Year 1225 (MCCXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| Gregorian calendar | 1225 MCCXXV |
| Ab urbe condita | 1978 |
| Armenian calendar | 674 ԹՎ ՈՀԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5975 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1146–1147 |
| Bengali calendar | 632 |
| Berber calendar | 2175 |
| English Regnal year | 9 Hen. 3 – 10 Hen. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1769 |
| Burmese calendar | 587 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6733–6734 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲申年 (Wood Monkey) 3922 or 3715 — to — 乙酉年 (Wood Rooster) 3923 or 3716 |
| Coptic calendar | 941–942 |
| Discordian calendar | 2391 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1217–1218 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4985–4986 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1281–1282 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1146–1147 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4325–4326 |
| Holocene calendar | 11225 |
| Igbo calendar | 225–226 |
| Iranian calendar | 603–604 |
| Islamic calendar | 621–622 |
| Japanese calendar | Gennin 2 / Karoku 1 (嘉禄元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1133–1134 |
| Julian calendar | 1225 MCCXXV |
| Korean calendar | 3558 |
| Minguo calendar | 687 before ROC 民前687年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −243 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1767–1768 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳木猴年 (male Wood-Monkey) 1351 or 970 or 198 — to — 阴木鸡年 (female Wood-Rooster) 1352 or 971 or 199 |
Events
By place
Mongol Empire
- Autumn – Subutai is assigned a new campaign by Genghis Khan against the Tanguts. He crosses with a Mongol army the Gobi Desert, and advances south into the Western Xia (or Xi Xia). Meanwhile, Genghis, in his mid-sixties, becomes wounded during hunting. His injury – a dislocated shoulder, perhaps, or a bruised rib – forces him to take some rest.[1]
- Iltutmish, Ghurid ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, repels a Mongol attack and invades Bengal. His rival, Ghiyasuddin, leads an army to halt Iltutmish's advance, but decides to avoid a conflict by paying him tribute and accepting his suzerainty.[2]
Europe
- November 9 – Emperor Frederick II marries the 14-year-old Queen Yolande, heiress to the kingdom of Jerusalem, and adds the Crusader States to his dominions.[3]
- November 29 – The 12-year-old Henry VII marries, by order of his father Frederick II, Margaret of Austria, daughter of Duke Leopold VI (the Glorious).
- The Teutonic Knights are expelled from Transylvania by King Andrew II, because they wanted to separate from Hungary.
England
- February 11 – The Charter of the Forest is restored to his traditional rights by King Henry III. 'Free men' are allowed to find pasture for their pigs, collect firewood, graze animals, or cut turf for fuel. At this time, however, only about 10 percent of the population is 'free', the rest are locked into service to a local landowner, some of them little more than slaves.[4]
- The Magna Carta is reaffirmed (for the third time) by Henry III, in return for issuing a property tax. It becomes the definitive version of the text.[5]
Middle East
- Summer – Battle of Garni: Khwarezmid forces led by Jalal al-Din Mangburni defeat the Georgian army (some 70,000 men) at Garni. The royal court of Queen Rusudan moves to Kutaisi, while the Georgian capital Tbilisi is besieged by the Khwarezmians.
- October 5 – Caliph Al-Nasir dies from dysentery at Baghdad after a 45-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Al-Zahir as ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate.
Asia
- December 31 – Lý Chiêu Hoàng, only empress regnant in the history of Vietnam, marries Trần Thái Tông, making him the first ruler of the Trần Dynasty.
By topic
Religion
- July 27 – Visby Cathedral in Sweden is consecrated.
Births
- Chabi, Mongol empress and wife of Kublai Khan (d. 1281)
- David VI Narin (the Clever), king of Georgia (d. 1293)
- Sanchia of Provence, queen of Germany (d. 1261)
- Thomas Aquinas, Italian friar and theologian (d. 1274)
Deaths
- January 3 – Adolf III of Holstein, German nobleman (b. 1160)
- February 18 – Hugh Bigod, English nobleman (b. 1182)
- March 30 – Gertrude of Dagsburg, French noblewoman
- August 16 – Hōjō Masako, Japanese noblewoman (b. 1156)
- August 24 – Adelardo Cattaneo, Italian cardinal and bishop
- September 29 – Arnaud Amalric, French abbot and bishop
- October 5 – Al-Nasir, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (b. 1158)
- October 28 – Jien, Japanese poet and historian (b. 1155)
- November 7 – Engelbert II of Berg, archbishop of Cologne
- Ahmad al-Buni, Almohad mathematician and Sufi writer
- Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din, ruler of Damascus (b. 1169)
- Bernard Itier, French librarian and chronicler (b. 1163)
- Ghabdula Chelbir (or Chelbir), ruler of Volga Bulgaria
- Yehuda Alharizi, Spanish rabbi, translator and writer
References
- ^ John Man (2011). Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, p. 242. ISBN 978-0-553-81498-9.
- ^ Jackson, Peter (2003). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History, p. 36. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3.
- ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 147. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
- ^ Rothwell, Harry (1995). English Historical Documents 1189–1327, p. 347. ISBN 978-0-415-14368-4.
- ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 135–137. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.