Preface vi This Manual is not meant to be prescriptive but to offer guidance and ideas with case ... more Preface vi This Manual is not meant to be prescriptive but to offer guidance and ideas with case studies from around the world. It is hoped that components will be useful in training, reviewing the ongoing work of botanic gardens and helping to raise standards. The internet-based version aims to facilitate a better understanding and visualization of interconnected themes and processes, and allows for regular updates, whilst users also have the option to download a print copy. Interactive, hyperlinked information is provided with extensive references for further information. Key messages are highlighted and illustrations are designed to reinforce important points. Overall, this Manual is intended to offer a globally representative illustration of botanic garden development and management issues, beyond a national or particular thematic focus. Feedback will be invaluable to ensure that the guidance and information provided meets its purpose and evolves over time to better serve the botanic garden community.
Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, 2020
Set in the heart of the Scottish Highlands, Inverewe is one of the most spectacular garden locati... more Set in the heart of the Scottish Highlands, Inverewe is one of the most spectacular garden locations in the UK. Situated beside the A382 on the North Coast 500 tourist route, the property receives over 100,000 visitors each year, drawn to see a diversity of plants and to enjoy the breathtaking backdrop of mountains and seascape it affords. Since its first plantings in 1864, the property has been a centre for experimental approaches to establishing and growing tender woody and herbaceous perennials, while a diaspora of alumni have gone on to fulfil prominent roles in the horticultural industry over the years. The garden today covers approximately 22 ha of mainly woodland gardens, renowned for the diversity of their designed elements and whose conservation management is based on a thorough understanding, appreciation and analysis of the garden’s historical development and its significance in local, regional and national contexts.In recent years, Inverewe has faced a number of challeng...
The trees in Hyde Park remove a total of 2.7 tonnes of pollutants each year and store 3,900 tonne... more The trees in Hyde Park remove a total of 2.7 tonnes of pollutants each year and store 3,900 tonnes of CO 2. Existing trees in Hyde Park divert up to 3,600 cubic meters of storm water runoff away from the local sewer systems each year. This is worth over £5,430 annually. The total replacement cost of all trees in the Hyde Park currently stands at, over £12,200,000. The London plane currently dominates the tree-scape within Hyde Park, making up 37.4% of the tree population, storing 75.9% of all carbon and filtering a similar proportion of all air pollutants. Replacement Cost: value based on the physical resource itself (e.g., the cost of having to replace a tree with a similar tree) using the Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers (CTLA) methodology guidance from the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors Carbon storage: the amount of carbon bound up in the aboveground and below-ground parts of woody vegetation. Carbon sequestration: the annual removal of carbon dioxide from the air by plants. Carbon storage and carbon sequestration values are calculated based on DECC figures of £64 per metric ton for 2017. Pollution removal: This is calculated based on the UK social damage costs and the US externality prices where UK figures are not available; £927 per metric ton (carbon monoxide), £6,528 per metric ton (ozone), £98,907 per metric ton (nitrogen dioxide), £1,956 per metric ton (sulphur dioxide), £273,193 per metric ton (particulate matter less than 2.5 microns). Avoided Runoff: Based on the amount of water held in the tree canopy and re-evaporated after the rainfall event. The value is based on an average volumetric charge of £1.516p per cubic metre and includes the cost of avoided energy and associated greenhouse gas emissions. Capital Asset Value for Amenity Trees (CAVAT): A valuation method with a similar basis to the CTLA Trunk Formula Method, but one developed in the UK to express a tree's relative contribution to public amenity and its prominence in the urban landscape. Data processed using iTree Eco Version 6.1.18. Hyde Park Headline Figures Baseline Facts Total Number of trees measured 3,174 Tree cover 34.5% Most common species London Plane, Lime and Sweet Chestnut Replacement cost £12,246,490 Species Recorded 104 Amounts and Values £/ha Pollution removal 2.71 tonnes £183,
Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture
To thrive and stay relevant to the needs of society, botanic gardens need to be able to adapt and... more To thrive and stay relevant to the needs of society, botanic gardens need to be able to adapt and change. This is especially the case now that there is such an urgent need to explain the changing world to visitors. There is also a need to accept that their collections and gardens are difficult to change due to their inherent limitations and historical context. This paper seeks to address this issue by providing an overview of one of Europe’s oldest botanic gardens, de Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam, as one which has developed a collection policy to provide greater flexibility to shape the organisation while retaining the spirit of place or genius loci. The paper provides a framework to help reconsider the context and content of collection themes and to provide a sustainable basis that best meets the needs of the current organisation. This framework also provides a flexible approach to planning collections in the future.
Set in the heart of the Scottish Highlands, Inverewe is one of the most spectacular garden locati... more Set in the heart of the Scottish Highlands, Inverewe is one of the most spectacular garden locations in the UK. Situated beside the A382 on the North Coast 500 tourist route, the property receives over 100,000 visitors each year, drawn to see a diversity of plants and to enjoy the breathtaking backdrop of mountains and seascape it affords. Since its first plantings in 1864, the property has been a centre for experimental approaches to establishing and growing tender woody and herbaceous perennials, while a diaspora of alumni have gone on to fulfil prominent roles in the horticultural industry over the years. The garden today covers approximately 22 ha of mainly woodland gardens, renowned for the diversity of their designed elements and whose conservation management is based on a thorough understanding, appreciation and analysis of the garden's historical development and its significance in local, regional and national contexts. In recent years, Inverewe has faced a number of challenges related to the growing impact of global change, with increased occurrences of extreme weather events, and emergent pest and disease incidents associated with climate change and the movement of plants and their vectors, which include human-aided transport of problems between sites. In this context, this article provides a lens on the drivers of change that the plant collection is facing in the early decades of the 21st century. After an introduction to the garden, its evolved collections and management approach, three case studies are highlighted as examples of emerging threats to Inverewe as a garden and work of art. Inverewe is presented as a landscape that endures through adaptation to social, economic and, increasingly, environmental challenges that shape the direction it takes as a garden and plant collection growing on the edge.
Europe's first vertical farm is currently being piloted with VertiCrop TM at Paignton Zoo in Devo... more Europe's first vertical farm is currently being piloted with VertiCrop TM at Paignton Zoo in Devon. It is experimenting High Density Vertical Growing as a sustainable solution to feeding increasing urban populations in twenty-first century towns and cities. The technology comes at a time when alternative land uses, such as biofuel and fiber production, are competing with traditional food production for the available soil and water resource. While increasing pressure is being placed on the managers of land to adapt and contribute to the mitigation of climate change through less intensive resource management. VertiCrop (VC) is an integrated hydroponic approach that addresses the central issue of optimising resource use to grow crops near to where they are consumed, using the most advanced technology to ensure efficient crop production. Advanced irrigation equipment and a soilless culture removes the need for good agricultural land, while utilizing vertical space further reduces the area of land required to grow any crop. The pilot project grows 11,200 plants in a greenhouse of 100 square meters, using a conveyor driven stacked growing system various micro greens, lettuce and salad mixes have been planted sequentially to provide a regular supply of fresh green leaves; with the primary focus of economic profitability, improved nutritional value and environmental enrichment to improve animal feeding regimes at the zoo. The potential of VC opens up the way for schools, hospitals and housing estates in cities and towns to grow their own vegetables, to reduce their carbon footprint and associated food miles. In the future, it will be possible to extend the research direction to include vertical cultivation of food, biofuels and medicinal crops, such as high market value pharmaceutical products.
The benefits of trees are increasingly being evidenced to help inform sustainable land use.
The ... more The benefits of trees are increasingly being evidenced to help inform sustainable land use.
The recent report commissioned by The Royal Parks & compiled with my associates at TREECONOMICS LIMITED provides a valuable insight into how tree diversity is offsetting human impacts #sustainability #trees #parks #landuse
In summary
The tree population of the park, which is composed of some 104 species from 45 genera, removes some 2.71 tonnes of pollution per annum, stores some 3,872 tonnes of carbon, sequesters some 88 tonnes of carbon each year and facilitates some 3,584 cubic metres of avoided storm water run-off by intercepting rainfall. The total value of the benefits measured amount to an annual figure of some £209,000 with the tree population of the park having a total amenity asset value of £173m.
Valuing Edinburgh’s Urban Trees: a free technical resource
In 2017 Kenton Rogers and I were fort... more Valuing Edinburgh’s Urban Trees: a free technical resource
In 2017 Kenton Rogers and I were fortunate to help review data gathered by Forest Research in 2011 for The city of Edinburgh.
The review enabled TREECONOMICS LIMITED and Forest Research to draw upon latest critical thinking to help inform a future sustainable land use through the urban forest.
The output was this comprehensive technical report that I believe has relevance to a wider audience involved in urban forest, conservation & heritage land management.
Overlooked and undervalued our urban tree population represents a living resource that is acutely... more Overlooked and undervalued our urban tree population represents a living resource that is acutely vulnerable in a time of global change. A shared resource, improving the environmental quality of human habitat while positively contributing to health and wellbeing. Derived from one of the narrowest cloned gene pools propagated by an even narrower supply chain. With poor robustness to survive outside of a high input resource use environments. This vulnerability is explored along with strategies to increase robustness. Integral to developing sustainable urban ecosystems fit for the future. This presentation looks at the trees in the green realm as a resource to build resilience. Building upon previous work that presented the evidence base for improved tree selection and placement to grow a more resilient urban tree resource. The Urban Arboretum is presented as a concept to address the issues of informing the following three critical areas of urban forestry: 1.Improving the structure and...
An overview of urban agriculture is introduced as a significant means to contribute to sustainabl... more An overview of urban agriculture is introduced as a significant means to contribute to sustainable agricultural intensification. The case for seriously exploring a commercially viable urban agriculture that is complimentary to a peri-urban agriculture is made as a means for increasing resilience and margins in the UK food supply chain.
Europe's first vertical farm is currently being piloted with VertiCrop TM at Paignton Zoo in Devo... more Europe's first vertical farm is currently being piloted with VertiCrop TM at Paignton Zoo in Devon. It is experimenting High Density Vertical Growing as a sustainable solution to feeding increasing urban populations in twenty-first century towns and cities. The technology comes at a time when alternative land uses, such as biofuel and fiber production, are competing with traditional food production for the available soil and water resource. While increasing pressure is being placed on the managers of land to adapt and contribute to the mitigation of climate change through less intensive resource management. VertiCrop (VC) is an integrated hydroponic approach that addresses the central issue of optimising resource use to grow crops near to where they are consumed, using the most advanced technology to ensure efficient crop production. Advanced irrigation equipment and a soilless culture removes the need for good agricultural land, while utilizing vertical space further reduces the area of land required to grow any crop. The pilot project grows 11,200 plants in a greenhouse of 100 square meters, using a conveyor driven stacked growing system various micro greens, lettuce and salad mixes have been planted sequentially to provide a regular supply of fresh green leaves; with the primary focus of economic profitability, improved nutritional value and environmental enrichment to improve animal feeding regimes at the zoo. The potential of VC opens up the way for schools, hospitals and housing estates in cities and towns to grow their own vegetables, to reduce their carbon footprint and associated food miles. In the future, it will be possible to extend the research direction to include vertical cultivation of food, biofuels and medicinal crops, such as high market value pharmaceutical products.
Paignton Zoo has undertaken a novel project together with a multinational plant technology group ... more Paignton Zoo has undertaken a novel project together with a multinational plant technology group to build Europe's first vertical growing facility. The project represents the first zoo-based sustainable growing laboratory. It is an example of how zoos and botanic gardens can demonstrate sustainability to their visitors, through reducing their own impacts on the environment, with plant based solutions, to offset the impact of anthropogenic global change on biodiversity. Urban agriculture and High Density Vertical Growing technology should be seen as an essential element which can help to achieve Millennium Development Goals, most specifically goal number one: to end poverty and hunger, and goal number seven: to ensure environmental sustainability by taking pressure off habitats to service unsustainable cities through agricultural domestication or otherwise unsustainable land use.
Preface vi This Manual is not meant to be prescriptive but to offer guidance and ideas with case ... more Preface vi This Manual is not meant to be prescriptive but to offer guidance and ideas with case studies from around the world. It is hoped that components will be useful in training, reviewing the ongoing work of botanic gardens and helping to raise standards. The internet-based version aims to facilitate a better understanding and visualization of interconnected themes and processes, and allows for regular updates, whilst users also have the option to download a print copy. Interactive, hyperlinked information is provided with extensive references for further information. Key messages are highlighted and illustrations are designed to reinforce important points. Overall, this Manual is intended to offer a globally representative illustration of botanic garden development and management issues, beyond a national or particular thematic focus. Feedback will be invaluable to ensure that the guidance and information provided meets its purpose and evolves over time to better serve the botanic garden community.
Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, 2020
Set in the heart of the Scottish Highlands, Inverewe is one of the most spectacular garden locati... more Set in the heart of the Scottish Highlands, Inverewe is one of the most spectacular garden locations in the UK. Situated beside the A382 on the North Coast 500 tourist route, the property receives over 100,000 visitors each year, drawn to see a diversity of plants and to enjoy the breathtaking backdrop of mountains and seascape it affords. Since its first plantings in 1864, the property has been a centre for experimental approaches to establishing and growing tender woody and herbaceous perennials, while a diaspora of alumni have gone on to fulfil prominent roles in the horticultural industry over the years. The garden today covers approximately 22 ha of mainly woodland gardens, renowned for the diversity of their designed elements and whose conservation management is based on a thorough understanding, appreciation and analysis of the garden’s historical development and its significance in local, regional and national contexts.In recent years, Inverewe has faced a number of challeng...
The trees in Hyde Park remove a total of 2.7 tonnes of pollutants each year and store 3,900 tonne... more The trees in Hyde Park remove a total of 2.7 tonnes of pollutants each year and store 3,900 tonnes of CO 2. Existing trees in Hyde Park divert up to 3,600 cubic meters of storm water runoff away from the local sewer systems each year. This is worth over £5,430 annually. The total replacement cost of all trees in the Hyde Park currently stands at, over £12,200,000. The London plane currently dominates the tree-scape within Hyde Park, making up 37.4% of the tree population, storing 75.9% of all carbon and filtering a similar proportion of all air pollutants. Replacement Cost: value based on the physical resource itself (e.g., the cost of having to replace a tree with a similar tree) using the Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers (CTLA) methodology guidance from the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors Carbon storage: the amount of carbon bound up in the aboveground and below-ground parts of woody vegetation. Carbon sequestration: the annual removal of carbon dioxide from the air by plants. Carbon storage and carbon sequestration values are calculated based on DECC figures of £64 per metric ton for 2017. Pollution removal: This is calculated based on the UK social damage costs and the US externality prices where UK figures are not available; £927 per metric ton (carbon monoxide), £6,528 per metric ton (ozone), £98,907 per metric ton (nitrogen dioxide), £1,956 per metric ton (sulphur dioxide), £273,193 per metric ton (particulate matter less than 2.5 microns). Avoided Runoff: Based on the amount of water held in the tree canopy and re-evaporated after the rainfall event. The value is based on an average volumetric charge of £1.516p per cubic metre and includes the cost of avoided energy and associated greenhouse gas emissions. Capital Asset Value for Amenity Trees (CAVAT): A valuation method with a similar basis to the CTLA Trunk Formula Method, but one developed in the UK to express a tree's relative contribution to public amenity and its prominence in the urban landscape. Data processed using iTree Eco Version 6.1.18. Hyde Park Headline Figures Baseline Facts Total Number of trees measured 3,174 Tree cover 34.5% Most common species London Plane, Lime and Sweet Chestnut Replacement cost £12,246,490 Species Recorded 104 Amounts and Values £/ha Pollution removal 2.71 tonnes £183,
Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture
To thrive and stay relevant to the needs of society, botanic gardens need to be able to adapt and... more To thrive and stay relevant to the needs of society, botanic gardens need to be able to adapt and change. This is especially the case now that there is such an urgent need to explain the changing world to visitors. There is also a need to accept that their collections and gardens are difficult to change due to their inherent limitations and historical context. This paper seeks to address this issue by providing an overview of one of Europe’s oldest botanic gardens, de Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam, as one which has developed a collection policy to provide greater flexibility to shape the organisation while retaining the spirit of place or genius loci. The paper provides a framework to help reconsider the context and content of collection themes and to provide a sustainable basis that best meets the needs of the current organisation. This framework also provides a flexible approach to planning collections in the future.
Set in the heart of the Scottish Highlands, Inverewe is one of the most spectacular garden locati... more Set in the heart of the Scottish Highlands, Inverewe is one of the most spectacular garden locations in the UK. Situated beside the A382 on the North Coast 500 tourist route, the property receives over 100,000 visitors each year, drawn to see a diversity of plants and to enjoy the breathtaking backdrop of mountains and seascape it affords. Since its first plantings in 1864, the property has been a centre for experimental approaches to establishing and growing tender woody and herbaceous perennials, while a diaspora of alumni have gone on to fulfil prominent roles in the horticultural industry over the years. The garden today covers approximately 22 ha of mainly woodland gardens, renowned for the diversity of their designed elements and whose conservation management is based on a thorough understanding, appreciation and analysis of the garden's historical development and its significance in local, regional and national contexts. In recent years, Inverewe has faced a number of challenges related to the growing impact of global change, with increased occurrences of extreme weather events, and emergent pest and disease incidents associated with climate change and the movement of plants and their vectors, which include human-aided transport of problems between sites. In this context, this article provides a lens on the drivers of change that the plant collection is facing in the early decades of the 21st century. After an introduction to the garden, its evolved collections and management approach, three case studies are highlighted as examples of emerging threats to Inverewe as a garden and work of art. Inverewe is presented as a landscape that endures through adaptation to social, economic and, increasingly, environmental challenges that shape the direction it takes as a garden and plant collection growing on the edge.
Europe's first vertical farm is currently being piloted with VertiCrop TM at Paignton Zoo in Devo... more Europe's first vertical farm is currently being piloted with VertiCrop TM at Paignton Zoo in Devon. It is experimenting High Density Vertical Growing as a sustainable solution to feeding increasing urban populations in twenty-first century towns and cities. The technology comes at a time when alternative land uses, such as biofuel and fiber production, are competing with traditional food production for the available soil and water resource. While increasing pressure is being placed on the managers of land to adapt and contribute to the mitigation of climate change through less intensive resource management. VertiCrop (VC) is an integrated hydroponic approach that addresses the central issue of optimising resource use to grow crops near to where they are consumed, using the most advanced technology to ensure efficient crop production. Advanced irrigation equipment and a soilless culture removes the need for good agricultural land, while utilizing vertical space further reduces the area of land required to grow any crop. The pilot project grows 11,200 plants in a greenhouse of 100 square meters, using a conveyor driven stacked growing system various micro greens, lettuce and salad mixes have been planted sequentially to provide a regular supply of fresh green leaves; with the primary focus of economic profitability, improved nutritional value and environmental enrichment to improve animal feeding regimes at the zoo. The potential of VC opens up the way for schools, hospitals and housing estates in cities and towns to grow their own vegetables, to reduce their carbon footprint and associated food miles. In the future, it will be possible to extend the research direction to include vertical cultivation of food, biofuels and medicinal crops, such as high market value pharmaceutical products.
The benefits of trees are increasingly being evidenced to help inform sustainable land use.
The ... more The benefits of trees are increasingly being evidenced to help inform sustainable land use.
The recent report commissioned by The Royal Parks & compiled with my associates at TREECONOMICS LIMITED provides a valuable insight into how tree diversity is offsetting human impacts #sustainability #trees #parks #landuse
In summary
The tree population of the park, which is composed of some 104 species from 45 genera, removes some 2.71 tonnes of pollution per annum, stores some 3,872 tonnes of carbon, sequesters some 88 tonnes of carbon each year and facilitates some 3,584 cubic metres of avoided storm water run-off by intercepting rainfall. The total value of the benefits measured amount to an annual figure of some £209,000 with the tree population of the park having a total amenity asset value of £173m.
Valuing Edinburgh’s Urban Trees: a free technical resource
In 2017 Kenton Rogers and I were fort... more Valuing Edinburgh’s Urban Trees: a free technical resource
In 2017 Kenton Rogers and I were fortunate to help review data gathered by Forest Research in 2011 for The city of Edinburgh.
The review enabled TREECONOMICS LIMITED and Forest Research to draw upon latest critical thinking to help inform a future sustainable land use through the urban forest.
The output was this comprehensive technical report that I believe has relevance to a wider audience involved in urban forest, conservation & heritage land management.
Overlooked and undervalued our urban tree population represents a living resource that is acutely... more Overlooked and undervalued our urban tree population represents a living resource that is acutely vulnerable in a time of global change. A shared resource, improving the environmental quality of human habitat while positively contributing to health and wellbeing. Derived from one of the narrowest cloned gene pools propagated by an even narrower supply chain. With poor robustness to survive outside of a high input resource use environments. This vulnerability is explored along with strategies to increase robustness. Integral to developing sustainable urban ecosystems fit for the future. This presentation looks at the trees in the green realm as a resource to build resilience. Building upon previous work that presented the evidence base for improved tree selection and placement to grow a more resilient urban tree resource. The Urban Arboretum is presented as a concept to address the issues of informing the following three critical areas of urban forestry: 1.Improving the structure and...
An overview of urban agriculture is introduced as a significant means to contribute to sustainabl... more An overview of urban agriculture is introduced as a significant means to contribute to sustainable agricultural intensification. The case for seriously exploring a commercially viable urban agriculture that is complimentary to a peri-urban agriculture is made as a means for increasing resilience and margins in the UK food supply chain.
Europe's first vertical farm is currently being piloted with VertiCrop TM at Paignton Zoo in Devo... more Europe's first vertical farm is currently being piloted with VertiCrop TM at Paignton Zoo in Devon. It is experimenting High Density Vertical Growing as a sustainable solution to feeding increasing urban populations in twenty-first century towns and cities. The technology comes at a time when alternative land uses, such as biofuel and fiber production, are competing with traditional food production for the available soil and water resource. While increasing pressure is being placed on the managers of land to adapt and contribute to the mitigation of climate change through less intensive resource management. VertiCrop (VC) is an integrated hydroponic approach that addresses the central issue of optimising resource use to grow crops near to where they are consumed, using the most advanced technology to ensure efficient crop production. Advanced irrigation equipment and a soilless culture removes the need for good agricultural land, while utilizing vertical space further reduces the area of land required to grow any crop. The pilot project grows 11,200 plants in a greenhouse of 100 square meters, using a conveyor driven stacked growing system various micro greens, lettuce and salad mixes have been planted sequentially to provide a regular supply of fresh green leaves; with the primary focus of economic profitability, improved nutritional value and environmental enrichment to improve animal feeding regimes at the zoo. The potential of VC opens up the way for schools, hospitals and housing estates in cities and towns to grow their own vegetables, to reduce their carbon footprint and associated food miles. In the future, it will be possible to extend the research direction to include vertical cultivation of food, biofuels and medicinal crops, such as high market value pharmaceutical products.
Paignton Zoo has undertaken a novel project together with a multinational plant technology group ... more Paignton Zoo has undertaken a novel project together with a multinational plant technology group to build Europe's first vertical growing facility. The project represents the first zoo-based sustainable growing laboratory. It is an example of how zoos and botanic gardens can demonstrate sustainability to their visitors, through reducing their own impacts on the environment, with plant based solutions, to offset the impact of anthropogenic global change on biodiversity. Urban agriculture and High Density Vertical Growing technology should be seen as an essential element which can help to achieve Millennium Development Goals, most specifically goal number one: to end poverty and hunger, and goal number seven: to ensure environmental sustainability by taking pressure off habitats to service unsustainable cities through agricultural domestication or otherwise unsustainable land use.
International Environmental Enrichment Proceedings , 2009
Plants form the fabric within and around which animals live their lives. As the ultimate source o... more Plants form the fabric within and around which animals live their lives. As the ultimate source of food to fuel their lives, to the provision of structures that make a safe home. Plants or plant derivatives determine much of the natural behaviour of animals in the wild. But what of plants in captive environments? Plants form a major part of all terrestrial animals’ environments, yet their inclusion in the field of environmental enrichment, has not been widely recognised to date. Overlooked and undervalued plants have certainly not been utilised to their full capacity. Approaches will be revealed in this paper which explores how zoos might look to optimise the potential of plants to enrich the lives of captive animals.
This conference paper presents the argument that the time is right to innovate with new approache... more This conference paper presents the argument that the time is right to innovate with new approaches to addressing the challenges of food production and supply in a time of global change . As more and more people engage in urban growing projects; taking control over what resources they can, reacting to a concern of the perceived lack of food security in a world increasingly reliant upon global trade to make consumers less vulnerable to local shortages and the higher prices caused by bad weather, disease or civil disorder. Unable to control the global they are compelled to act locally to realise a trust-based local trade as an antidote to global challenges, achieved through a range of growing actives from community gardens that use a Social and Therapeutic Horticultural approach (STH) to the resurgent interest in a new commercial market garden approach to commercial production where people are literally growing a more tangible resilient future they can see, touch and taste for themselves. The concept of Food Smart Cities is explored as a model to help make the transition from a globalised unsustainable food production and supply system into a more interconnected and sustainable model.
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Papers by kevin frediani
The recent report commissioned by The Royal Parks & compiled with my associates at TREECONOMICS LIMITED provides a valuable insight into how tree diversity is offsetting human impacts
#sustainability #trees #parks #landuse
In summary
The tree population of the park, which is composed of some 104 species from 45 genera, removes some 2.71 tonnes of pollution per annum, stores some 3,872 tonnes of carbon, sequesters some 88 tonnes of carbon each year and facilitates some 3,584 cubic metres of avoided storm water run-off by intercepting rainfall.
The total value of the benefits measured amount to an annual figure of some £209,000 with the tree population of the park having a total amenity asset value of £173m.
In 2017 Kenton Rogers and I were fortunate to help review data gathered by Forest Research in 2011 for The city of Edinburgh.
The review enabled TREECONOMICS LIMITED and Forest Research to draw upon latest critical thinking to help inform a future sustainable land use through the urban forest.
The output was this comprehensive technical report that I believe has relevance to a wider audience involved in urban forest, conservation & heritage land management.
The recent report commissioned by The Royal Parks & compiled with my associates at TREECONOMICS LIMITED provides a valuable insight into how tree diversity is offsetting human impacts
#sustainability #trees #parks #landuse
In summary
The tree population of the park, which is composed of some 104 species from 45 genera, removes some 2.71 tonnes of pollution per annum, stores some 3,872 tonnes of carbon, sequesters some 88 tonnes of carbon each year and facilitates some 3,584 cubic metres of avoided storm water run-off by intercepting rainfall.
The total value of the benefits measured amount to an annual figure of some £209,000 with the tree population of the park having a total amenity asset value of £173m.
In 2017 Kenton Rogers and I were fortunate to help review data gathered by Forest Research in 2011 for The city of Edinburgh.
The review enabled TREECONOMICS LIMITED and Forest Research to draw upon latest critical thinking to help inform a future sustainable land use through the urban forest.
The output was this comprehensive technical report that I believe has relevance to a wider audience involved in urban forest, conservation & heritage land management.
in captive environments? Plants form a major part of all terrestrial animals’ environments, yet their inclusion in the field of environmental enrichment, has not been widely recognised to date. Overlooked and undervalued plants have certainly not been utilised to their full capacity. Approaches will be revealed in this paper which explores how zoos might look to optimise the potential of plants to enrich the lives of
captive animals.