Determination of stratospheric aerosol microphysical properties from independent extinction and backscattering measurements with a Raman lidar

Ulla Wandinger; Albert Ansmann; Jens Reichardt; Terry Deshler

doi:10.1364/AO.34.008315

Coefficients of the Fitting Curves ${\tilde{Q}}_{α} (\tilde{r}), {\tilde{Q}}_{β} (\tilde{r})$ , and S $\tilde{r}$ for a Wavelength of 355 nma

y	W (%)	${\tilde{r}}_{c}$ (μm)	a ₀	a ₁	a ₂	a ₃	b ₀	b ₁
_{${\tilde{Q}}_{α}$}	40	0.52	−1.292	31.00	−75.62	58.71	2.892	−0.492
	50	0.52	−1.229	30.76	−75.35	58.64	2.897	−0.497
	60	0.52	−1.156	30.46	−74.91	58.39	2.899	−0.499
	70	0.52	−1.066	30.07	−74.25	57.95	2.896	−0.496
	75	0.52	−1.001	29.77	−73.74	57.58	2.891	−0.491
	80	0.52	−0.952	29.55	−73.36	57.28	2.885	−0.485
_{${\tilde{Q}}_{β}$}	40	0.55	−0.0133	0.2797	0.192	−0.523	0.0767	0.0633
	50	0.51	−0.0126	0.2545	0.482	−0.953	0.0896	0.0524
	60	0.48	−0.0116	0.2217	0.849	−1.484	0.1074	0.0396
	70	0.47	−0.0111	0.1875	1.308	−2.143	0.1360	0.0160
	75	0.46	−0.0110	0.1620	1.668	−2.650	0.1572	0.0028
	80	0.46	−0.0108	0.1407	1.961	−3.062	0.1815	−0.0235
S	40	0.53	87.9	−209.2	110.7	107.7	32.1	−15.1
	50	0.52	91.9	−279.2	308.1	−50.1	29.5	−12.5
	60	0.50	95.4	−346.9	502.8	−210.3	26.5	−10.2
	70	0.50	98.7	−418.7	719.2	−399.5	22.7	−6.8
	75	0.50	100.4	−463.6	860.3	−528.7	19.8	−4.4
	80	0.55	101.3	−492.5	954.1	−616.5	18.2	−3.2

a The fit curves have the form y = a ₀ + a ₁

\tilde{r}

+ a ₂

{\tilde{r}}^{2}

+ a ₃

{\tilde{r}}^{3}

for

\tilde{r}

<

{\tilde{r}}_{c}

and y = b ₀ + b ₁

\tilde{r}

for

\tilde{r}

>

{\tilde{r}}_{c}

. W is the H₂SO₄ weight content.

Coefficients of the Conversion-Factor Fitting Curves for a Wavelength of 355 nma

W (%)	S _c (sr)	S < S _c				S > S _c

		a	Δa	b	Δb	a	Δa	b	Δb
Extinction to Surface Area: y = C _α ^A = 4/ ${\tilde{Q}}_{α}$
40	40.3	1.627	0.067	−0.0038	0.0020	0.259	0.298	0.0302	0.0057
50	40.3	1.519	0.070	−0.0003	0.0022	0.216	0.309	0.0320	0.0061
60	37.8	1.561	0.063	−0.0022	0.0022	0.310	0.279	0.0310	0.0058
70	34.5	1.547	0.057	−0.0022	0.0022	0.474	0.256	0.0290	0.0056
75	31.5	1.525	0.054	−0.0016	0.0022	0.614	0.229	0.0273	0.0053
80	29.5	1.538	0.051	−0.0026	0.0023	0.685	0.218	0.0263	0.0052
Backscattering to Surface Area: y = C _β ^A = 4/ ${\tilde{Q}}_{β}$
40	40.3	3.34	2.39	1.395	0.072	−81.8	16.6	3.35	0.32
50	40.3	−1.66	2.53	1.565	0.081	−81.0	16.7	3.49	0.33
60	37.8	0.53	2.15	1.477	0.075	−71.3	14.6	3.35	0.30
70	34.5	0.38	1.84	1.472	0.070	−59.3	12.8	3.17	0.28
75	31.5	−0.25	1.60	1.496	0.067	−49.9	11.1	3.01	0.26
80	29.5	0.44	1.45	1.456	0.064	−44.9	10.4	2.92	0.25
Extinction to Volume: y = C _α ^V = 4 $\tilde{r}$ /3 ${\tilde{Q}}_{α}$
40	40.3	0.366	0.007	−0.0057	0.0002	0.186	0.006	−0.0013	0.0001
50	40.3	0.350	0.007	−0.0057	0.0002	0.169	0.006	−0.0011	0.0001
60	37.8	0.334	0.008	−0.0057	0.0003	0.159	0.006	−0.0010	0.0001
70	34.5	0.315	0.008	−0.0057	0.0003	0.146	0.005	−0.0009	0.0001
75	31.5	0.305	0.008	−0.0058	0.0003	0.142	0.005	−0.0008	0.0001
80	29.5	0.299	0.008	−0.0059	0.0003	0.139	0.005	−0.0008	0.0001
Backscattering to Volume: y = C _β ^V = 4 $\tilde{r}$ /3 ${\tilde{Q}}_{β}$
40	40.3	6.06	0.15	−0.013	0.004	3.39	0.25	0.050	0.005
50	40.3	5.35	0.17	−0.007	0.006	2.76	0.28	0.057	0.006
60	37.8	4.61	0.18	0.001	0.006	2.32	0.26	0.061	0.005
70	34.5	3.79	0.16	0.011	0.006	1.79	0.23	0.067	0.005
75	31.5	3.29	0.15	0.017	0.006	1.60	0.20	0.067	0.005
80	29.5	3.00	0.14	0.020	0.006	1.47	0.19	0.068	0.005
Lidar Ratio to Effective Radius: y = $\tilde{r}$
40	40.3	0.694	0.018	−0.0102	0.0005	0.489	0.024	−0.0054	0.0005
50	40.3	0.680	0.018	−0.0106	0.0006	0.463	0.025	−0.0052	0.0005
60	37.8	0.644	0.019	−0.0104	0.0007	0.440	0.024	−0.0050	0.0005
70	34.5	0.610	0.018	−0.0104	0.0007	0.398	0.023	−0.0045	0.0005
75	31.5	0.597	0.017	−0.0108	0.0007	0.375	0.021	−0.0043	0.0005
80	29.5	0.584	0.017	−0.0110	0.0007	0.361	0.020	−0.0041	0.0005

a The fit curves have the form y = a + bS. W is the H₂SO₄ weight content.

Coefficients of the Conversion-Factor Fitting Curves as in Table 3, but for 308 nm

W (%)	S _c (sr)	S < S _c				S > S _c

		a	Δa	b	Δb	a	Δa	b	Δb
Extinction to Surface Area: y = C _α ^A = 4/ ${\tilde{Q}}_{α}$
40	32.5	1.749	0.072	−0.0103	0.0028	0.776	0.148	0.0196	0.0034
50	31.1	1.739	0.060	−0.0110	0.0025	0.766	0.139	0.0203	0.0033
60	28.6	1.714	0.053	−0.0112	0.0024	0.828	0.137	0.0197	0.0034
70	25.2	1.732	0.045	−0.0141	0.0023	0.906	0.124	0.0187	0.0033
75	22.8	1.720	0.040	−0.0152	0.0022	0.965	0.140	0.0179	0.0038
80	22.3	1.632	0.041	−0.0110	0.0024	0.993	0.148	0.0176	0.0041
Backscattering to Surface Area: y = C _β ^A = 4/ ${\tilde{Q}}_{β}$
40	32.5	5.38	1.95	1.270	0.076	−39.8	7.7	2.59	0.17
50	31.1	5.56	1.56	1.236	0.065	−37.2	7.0	2.56	0.17
60	28.6	4.68	1.26	1.247	0.058	−32.7	6.7	2.49	0.17
70	25.2	5.24	0.98	1.179	0.050	−26.4	5.7	2.37	0.15
75	22.8	4.82	0.83	1.168	0.046	−23.9	6.3	2.32	0.17
80	22.3	2.61	0.82	1.284	0.049	−22.4	6.4	2.29	0.18
Extinction to Volume: y = C _α ^V = 4 $\tilde{r}$ /3 ${\tilde{Q}}_{α}$
40	32.5	0.418	0.019	−0.0091	0.0007	0.174	0.005	−0.0015	0.0001
50	31.1	0.397	0.016	−0.0091	0.0007	0.167	0.005	−0.0015	0.0001
60	28.6	0.371	0.016	−0.0089	0.0007	0.157	0.005	−0.0014	0.0001
70	25.2	0.335	0.017	−0.0082	0.0008	0.148	0.006	−0.0013	0.0001
75	22.8	0.324	0.016	−0.0085	0.0009	0.138	0.005	−0.0012	0.0001
80	22.3	0.315	0.014	−0.0087	0.0008	0.129	0.005	−0.0011	0.0001
Backscattering to Volume: y = C _β ^V = 4/ $\tilde{r}$ /3 ${\tilde{Q}}_{β}$
40	32.5	5.63	0.48	−0.039	0.019	2.92	0.18	0.036	0.004
50	31.1	5.06	0.38	−0.037	0.016	2.57	0.17	0.039	0.004
60	28.6	4.13	0.36	−0.017	0.017	2.18	0.18	0.043	0.004
70	25.2	3.12	0.36	0.010	0.018	1.79	0.17	0.047	0.005
75	22.8	2.73	0.31	0.014	0.017	1.52	0.18	0.049	0.005
80	22.3	2.48	0.25	0.014	0.015	1.30	0.17	0.052	0.005
Lidar Ratio to Effective Radius: y = $\tilde{r}$
40	32.5	0.764	0.039	−0.0153	0.0015	0.427	0.018	−0.0050	0.0004
50	31.1	0.732	0.033	−0.0153	0.0014	0.419	0.018	−0.0051	0.0004
60	28.6	0.691	0.032	−0.0151	0.0015	0.391	0.019	−0.0048	0.0005
70	25.2	0.623	0.032	−0.0135	0.0016	0.367	0.019	−0.0046	0.0005
75	22.8	0.607	0.029	−0.0141	0.0016	0.336	0.020	−0.0042	0.0005
80	22.3	0.604	0.026	−0.0153	0.0015	0.315	0.020	−0.0039	0.0006

Relative Systematic Errors Δβ/β, Δα/α, and ΔS/S (in Percent) as a Result of Uncertainties in Temperature (ΔT), Ozone Concentration (ΔO₃, for 308 nm only), Reference Values [Δβ(z ₀)], and Mean Relative Systematic Errors (MRSE) for Measurement Wavelengths of 308 and 355 nma

Error	Caseb	ΔT ±2 K	ΔO₃ ±20%	Δβ(z ₀) ±0.01 β_Ray(z ₀)	MRSE

					308 nm	355 nm
Δβ/β	1	1	8	5	9	5
	2	2	12	8	21	8
	3	4	24	16	29	16
	4	8	48	32	58	33
Δα/α	1	4	33		33	5
	2	8	50		51	8
	3	15	100		101	15
	4	30	200		>200	30
ΔS/S	1	5	40	5	41	8
	2	9	60	8	62	12
	3	15	>150	16	>150	22
	4	31	>200	32	>200	45

a Different absolute values of β and α corresponding to different stratospheric perturbations observed during the first 3 years after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in June 1991 are considered. Cases 1 and 2 characterize the situation until spring 1993.
b Case 1, β = 0.00075 km⁻¹ sr⁻¹, α = 0.015 km⁻¹, S = 20 sr; case 2, β = 0.0005 km⁻¹ sr⁻¹, α = 0.01 km⁻¹, S = 20 sr; case 3, β = 0.00025 km⁻¹ sr⁻¹, α = 0.005 km⁻¹, S = 20 sr; case 4, β = 0.000125 km⁻¹ sr⁻¹, α = 0.0025 km⁻¹, S = 20 sr.

Table 1

Coefficients of the Fitting Curves ${\tilde{Q}}_{α} (\tilde{r}), {\tilde{Q}}_{β} (\tilde{r})$ , and S $\tilde{r}$ for a Wavelength of 355 nma

y	W (%)	${\tilde{r}}_{c}$ (μm)	a ₀	a ₁	a ₂	a ₃	b ₀	b ₁
_{${\tilde{Q}}_{α}$}	40	0.52	−1.292	31.00	−75.62	58.71	2.892	−0.492
	50	0.52	−1.229	30.76	−75.35	58.64	2.897	−0.497
	60	0.52	−1.156	30.46	−74.91	58.39	2.899	−0.499
	70	0.52	−1.066	30.07	−74.25	57.95	2.896	−0.496
	75	0.52	−1.001	29.77	−73.74	57.58	2.891	−0.491
	80	0.52	−0.952	29.55	−73.36	57.28	2.885	−0.485
_{${\tilde{Q}}_{β}$}	40	0.55	−0.0133	0.2797	0.192	−0.523	0.0767	0.0633
	50	0.51	−0.0126	0.2545	0.482	−0.953	0.0896	0.0524
	60	0.48	−0.0116	0.2217	0.849	−1.484	0.1074	0.0396
	70	0.47	−0.0111	0.1875	1.308	−2.143	0.1360	0.0160
	75	0.46	−0.0110	0.1620	1.668	−2.650	0.1572	0.0028
	80	0.46	−0.0108	0.1407	1.961	−3.062	0.1815	−0.0235
S	40	0.53	87.9	−209.2	110.7	107.7	32.1	−15.1
	50	0.52	91.9	−279.2	308.1	−50.1	29.5	−12.5
	60	0.50	95.4	−346.9	502.8	−210.3	26.5	−10.2
	70	0.50	98.7	−418.7	719.2	−399.5	22.7	−6.8
	75	0.50	100.4	−463.6	860.3	−528.7	19.8	−4.4
	80	0.55	101.3	−492.5	954.1	−616.5	18.2	−3.2

a The fit curves have the form y = a ₀ + a ₁

\tilde{r}

+ a ₂

{\tilde{r}}^{2}

+ a ₃

{\tilde{r}}^{3}

for

\tilde{r}

<

{\tilde{r}}_{c}

and y = b ₀ + b ₁

\tilde{r}

for

\tilde{r}

>

{\tilde{r}}_{c}

. W is the H₂SO₄ weight content.

Table 2

Coefficients of the Fitting Curves as in Table 1, but for 308 nm

y	W (%)	${\tilde{r}}_{c}$ (μm)	a ₀	a ₁	a ₂	a ₃	b ₀	b ₁
_{${\tilde{Q}}_{α}$}	40	0.53	−0.525	27.13	−69.10	54.56	2.817	−0.467
	50	0.53	−0.471	26.95	−69.02	54.68	2.810	−0.460
	60	0.53	−0.411	26.76	−68.98	54.85	2.799	−0.449
	70	0.53	−0.322	26.53	−69.23	55.50	2.785	−0.435
	75	0.53	−0.263	26.40	−69.53	56.11	2.777	−0.427
	80	0.53	−0.219	26.31	−69.81	56.64	2.772	−0.422
_{${\tilde{Q}}_{β}$}	40	0.46	−0.0272	0.4841	−0.007	−0.764	0.0937	0.0563
	50	0.45	−0.0319	0.5295	0.055	−0.946	0.1119	0.0431
	60	0.44	−0.0329	0.5210	0.403	−1.509	0.1346	0.0254
	70	0.42	−0.0453	0.6462	0.467	−1.955	0.1626	0.0024
	75	0.42	−0.0515	0.7011	0.656	−2.381	0.1912	−0.0212
	80	0.42	−0.0547	0.7142	0.968	−2.899	0.2205	−0.0455
S	40	0.55	104.0	−472.0	927.9	−619.2	30.2	−14.7
	50	0.55	105.0	−510.0	1048.0	−729.2	26.4	−11.4
	60	0.55	104.6	−535.2	1121.6	−785.2	24.3	−9.8
	70	0.41	102.7	−560.1	1209.1	−853.1	19.9	−5.9
	75	0.40	101.1	−573.4	1264.0	−909.7	17.2	−3.4
	80	0.39	99.8	−582.9	1305.1	−955.5	14.9	−1.4

Table 3

Coefficients of the Conversion-Factor Fitting Curves for a Wavelength of 355 nma

W (%)	S _c (sr)	S < S _c				S > S _c

		a	Δa	b	Δb	a	Δa	b	Δb
Extinction to Surface Area: y = C _α ^A = 4/ ${\tilde{Q}}_{α}$
40	40.3	1.627	0.067	−0.0038	0.0020	0.259	0.298	0.0302	0.0057
50	40.3	1.519	0.070	−0.0003	0.0022	0.216	0.309	0.0320	0.0061
60	37.8	1.561	0.063	−0.0022	0.0022	0.310	0.279	0.0310	0.0058
70	34.5	1.547	0.057	−0.0022	0.0022	0.474	0.256	0.0290	0.0056
75	31.5	1.525	0.054	−0.0016	0.0022	0.614	0.229	0.0273	0.0053
80	29.5	1.538	0.051	−0.0026	0.0023	0.685	0.218	0.0263	0.0052
Backscattering to Surface Area: y = C _β ^A = 4/ ${\tilde{Q}}_{β}$
40	40.3	3.34	2.39	1.395	0.072	−81.8	16.6	3.35	0.32
50	40.3	−1.66	2.53	1.565	0.081	−81.0	16.7	3.49	0.33
60	37.8	0.53	2.15	1.477	0.075	−71.3	14.6	3.35	0.30
70	34.5	0.38	1.84	1.472	0.070	−59.3	12.8	3.17	0.28
75	31.5	−0.25	1.60	1.496	0.067	−49.9	11.1	3.01	0.26
80	29.5	0.44	1.45	1.456	0.064	−44.9	10.4	2.92	0.25
Extinction to Volume: y = C _α ^V = 4 $\tilde{r}$ /3 ${\tilde{Q}}_{α}$
40	40.3	0.366	0.007	−0.0057	0.0002	0.186	0.006	−0.0013	0.0001
50	40.3	0.350	0.007	−0.0057	0.0002	0.169	0.006	−0.0011	0.0001
60	37.8	0.334	0.008	−0.0057	0.0003	0.159	0.006	−0.0010	0.0001
70	34.5	0.315	0.008	−0.0057	0.0003	0.146	0.005	−0.0009	0.0001
75	31.5	0.305	0.008	−0.0058	0.0003	0.142	0.005	−0.0008	0.0001
80	29.5	0.299	0.008	−0.0059	0.0003	0.139	0.005	−0.0008	0.0001
Backscattering to Volume: y = C _β ^V = 4 $\tilde{r}$ /3 ${\tilde{Q}}_{β}$
40	40.3	6.06	0.15	−0.013	0.004	3.39	0.25	0.050	0.005
50	40.3	5.35	0.17	−0.007	0.006	2.76	0.28	0.057	0.006
60	37.8	4.61	0.18	0.001	0.006	2.32	0.26	0.061	0.005
70	34.5	3.79	0.16	0.011	0.006	1.79	0.23	0.067	0.005
75	31.5	3.29	0.15	0.017	0.006	1.60	0.20	0.067	0.005
80	29.5	3.00	0.14	0.020	0.006	1.47	0.19	0.068	0.005
Lidar Ratio to Effective Radius: y = $\tilde{r}$
40	40.3	0.694	0.018	−0.0102	0.0005	0.489	0.024	−0.0054	0.0005
50	40.3	0.680	0.018	−0.0106	0.0006	0.463	0.025	−0.0052	0.0005
60	37.8	0.644	0.019	−0.0104	0.0007	0.440	0.024	−0.0050	0.0005
70	34.5	0.610	0.018	−0.0104	0.0007	0.398	0.023	−0.0045	0.0005
75	31.5	0.597	0.017	−0.0108	0.0007	0.375	0.021	−0.0043	0.0005
80	29.5	0.584	0.017	−0.0110	0.0007	0.361	0.020	−0.0041	0.0005

a The fit curves have the form y = a + bS. W is the H₂SO₄ weight content.

Table 4

Coefficients of the Conversion-Factor Fitting Curves as in Table 3, but for 308 nm

W (%)	S _c (sr)	S < S _c				S > S _c

		a	Δa	b	Δb	a	Δa	b	Δb
Extinction to Surface Area: y = C _α ^A = 4/ ${\tilde{Q}}_{α}$
40	32.5	1.749	0.072	−0.0103	0.0028	0.776	0.148	0.0196	0.0034
50	31.1	1.739	0.060	−0.0110	0.0025	0.766	0.139	0.0203	0.0033
60	28.6	1.714	0.053	−0.0112	0.0024	0.828	0.137	0.0197	0.0034
70	25.2	1.732	0.045	−0.0141	0.0023	0.906	0.124	0.0187	0.0033
75	22.8	1.720	0.040	−0.0152	0.0022	0.965	0.140	0.0179	0.0038
80	22.3	1.632	0.041	−0.0110	0.0024	0.993	0.148	0.0176	0.0041
Backscattering to Surface Area: y = C _β ^A = 4/ ${\tilde{Q}}_{β}$
40	32.5	5.38	1.95	1.270	0.076	−39.8	7.7	2.59	0.17
50	31.1	5.56	1.56	1.236	0.065	−37.2	7.0	2.56	0.17
60	28.6	4.68	1.26	1.247	0.058	−32.7	6.7	2.49	0.17
70	25.2	5.24	0.98	1.179	0.050	−26.4	5.7	2.37	0.15
75	22.8	4.82	0.83	1.168	0.046	−23.9	6.3	2.32	0.17
80	22.3	2.61	0.82	1.284	0.049	−22.4	6.4	2.29	0.18
Extinction to Volume: y = C _α ^V = 4 $\tilde{r}$ /3 ${\tilde{Q}}_{α}$
40	32.5	0.418	0.019	−0.0091	0.0007	0.174	0.005	−0.0015	0.0001
50	31.1	0.397	0.016	−0.0091	0.0007	0.167	0.005	−0.0015	0.0001
60	28.6	0.371	0.016	−0.0089	0.0007	0.157	0.005	−0.0014	0.0001
70	25.2	0.335	0.017	−0.0082	0.0008	0.148	0.006	−0.0013	0.0001
75	22.8	0.324	0.016	−0.0085	0.0009	0.138	0.005	−0.0012	0.0001
80	22.3	0.315	0.014	−0.0087	0.0008	0.129	0.005	−0.0011	0.0001
Backscattering to Volume: y = C _β ^V = 4/ $\tilde{r}$ /3 ${\tilde{Q}}_{β}$
40	32.5	5.63	0.48	−0.039	0.019	2.92	0.18	0.036	0.004
50	31.1	5.06	0.38	−0.037	0.016	2.57	0.17	0.039	0.004
60	28.6	4.13	0.36	−0.017	0.017	2.18	0.18	0.043	0.004
70	25.2	3.12	0.36	0.010	0.018	1.79	0.17	0.047	0.005
75	22.8	2.73	0.31	0.014	0.017	1.52	0.18	0.049	0.005
80	22.3	2.48	0.25	0.014	0.015	1.30	0.17	0.052	0.005
Lidar Ratio to Effective Radius: y = $\tilde{r}$
40	32.5	0.764	0.039	−0.0153	0.0015	0.427	0.018	−0.0050	0.0004
50	31.1	0.732	0.033	−0.0153	0.0014	0.419	0.018	−0.0051	0.0004
60	28.6	0.691	0.032	−0.0151	0.0015	0.391	0.019	−0.0048	0.0005
70	25.2	0.623	0.032	−0.0135	0.0016	0.367	0.019	−0.0046	0.0005
75	22.8	0.607	0.029	−0.0141	0.0016	0.336	0.020	−0.0042	0.0005
80	22.3	0.604	0.026	−0.0153	0.0015	0.315	0.020	−0.0039	0.0006

Table 5

Relative Systematic Errors Δβ/β, Δα/α, and ΔS/S (in Percent) as a Result of Uncertainties in Temperature (ΔT), Ozone Concentration (ΔO₃, for 308 nm only), Reference Values [Δβ(z ₀)], and Mean Relative Systematic Errors (MRSE) for Measurement Wavelengths of 308 and 355 nma

Error	Caseb	ΔT ±2 K	ΔO₃ ±20%	Δβ(z ₀) ±0.01 β_Ray(z ₀)	MRSE

					308 nm	355 nm
Δβ/β	1	1	8	5	9	5
	2	2	12	8	21	8
	3	4	24	16	29	16
	4	8	48	32	58	33
Δα/α	1	4	33		33	5
	2	8	50		51	8
	3	15	100		101	15
	4	30	200		>200	30
ΔS/S	1	5	40	5	41	8
	2	9	60	8	62	12
	3	15	>150	16	>150	22
	4	31	>200	32	>200	45

a Different absolute values of β and α corresponding to different stratospheric perturbations observed during the first 3 years after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in June 1991 are considered. Cases 1 and 2 characterize the situation until spring 1993.
b Case 1, β = 0.00075 km⁻¹ sr⁻¹, α = 0.015 km⁻¹, S = 20 sr; case 2, β = 0.0005 km⁻¹ sr⁻¹, α = 0.01 km⁻¹, S = 20 sr; case 3, β = 0.00025 km⁻¹ sr⁻¹, α = 0.005 km⁻¹, S = 20 sr; case 4, β = 0.000125 km⁻¹ sr⁻¹, α = 0.0025 km⁻¹, S = 20 sr.

Table 6

Coefficients of the Fitting Curves as in Table 1, but for 532 nm

y	W (%)	${\tilde{r}}_{c}$ (μm)	a ₀	a ₁	a ₂	a ₃	b ₀	b ₁
_{${\tilde{Q}}_{α}$}	40	0.45	−1.218	17.01	−13.62	−10.07	2.979	−0.479
	50	0.45	−1.289	18.21	−17.52	−6.56	2.974	−0.474
	60	0.45	−1.374	19.68	−22.41	−2.02	2.968	−0.468
	70	0.45	−1.471	21.40	−28.32	3.63	2.961	−0.461
	75	0.45	−1.515	22.18	−31.06	6.31	2.958	−0.458
	80	0.45	−1.536	22.56	−32.43	7.66	2.956	−0.456
_{${\tilde{Q}}_{β}$}	40	0.55	−0.0032	0.1015	0.186	−0.294	−0.0007	0.1107
	50	0.55	−0.0029	0.0973	0.243	−0.328	0.0200	0.0900
	60	0.55	−0.0023	0.0881	0.331	−0.379	0.0439	0.0711
	70	0.55	−0.0014	0.0731	0.458	−0.449	0.0748	0.0502
	75	0.55	−0.0008	0.0627	0.532	−0.492	0.0916	0.0384
	80	0.55	−0.0005	0.0579	0.568	−0.511	0.1013	0.0307
S	40	0.55	7.4	614.6	−1838.9	1523.1	66.4	−43.4
	50	0.55	9.6	593.3	−1863.5	1594.2	55.2	−32.2
	60	0.54	12.8	560.4	−1866.0	1656.9	44.3	−22.3
	70	0.53	17.4	510.1	−1821.0	1684.4	34.9	−14.9
	75	0.52	19.8	482.4	−1781.4	1677.8	30.7	−11.2
	80	0.52	21.0	467.5	−1756.8	1669.5	29.1	−10.1

Determination of stratospheric aerosol microphysical properties from independent extinction and backscattering measurements with a Raman lidar

Abstract

Cited By

Figures (8)

Tables (6)

Equations (10)

Applied Optics

Determination of stratospheric aerosol microphysical properties from independent extinction and backscattering measurements with a Raman lidar

Author Affiliations

Abstract

Cited By

Figures (8)

Tables (6)

Equations (10)

Applied Optics