Within the DEVOTES project, a catalogue of existing indicators of marine biodiversity and closely... more Within the DEVOTES project, a catalogue of existing indicators of marine biodiversity and closely related topics such as non-indigenous species, food-webs, and seafloor integrity (EU Marine Strategy MSFD Descriptors 1, 2, 4, 6) has been established. Currently, the catalogue includes 557 entries with information on metadata ranging from indicator descriptions, data requirements, assignment to MSFD descriptors/criteria/indicators and developmental status to geographical coverage and applicable habitats, biodiversity components and related pressures. Both operational indicators and indicators in earlier stages of development are included. The aims of the catalogue are twofold: firstly, to identify the strengths and possible gaps of the European indicator set in order to be able to focus the development of new indicators where it is most urgently needed; and secondly, to foster transfer of know-how across countries and marine regions, so that indicators operational in one area could be ...
The potential impact of aquaculture on Ildırı Bay, Turkey, was assessed using remote sensing data... more The potential impact of aquaculture on Ildırı Bay, Turkey, was assessed using remote sensing data collected over 37 d between September 2009 and February 2011. The dataset was improved by applying a local empirical neural network (NN) algorithm. Impact was evaluated in terms of total suspended matter (TSM) and Secchi disk depth (SDD) as effective variables showing changes in underwater light fields in each defined subarea. Subareas were farm sites with their peripheries (impact zones) and the whole study area for 2 different regions within the bay. Real-time datasets of TSM and SDD were obtained for 7 different days within the same period. To create an NN algorithm, the full swath of geo-located products (with 300 m resolution) from the MERIS sensor aboard ENVISAT was used along with in situ data. The NN algorithm showed good performance, with an accuracy of 97.46% for TSM and 99.58% for SDD. No significant (F s > 0.05) impact on the environment was observed; however, the time series analyses of similarities and anomalies showed that the impact zones have different temporal characteristics compared to the whole bay and vice versa. The highest particle concentrations and lowest light penetration occurred in the spring and summer. Water circulation patterns were identified as the major force determining the distribution and hence the source of particles and were also applied to reflect the particle loads introduced by feeding activity performed in aquaculture facilities. The influence of dissolved organic carbon to TSM and SDD indicates that the contribution of colored dissolved organic matter is another important variable for effective monitoring of aquaculture activity in the bay.
The Gediz River is the largest fresh water source forİzmir Bay. Several studies have been carried... more The Gediz River is the largest fresh water source forİzmir Bay. Several studies have been carried out on the river's physical and biogeochemical dynamics. However, there has not been a particular geographical focus on the mouth of the river. In this study, along the salinity gradient towards the bay in 2004 and 2005, the dissolved inorganic nutrients were seasonally measured at the river mouth. During the sampling period, the concentration of the constituents showed variability in the range of 0.04-156 μM for NO − 3 , 0.02-12 μM for NO − 2 , 0-237 μM for NH + 4 , 0.02-26 μM for PO 3− 4 , and 1-293 μM for SiO2, while the river discharge fluctuated between 5.2 and 123 m 3 /s. Resulting highly contrasted salinity gradients between 0.29 and 39.62 psu significantly influenced the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients. Furthermore, simultaneous sampling carried out over the entire bay area provided an opportunity to study the effects of the river on the bay during periods of maximum and minimum discharge.
Macronutrients and micronutrients were measured during the phytoplankton bloom period and then se... more Macronutrients and micronutrients were measured during the phytoplankton bloom period and then seasonally monitored after the bloom in the polluted Izmir Bay. Iron and the macronutrients (phosphate, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and silicate) were abundant in the waters of the inner and middle sections of Izmir Bay. The iron concentration decreased exponentially from the eutrophic inner bay to the oligotrophic outer bay. Suboxic–anoxic processes and the resuspension dynamics in the sediment were the most important factor in the control of iron, ammonium, and phosphate enrichment in the bay beside the anthropogenic activities. The biological removal of Fe in the inner and middle bay and nonbiological removal in the outer bay were effective in controlling iron concentration in Izmir Bay. The nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium nitrogen (N) and Si decreased to critical levels in the middle and outer bay at the end of the summer as long as the concentration of phosphate was high. The N/P ratios in the bay suggested that N might be the controlling nutrient for phytoplankton growth particularly in the middle and outer bay throughout summer. Furthermore, Si was also able to have controlling impact probably on diatom growth during autumn and winter in the inner and middle bay and in the early spring in the outer bay. The N/Si/Chelex labile Fe ratios implied that the iron could be a critical controlling nutrient for phytoplankton growth during early April in the outer bay unless the other macronutrients were low.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by migration of activated phagocytes and other leukocy... more Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by migration of activated phagocytes and other leukocytes into synovial and periarticular tissue. Activated oxygen species and other mediating substances from triggered phagocytes appear to exacerbate and perpetuate the rheumatoid condition. Iron excesses are capable of aggravating the arthritic inflammation, probably through their pro-oxidant potentials. In contrast, therapeutically given gold salts, through a lysosomal loading of the metal, inhibit the triggered cells, thereby reducing the toxic oxygen production. Pharmacological doses of zinc also may immobilise macrophages. Furthermore, the copper-zinc-containing enzyme SOD (superoxide dismutase) can act as a scavenger of toxic oxygen in the tissues. Therapeutic remission of RA has been obtained following intraarticular administration of SOD.
Within the DEVOTES project, a catalogue of existing indicators of marine biodiversity and closely... more Within the DEVOTES project, a catalogue of existing indicators of marine biodiversity and closely related topics such as non-indigenous species, food-webs, and seafloor integrity (EU Marine Strategy MSFD Descriptors 1, 2, 4, 6) has been established. Currently, the catalogue includes 557 entries with information on metadata ranging from indicator descriptions, data requirements, assignment to MSFD descriptors/criteria/indicators and developmental status to geographical coverage and applicable habitats, biodiversity components and related pressures. Both operational indicators and indicators in earlier stages of development are included. The aims of the catalogue are twofold: firstly, to identify the strengths and possible gaps of the European indicator set in order to be able to focus the development of new indicators where it is most urgently needed; and secondly, to foster transfer of know-how across countries and marine regions, so that indicators operational in one area could be ...
The potential impact of aquaculture on Ildırı Bay, Turkey, was assessed using remote sensing data... more The potential impact of aquaculture on Ildırı Bay, Turkey, was assessed using remote sensing data collected over 37 d between September 2009 and February 2011. The dataset was improved by applying a local empirical neural network (NN) algorithm. Impact was evaluated in terms of total suspended matter (TSM) and Secchi disk depth (SDD) as effective variables showing changes in underwater light fields in each defined subarea. Subareas were farm sites with their peripheries (impact zones) and the whole study area for 2 different regions within the bay. Real-time datasets of TSM and SDD were obtained for 7 different days within the same period. To create an NN algorithm, the full swath of geo-located products (with 300 m resolution) from the MERIS sensor aboard ENVISAT was used along with in situ data. The NN algorithm showed good performance, with an accuracy of 97.46% for TSM and 99.58% for SDD. No significant (F s > 0.05) impact on the environment was observed; however, the time series analyses of similarities and anomalies showed that the impact zones have different temporal characteristics compared to the whole bay and vice versa. The highest particle concentrations and lowest light penetration occurred in the spring and summer. Water circulation patterns were identified as the major force determining the distribution and hence the source of particles and were also applied to reflect the particle loads introduced by feeding activity performed in aquaculture facilities. The influence of dissolved organic carbon to TSM and SDD indicates that the contribution of colored dissolved organic matter is another important variable for effective monitoring of aquaculture activity in the bay.
The Gediz River is the largest fresh water source forİzmir Bay. Several studies have been carried... more The Gediz River is the largest fresh water source forİzmir Bay. Several studies have been carried out on the river's physical and biogeochemical dynamics. However, there has not been a particular geographical focus on the mouth of the river. In this study, along the salinity gradient towards the bay in 2004 and 2005, the dissolved inorganic nutrients were seasonally measured at the river mouth. During the sampling period, the concentration of the constituents showed variability in the range of 0.04-156 μM for NO − 3 , 0.02-12 μM for NO − 2 , 0-237 μM for NH + 4 , 0.02-26 μM for PO 3− 4 , and 1-293 μM for SiO2, while the river discharge fluctuated between 5.2 and 123 m 3 /s. Resulting highly contrasted salinity gradients between 0.29 and 39.62 psu significantly influenced the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients. Furthermore, simultaneous sampling carried out over the entire bay area provided an opportunity to study the effects of the river on the bay during periods of maximum and minimum discharge.
Macronutrients and micronutrients were measured during the phytoplankton bloom period and then se... more Macronutrients and micronutrients were measured during the phytoplankton bloom period and then seasonally monitored after the bloom in the polluted Izmir Bay. Iron and the macronutrients (phosphate, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and silicate) were abundant in the waters of the inner and middle sections of Izmir Bay. The iron concentration decreased exponentially from the eutrophic inner bay to the oligotrophic outer bay. Suboxic–anoxic processes and the resuspension dynamics in the sediment were the most important factor in the control of iron, ammonium, and phosphate enrichment in the bay beside the anthropogenic activities. The biological removal of Fe in the inner and middle bay and nonbiological removal in the outer bay were effective in controlling iron concentration in Izmir Bay. The nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium nitrogen (N) and Si decreased to critical levels in the middle and outer bay at the end of the summer as long as the concentration of phosphate was high. The N/P ratios in the bay suggested that N might be the controlling nutrient for phytoplankton growth particularly in the middle and outer bay throughout summer. Furthermore, Si was also able to have controlling impact probably on diatom growth during autumn and winter in the inner and middle bay and in the early spring in the outer bay. The N/Si/Chelex labile Fe ratios implied that the iron could be a critical controlling nutrient for phytoplankton growth during early April in the outer bay unless the other macronutrients were low.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by migration of activated phagocytes and other leukocy... more Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by migration of activated phagocytes and other leukocytes into synovial and periarticular tissue. Activated oxygen species and other mediating substances from triggered phagocytes appear to exacerbate and perpetuate the rheumatoid condition. Iron excesses are capable of aggravating the arthritic inflammation, probably through their pro-oxidant potentials. In contrast, therapeutically given gold salts, through a lysosomal loading of the metal, inhibit the triggered cells, thereby reducing the toxic oxygen production. Pharmacological doses of zinc also may immobilise macrophages. Furthermore, the copper-zinc-containing enzyme SOD (superoxide dismutase) can act as a scavenger of toxic oxygen in the tissues. Therapeutic remission of RA has been obtained following intraarticular administration of SOD.
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Papers by Kemal C Bizsel