an upbeat and argumentative style that brings the subject matter to life . . . It strikes the right balance between covering the core theoretical and conceptual issues associated with the subject while also adopting a central thesis that gives structure to the field and stimulates further enquiry.
Fundamentals of Political Sociology is yet another contribution to the growing and diverse literature on the subject. The book is primarily intended to meet the needs of both undergraduate and postgraduate students who offer courses in Political Science and Sociology, respectively. It is also designed to ensure that students in developing countries, notably Nigeria, are not fed on the unbalanced diet of examples drawn exclusively from Western Europe and North America but also, more wholesomely, on illustrations reflecting their own background. Written in a concise and lucid style, the authors have sought to make this book reader-friendly. Our submission, thus, is that this book will continue to remain relevant in so far as societies continue to unfold. This book is written for you and is based on the teaching and research experience of numerous Social Scientists. We hope that through this book, you will learn how simple, everyday human actions and interactions can change the world; you will find applications of Political Sociology concepts that are relevant, current, and balanced. We, therefore recommend this book to students, scholars and policy makers not just because the authors have contributed to the existing knowledge but also for their lucid and elaborate explanation of some of the contending political and social issues.