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{{Short description|First chapter of the Qur'an}}
{{infobox surah
| number =1
| number-3 =001
| name =Al-Fātiḥah
| name-ar =الْفَاتِحَةٱلۡفَاتِحَةِ
| name-en =The Opening
| prev_sura = Quran 114
| othernames =The Key, The Opener
| prev_suranext_sura = Quran 1142
| next_sura =Quran 2
| classification =Meccan
| juz =1, [[Hizb]] 1
| verses =7
| words =25
| letters =113 or 139
| audio = Sura Minshawi 1.ogg
}}
[[File:Chapter 1, Al-Fatiha (Mujawwad) - Recitation of the Holy Qur'an.mp3|thumb|right|Recitation of Al-Fatiha in the [[Mujawwad]] style]]
{{Quran}}
{{Quran}}
[[Image:Al Fatihah - naskh script.jpg|thumb|A 14th- or 15th-century manuscript of the chapter]]
[[File:Headings for Chapter 1, al-Fatiha, and for Chapter 2, al-Baqara (CBL Is 1431, f.9b).jpg|thumb|Headings for Al-Fatiha, and for Chapter 2, [[Al-Baqara]]. From the Qur'an of [[Ibn al-Bawwab]]. [[Baghdad]], 1000/1001. [[Chester Beatty Library]]]]
[[File:Splendour Coran.jpg|thumb|Opening of a Splendour Quran|alt=]]
'''Al-FātiḥahFatiha''' ({{lang-langx|ar|ٱلۡفَاتِحَةِ|translit=al-Fātiḥa|lit=the الْفَاتِحَةOpening}}, ''The Opening'' or ''The Opener''. [[George Sale]] translates simply as ''The Preface'', or ''Introduction'') is the first chapter (''{{Transliteration|ar|[[sūrahsurah|sura]]''}}) of the [[Quran]]. ItsIt consists of seven verses (''{{Transliteration|ar|[[āyātayat]]}}'') arewhich consist of a [[prayer in IslamDua|prayer]] for the guidance, lordship, and mercy of [[God in Islam|God]].<ref name="Maududiqtaf">{{cite bookQtaf|last=Maududien:ibk|first=Sayyid Abul Ala1|title=Tafhim Al Quran|url=http://www.englishtafsir.com/Quran/1/index.html}}</ref> This chapter has an essential role in Islamic prayer (''[[salāt]]'').
 
Al-Fatiha is recited in Muslim obligatory and voluntary [[prayer]]s, known as ''[[salah]]''. The primary literal meaning of the expression "Al-Fatiha" is "The Opener/The Key".
Quranic chapter titles are a human fabrication and are not considered by Muslims to be part of the [[Revelation#Islam|divine revelation]] of the Quran.<ref>[https://www.emmanuel.utoronto.ca/about-emmanuel/facultystaff-directory/nevin-reda/ Nevin Reda], Introduction to the Quran] in Three Testaments: Torah, Gospel and Quran (Plymouth: Rowman and Littlefield, 2012)</ref> The primary literal meaning of the expression "al-Fātiḥah" is "The Opener," which could refer to this Surah being "the opener of the Book" (''Fātiḥat al-kitāb''), to its being the first chapter recited in full in every prayer cycle (''rakʿah''), or to the manner in which it serves as an opening for many functions in everyday Islamic life. Some Muslims interpret it as a reference to an implied ability of the Surah to open a person to faith in God.<ref>Joseph E. B. Lumbard "Commentary on Sūrat al-Fātiḥah," ''The Study of the Quran''. ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph Lumbard, Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 3.
</ref>
 
==Text and meaning==
===Text and transliteration===
*[[Hafs]] from [[Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud]]
{{script/Arabic|'''بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ''' [[۝ ]]<ref>[[Arabic script in Unicode]] symbol for a Quran verse, U+06DD, page 3, [http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso10646/pdf/09419-encode-koranic.pdf Proposal for additional Unicode characters]</ref>}}<br />
<sup>1</sup> {{lang|ar-Latn|Bismi l-lāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīm}}<br />
{{script/Arabic|'''ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ '''<sup>لا</sup>۝ }}<br />
<sup>2</sup> {{lang|ar-Latn|Al ḥamdu lillāhi rabbi l-‘ālamīn}}<br />
{{script/Arabic|'''ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ '''<sup>لا</sup>۝ }}<br />
<sup>3</sup> {{lang|ar-Latn|Ar raḥmāni r-raḥīm}}<br />
{{script/Arabic|'''مَٰلِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ '''<sup>قلے</sup>۝ }}<br />
<sup>4</sup> {{lang|ar-Latn|Māliki yawmi d-dīn}}<br />
{{script/Arabic|'''إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ '''<sup>قلے</sup>۝ }}<br />
<sup>5</sup> {{lang|ar-Latn|Iyyāka na‘budu wa’iyyāka nasta‘īn}}<br />
{{script/Arabic|'''ٱهْدِنَا ٱلصِّرَٰطَ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ '''<sup>لا</sup>۝ }}<br />
<sup>6</sup> {{lang|ar-Latn|’Ihdinā ṣ-ṣirāṭa l-mustaqīm}}<br />
{{script/Arabic|'''صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ '''<sup>لا٥</sup>''' غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ '''<sup>ع</sup>۝ }}<br />
<sup>7</sup> {{lang|ar-Latn|Ṣirāṭa l-lazina an’amta ‘alayhim, ġayri l-maġḍūbi ‘alayhim walā ḍ-ḍāllīn}}<br />
----
*[[Warsh]] from [[Nafi‘ al-Madani]]
{{script/Arabic|'''بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ''' ۝}}<br />
<sup>1</sup> {{lang|ar-Latn|Bismi l-lāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīm}}<br />
{{script/Arabic|'''ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ''' ۝}}<br />
<sup>2</sup> {{lang|ar-Latn|Al ḥamdu lillāhi rabbi l-‘ālamīn}}<br />
{{script/Arabic|'''ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ''' ۝}}<br />
<sup>3</sup> {{lang|ar-Latn|Ar raḥmāni r-raḥīm}}<br />
{{script/Arabic|'''{{color|orange|مَلِكِ}} يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ''' <sup>ص</sup>۝}}<br />
<sup>4</sup> {{lang|ar-Latn|{{color|orange|Maliki}} yawmi d-dīn}}<br />
{{script/Arabic|'''إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ''' <sup>ص</sup>۝}}<br />
<sup>5</sup> {{lang|ar-Latn|’Iyyāka na‘budu wa’iyyāka nasta‘īn}}<br />
{{script/Arabic|'''ٱهْدِنَا ٱلصِّرَٰطَ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ''' ۝}}<br />
<sup>6</sup> {{lang|ar-Latn|‘Ihdinā ṣ-ṣirāṭ al-mustaqīm}}<br />
{{script/Arabic|'''صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ''' <sup>ص</sup>۝}}<br />
<sup>7</sup> {{lang|ar-Latn|Ṣirāṭa l-lazina an‘amta ‘alayhim, ġayril maġḍūbi ‘alayhim walā ḍ-ḍāllīn}}<br />
 
===Meanings===
:PRAISE be to GOD, the LORD of all creatures;
:the most merciful,
:the king of the day of judgment.
:Thee do we worship, and of thee do we beg assistance.
:Direct us in the right way,
:in the way of those to whom thou hast been gracious; not of those against whom thou art incensed, nor of those who go astray.
{{right|Translation:''[[George Sale|Sale]]'', 1734}}
<hr /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=1|colour=red|notext}}
<section begin="1:1" />In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.<section end="1:1" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=2|colour=red|notext}}
<section begin="1:2" />Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds,<section end="1:2" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=3|colour=red|notext}}
<section begin="1:3" />The Beneficent, the Merciful.<section end="1:3" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=4|colour=red|notext}}
<section begin="1:4" />Master of the [[Day of Judgment]],<section end="1:4" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=5|colour=red|notext}}
<section begin="1:5" />Thee (alone) we worship; Thee (alone) we ask for help.<section end="1:5" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=6|colour=red|notext}}
<section begin="1:6" />Show us the straight path,<section end="1:6" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=7|colour=red|notext}}
<section begin="1:7" />The path of those whom Thou hast favoured; Not the (path) of those who earn Thine anger nor of those who go astray.<section end="1:7" /><br />
{{right|Translation:''[[Marmaduke Pickthall|Pickthall]]'', 1930}}
<hr /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=1|colour=green|notext}}
<section begin="1:1" />In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.<section end="1:1" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=2|colour=green|notext}}
<section begin="1:2" />Praise be to God, The Cherisher and Sustainer of the Worlds;<section end="1:2" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=3|colour=green|notext}}
<section begin="1:3" />Most Gracious, Most Merciful;<section end="1:3" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=4|colour=green|notext}}
<section begin="1:4" />Master of the Day of Judgment.<section end="1:4" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=5|colour=green|notext}}
<section begin="1:5" />Thee do we worship, And Thine aid we seek.<section end="1:5" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=6|colour=green|notext}}
<section begin="1:6" />Show us the straight way,<section end="1:6" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=7|colour=green|notext}}
<section begin="1:7" />The way of those on whom Thou hast bestowedd Thy Grace, Those whose (portion) Is not wrath, And who go not astray<section end="1:7" /><br />
{{right|Translation:''[[Abdullah Yusuf Ali|Yusuf Ali]]'',1934}}
<hr /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=1|colour=blue|notext}}
<section begin="1:1" />In the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate<section end="1:1" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=2|colour=blue|notext}}
<section begin="1:2" />Praise belongs to God, the Lord of all Being,<section end="1:6" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=3|colour=blue|notext}}
<section begin="1:3" />the All-merciful, the All-compassionate,<section end="1:3" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=4|colour=blue|notext}}
<section begin="1:4" />the Master of the [[Day of Doom]].<section end="1:4" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=5|colour=blue|notext}}
<section begin="1:5" />Thee only we serve; to Thee alone we pray for succour.<section end="1:5" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=6|colour=blue|notext}}
<section begin="1:6" />Guide us in the straight path,<section end="1:6" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=7|colour=blue|notext}}
<section begin="1:7" />the path of those whom Thou hast blessed, not of those against whom Thou art wrathful, nor of those who are astray.<section end="1:7" /><br />
{{right|Translation:''[[Arthur John Arberry|Arberry]]'', 1955}}
<hr /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=1|colour=orange|notext}}
<section begin="1:1" />In the name of {{lang|ar-Latn|Allāh|italics=no}}, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.<section end="1:1" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=2|color=orange|notext}}
<section begin="1:2" />[All] praise is [due] to Allāh, Lord of the worlds<section end="1:2" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=3|color=orange|notext}}
<section begin="1:3" />The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful,<section end="1:3" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=4|color=orange|notext}}
<section begin="1:4" />Sovereign of the [[Day of Recompense]]<section end="1:4" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=5|color=orange|notext}}
<section begin="1:5" />It is You we worship and You we ask for help.<section end="1:5" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=6|color=orange|notext}}
<section begin="1:6" />Guide us to the straight path –<section end="1:6" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=7|color=orange|notext}}
<section begin="1:7" />The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray.<section end="1:7" /><br />
{{right|Translation:''[[Saheeh International]]'', 1997}}
<hr /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=1|colour=magenta|notext}}
<section begin="1:1" />In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.<section end="1:1" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=2|colour=magenta|notext}}
<section begin="1:2" />All the praises and thanks be to Allah, the Lord of the 'Alamin (mankind, jinns and all that exists).<section end="1:2" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=3|colour=magenta|notext}}
<section begin="1:3" />The Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.<section end="1:3" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=4|colour=magenta|notext}}
<section begin="1:4" />The Only Owner (and the Only Ruling Judge) of the Day of Recompense (i.e. the Day of Resurrection)<section end="1:4" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=5|colour=magenta|notext}}
<section begin="1:5" />You (Alone) we worship, and you (Alone) we ask for help (for each and everything).<section end="1:5" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=6|colour=magenta|notext}}
<section begin="1:6" />Guide us to the Straight Way <section end="1:6" /><br />
{{verse|chapter=1|verse=7|colour=magenta|notext}}
<section begin="1:7" />The Way of those on whom You have bestowed Your Grace, not (the way) of those who earned Your Anger, nor of those who went astray.<section end="1:7" /><br />
{{right|Translation:''[[Noble Quran]]'', 1999}}
<hr /><br />
 
==Names==
The name ''al-Fātiḥah'' ("the Opener") is due to the subject-matter of the surah. ''Fātiḥah'' is that which opens a subject or a book or any other thing. In other words, a sort of preface or essence of the whole book.<ref name="Maududi"/>
 
The word الفاتحة came from the root word فتح which means to open, explain, disclose, keys of treasure etc. That means surah Al-Fatiha is the summary of the whole Quran. That is why it is generally recited with another Ayat or surah during prayers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=قراءة الفاتحة في الصلاة - موقع مقالات إسلام ويب|url=https://www.islamweb.net/ar/article/179993/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9|access-date=2020-06-23|website=www.islamweb.net}}</ref> That is, surah Al-Fatiha is paired with the rest of the whole Quran.
 
It is also called ''Umm Al-Kitab'' ("the Mother of the Book") and ''Umm Al-Quran'' ("the Mother of the Quran");<ref name="Molla sadra ">{{cite book | title=Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim | author=[[Mulla Sadra]] | pages=1:163–164}}</ref><ref name="Ibn Kathir">{{cite book|last=Ibn Kathir|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir|url=http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%20Kathir/001%20Fatihah.htm}}</ref> ''Sab'a al Mathani'' ("Seven repeated [verses]", an appellation taken from verse 15:87 of the Quran);<ref name="Ibn Kathir"/> ''Al-Hamd'' ("praise"), because a hadith narrates [[Muhammad]] as having said that [[Allah|God]] says: "The prayer [al-Fātiḥah] is divided into two halves between Me and My servants. When the servant says, 'All praise is due to God', the Lord of existence, God says, 'My servant has praised Me'.";<ref name="khoi">{{cite book | url=| title=[[Al-Bayan Fi Tafsir al-Quran]] | author=[[Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei]] | pages=446}}</ref> ''Al-Shifa''' ("the Cure"), because a hadith narrates Muhammad as having said: "The Opening of the Book is a cure for every poison.";<ref name="Bihar al-Anwar">{{cite book | title=[[Bihar al-Anwar]] | author=[[Muhammad Baqir Majlisi]] | pages=89:238}}</ref><ref name="Wasā'il al-Shīʿa">{{cite book | title=[[Wasā'il al-Shīʿa]] | author=[[Al-Hurr al-Aamili]] | pages=6:232}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=May 2015}}, ''Al-Ruqyah'' ("remedy" or "spiritual cure").,<ref name="Ibn Kathir"/> and al-Asas, "The Foundation", referring to its serving as a foundation for the entire Quran <ref>Joseph E. B. Lumbard, "Introduction to Sūrat al-Fātiḥah," ''The Study Quran''. ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph Lumbard, Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 3.</ref>
 
==Background==
AccordingThe tomost commonly accepted view about the origins of the ''surah'' is the view of [[Abdullah ibnIbn Abbas]], andamong others, althat Al-FātiḥahFatiha is a [[Meccan surasurah|Meccan ''surah'']];, whilealthough accordingsome tobelieve othersthat it is either a [[Medinan surasurah]]. The former view is more widely accepted, although some believe that itor was revealed in both Mekka[[Mecca]] and [[Medina]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Mirza Bahir Ud-Din |title=The Quran with English Translation and Commentary|year=1988 |publisher=[[Islam International Publications Ltd.]] |year=1988 |isbn=1-85372-045-3 |pages=1}}</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/TafseerEngCommQuranLong English Translation and Commentary 5 Volumes]</ref> In the Quran, the first revelations to Muhammad were only the first few verses (ayats) of Surahs [[Alaq]], [[Muzzammil]], [[Al-Muddathir]], etc. Most narrators recorded that al-Fātiḥah was the first complete Surah revealed to [[Muhammad]].<ref name="Maududi" />
 
The name Al-Fatiha ("the Opener") could refer to the ''surah'' being the first in the [[Mus'haf]]s, the first to be recited in each ''[[rakat]]'' of ''[[salah]]'', or to the manner of its usage in many Islamic traditions as an opening prayer. The word itself comes from the [[triliteral root|root]] {{transliterate|ar|f-t-ḥ}} ({{wikt-lang|ar|ف ت ح}}), which means "to open, explain, disclose, conquer", etc.<ref name="Maududi" /><ref>Joseph E. B. Lumbard "Commentary on Sūrat al-Fātiḥah", ''The Study of the Quran''. ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph Lumbard, Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 3.</ref> Al-Fatiha is also known by several other names, such as Al-Hamd (The Praise), As-Salah (The Prayer), Umm al-Kitab (Mother of the Book), Umm al-Quran (Mother of the Quran),<ref>{{Href|nasai|914|b=yl}}</ref><ref name="qtaf" /> Sab'a min al-Mathani (Seven Repeated Ones, from Quran {{qref|15|87|pl=y}}),<ref name="khoi">{{cite book |author=Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei |author-link=Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei |title=[[Al-Bayan Fi Tafsir al-Quran]] |pages=446}}</ref> and Ash-Shifa' (The Cure).<ref>Joseph E. B. Lumbard, "Introduction to Sūrat al-Fātiḥah", ''The Study Quran''. ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph Lumbard, Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 3.</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Mubarakpuri |first=Safiur Rahman |title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged) |publisher=Darussalam |year=2000 |isbn=9781591440208 |pages=7–8}}</ref>
==Theme and subject matter==
Al-Fātiḥah is often believed to be a synthesis of the Quran.<ref>Joseph E. B. Lumbard, "Introduction to "Sūrat al-Fātiḥah," ''The Study Quran'', ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph E. B. Lumbard, and Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 3.</ref> It in itself is a prayer at the very beginning of the Quran, which acts as a preface of the Quran and implies that the book is for a person who is a seeker of truth—a reader who is asking a deity who is the only one worthy of all praise (and is the creator, owner, sustainer of the worlds etc.) to guide him to a straight path.<ref name="Maududi"/> It can be said to "encapsulate all of the metaphysical and eschatological realities of which human beings must remain conscious." <ref>Joseph E. B. Lumbard, "Introduction toSūrat al-Fātiḥah," ''The Study Quran'', ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph Lumbard, Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 4.</ref>
 
==Interpretations Summary ==
Surah Al-Fatiha is narrated in the Hadith to have been divided into two halves between [[God in Islam|God]] and his servant (the person reciting), the first three verses being God's half and last three being the servant's.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ibn al-Hajjaj|first=Abul Hussain Muslim|url=|title=Sahih Muslim - 7 Volumes|publisher=Darussalam|year=2007|isbn=978-9960991900|volume=1|pages=501–503}}</ref> There is disagreement as to whether the ''[[Basmala|Bismillah]]'' is the first verse of the ''surah,'' or even a verse in the first place.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|year=2000|isbn=9781591440208|pages=25|quote=[The scholars] disagree over whether [Bismillah] is a separate Ayah before every Surah, or if it is an Ayah, or a part of an Ayah, included in every Surah where the Bismillah appears in its beginning. [...] The opinion that Bismillah is an Ayah of every Surah, except [At-Tawbah], was attributed to (the Companions) Ibn 'Abbas, Ibn 'Umar, Ibn Az-Zubayr, Abu Hurayrah and 'Ali. This opinion was also attributed to the Tabi'in 'Ata', Tawus, Sa'id bin Jubayr, Makhul and Az-Zuhri. This is also the view of 'Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak, Ash-Shaf i'i, Ahmad bin Hanbal, (in one report from him) Ishaq bin Rahwayh, and Abu 'Ubayd Al-Qasim bin Salam. On the other hand, Malik, Abu Hanifah and their followers said that Bismillah is not an Ayah in Al-Fatihah or any other Surah. Dawud said that it is a separate Ayah in the beginning of every Surah, not part of the Surah itself, and this opinion was also attributed to Ahmad bin Hanbal.}}</ref>
"Al ḥamdu lillāhi rabbi l-’ālamīn" All the praises and thanks are for Allah who is the Lord of the universe. "Hamd الْحَمْدُ" 'the prase' is also the root of the name of the prophet Muhammad مُحَمَّد‎ which means who is praised.
 
The chapter begins by praising God with the phrase and stating that it is God who is the lord of the worlds (verse 1/2),<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|year=2000|isbn=9781591440208|pages=33–37}}</ref> that He is the Most Gracious and Most Merciful (verse 2/3),<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|year=2000|isbn=9781591440208|pages=30–33, 37}}</ref> and that He is and will be the true owner of everything and everyone on the [[Last Judgment|Day of Judgement]] (verse 3/4).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|year=2000|isbn=9781591440208|pages=39–42}}</ref>
"Ar raḥmāni r-raḥīm" الرحمن 'the Most Merciful' and الرحيم 'the Most Benevolent' all share the same root رحم which means 'the womb'. The womb is the place where nourishment and protection are provided for the fetus with abundance.<ref>http://www.qurangarden.com/content.php?content=r&id=12#.XxKInJMzYWo</ref>
 
"If you tried to count Allah's blessings, you would never be able to number them. Indeed, humankind is truly unfair, ˹totally˺ ungrateful" ({{qref|14|34|b=y|pl=y}}).
"Māliki yawmi d-dīn" مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ‎ " The owner of the judgment day or dīn day. dīn الدِّينِ means religion and also carries a meaning of debt لدِّينِ‎. Allah is the only judge that judges the dues of the people.
 
The final three verses, which comprise the servant's half, begin with the servant stating that they worship and seek only God's help (verse 4/5), asking Him to guide them to the ''[[Sirat al-Mustaqim]]'' (the Straight Path) of those who God has been bountiful to, and not of those who have earned his anger (verses 5-6/6-7).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|year=2000|isbn=9781591440208|pages=42–55}}</ref>
{{Quote Quran translation|1|6|Guide us to the straight path - The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favour, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray.|range=6–7|translator=Sahih International}}
 
Most [[Muslims|Muslim]] commentators oftenhave believeinterpreted pastthese generationsverses in a more general sense and not referring exclusively to any specific group of Jewspeople.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Asad|first=Muhammad|url=http://www.muhammad-asad.com/Message-of-Quran.pdf|title=The Message of the Quran, Commentary on Surah Fatiha|pages=23–24|quote=According to almost all the commentators, God's "condemnation" (ghadab, lit., "wrath") is synonymous with the evil consequences which man brings upon himself by wilfully rejecting God's guidance and Christiansacting contrary to His injunctions. ... As regards the two categories of people following a wrong course, some of the greatest Islamic thinkers (e.g. Al-Ghazali or, in recent times, Muhammad 'Abduh) held the view that the people described as having incurred "God's condemnation" - that is, having deprived themselves of His grace - are those who have become fully cognizant of God's message and, having understood it, have rejected it; while by "those who go astray" are meant people whom the truth has either not reached at all, or to whom it has come in so garbled and corrupted a form as to make it difficult for them to recognize it as the truth (see 'Abduh in Manar I, 68 ff.).|author-link=Muhammad Asad|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126180926/http://www.muhammad-asad.com/Message-of-Quran.pdf|archive-date=2019-11-26|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Ali|first=Abdullah Yusuf|url=http://www.ulc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/English-Quran-With-Commentaries.pdf|title=The Meaning of The Noble Qur'an, Commentary on al-Fatiha|year=2006|pages=7|quote=...those who are in the darkness of Wrath and those who stray? The first are those who deliberately break God's law; the second those who stray out of carelessness or negligence. Both are responsible for their own acts or omissions. In opposition to both are the people who are in the light of God's Grace: for His Grace not only protects them from active wrong ... but also from straying into paths of temptation or carelessness. The negative gair should be construed as applying not to the way, but as describing men protected from two dangers by God's Grace.|author-link=Abdullah Yusuf Ali|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312164616/http://www.ulc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/English-Quran-With-Commentaries.pdf|archive-date=2017-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Shafi|first=Muhammad|url=http://www.islamicstudies.info/quran/maarif/maarif.php?sura=1|title=Ma'ariful Qur'an|pages=78–79|author-link=Muhammad Shafi Deobandi|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-date=2020-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718160303/http://www.islamicstudies.info/quran/maarif/maarif.php?sura=1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Tafsir al-Kabir, al-Razi, التفسير الكبير, Tafsir Surah al-Fatiha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Al-Kashshaaf, Al-Zamakhshari, الكشاف, Commentary on surah al-Fatiha}}</ref><ref name="Maududi">{{cite book|last=Maududi|first=Sayyid Abul Ala|title=Tafhim Al Quran|url=http://www.englishtafsir.com/Quran/1/index.html|access-date=2013-06-17|archive-date=2013-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728184437/http://www.englishtafsir.com/Quran/1/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://corpuscoranicum.de/kommentar/index/sure/1/vers/1|title=Corpus Coranicum: Commentary on the Quran. Chronologisch-literaturwissenschaftlicher Kommentar zum Koran, hg. von der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften durch Angelika Neuwirth unter Mitarbeit von Ali Aghaei und Tolou Khademalsharieh, unter Heranziehung von Übersetzungen von Nicolai Sinai.|last=|first=|date=15 November 2021|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|quote=Das anaphorische ʾiyyāka (V. 6) betont die Exklusivität des Angerufenen, der anders als im Fall der paganen mušrikūn, die Gott zwar in extremen Situationen um Hilfe rufen, ihm aber nicht dienen, vgl. Q 17:67, Adressat sowohl von Hilferufen als auch von Gottesdienst ist. An diese im Zentrum stehende Affirmation der Alleinverehrung Gottes schließt die Bitte um Rechtleitung an (V. 7). Der hier erhoffte ‚gerade Weg‘ soll demjenigen der bereits von Gott mit Huld bedachten Vorläufern folgen. Sie werden nicht explizit gemacht und dürften zur Zeit der Entstehung der fātiḥa auch unbestimmt intendiert sein. Erst später – mit der Herausbildung von Kollektivbildern - ließen sich die Zielgruppen ex silentio erschließen}}</ref> However, some Muslim commentators believe [[Jews]] and [[Christians]] are exampleexamples of those evoking God's anger and those who went astray, respectively.<ref name="Leaman">{{cite book|last=Leaman|first=Oliver|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=isDgI0-0Ip4C&pg=PA614&lpg=PA614&dqq=%22The+Prophet+interpreted+those+who+incurred+God%E2%80%99s+wrath+as+the+Jews+and+the+misguided+as+the+Christians%22#v=onepage&qpg=%22The%20Prophet%20interpreted%20those%20who%20incurred%20God%E2%80%99s%20wrath%20as%20the%20Jews%20and%20the%20misguided%20as%20the%20Christians%22&f=falsePA614|title=The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia|date=2006|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=0-415-32639-7|editor=Leaman, Oliver|page=614|quote=The Prophet interpreted those who incurred God's wrath as the Jews and the misguided as the Christians.|author-link=Oliver Leaman|access-date=2020-11-05|archive-date=2021-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328155435/https://books.google.com/books?id=isDgI0-0Ip4C&q=%22The+Prophet+interpreted+those+who+incurred+God%E2%80%99s+wrath+as+the+Jews+and+the+misguided+as+the+Christians%22&pg=PA614|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="interpretation2">{{cite book|last=Ayoub|first=Mahmoud M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sIXpFtvp2JYC&lpg=PA49&pg=PA49#v=onepage&q&f=true|title=The Qur'an and Its Interpreters: v.1: Vol 1|date=January 1984|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0873957274|page=49|quote=Most commentators have included the Jews among those who have "incurred" divine wrath and the Christians among those who have "gone astray".(Tabari, I, pp. 185-195; Zamakhshari, I, p. 71)|authorlinkauthor-link=Mahmoud M. Ayoub}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|authoraccess-date=[[Ibn Kathir]]2020-11-05|titlearchive-date=The Quran Commentaries for 1.7 Al Fatiha (The opening)2021-03-28|archive-url=https://quranxweb.comarchive.org/tafsirsweb/120210328155501/https://books.7|accessdategoogle.com/books?id=24 January 2020sIXpFtvp2JYC&pg=PA49|workurl-status=QuranXlive}}</ref><ref>{{Qtaf|en:ibk|1|7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Al-Amin Ash-Shanqit, Muhammad|date=10 October 2012|title=Tafsir of Chapter 001: Surah al-Fatihah (The Opening)|url=https://sunnahonline.com/library/the-majestic-quran/431-tasfir-of-chapter-1-surah-al-fatihah-the-opening|accessdateaccess-date=24 January 2020|work=Sunnah Online|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531145652/https://sunnahonline.com/library/the-majestic-quran/431-tasfir-of-chapter-1-surah-al-fatihah-the-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iti-dplakf4| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/Iti-dplakf4| archive-date=2021-11-17 | url-status=live|title=The greatest recitation of Surat al-Fatiha|date=6 June 2007|people=Al Kindari, Fahad|publisher=Sweden [[Dawah]] Media Production (on behalf of High Quality & I-Media); LatinAutor - Warner Chappell|access-date=20 December 2019|quote=The saying of the Exalted, 'not the Path of those who have earned Your Anger, nor of those that went astray': the majority of the scholars of tafseer said that 'those who have earned Your Anger' are the Jews, and 'those that went astray' are the Christians, and there is the hadeeth of the Messenger of AllaahGod (SAW) reported from Adee bin Haatim (RA) concerning this. And the Jews and the Christians even though both of them are misguided and both of them have AllaahGod's Anger on them - the Anger is specified to the Jews, even though the Christians share this with them because the Jews knew the truth and rejected it and deliberately came with falsehood, so the Anger (of AllahGod being upon them) was the description most befitting them. And the Christians were ignorant, not knowing the truth, so misguidance was the description most befitting them. So with this the saying of AllaahGod, 'so they have drawn on themselves anger upon anger' (2:90) clarifies that the Jews are those that 'have earned your Anger'. And likewise His sayings, 'Say: shall I inform you of something worse than that, regarding the recompense from AllaahGod: those (Jews) who incurred the Curse of AllaahGod and His Anger' (5:60)}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Surah Al-Fatihah, Chapter 1|url=https://www.al-islam.org/enlightening-commentary-light-holy-quran-vol-1/surah-al-fatihah-chapter-1|accessdateaccess-date=11 December 2019|work=[[al-islam.org]]|date=23 January 2014|quote=Some of the commentators believe that / dallin / 'those gone astray' refers to the misguided of the Christians; and / maqdubi 'alayhim / 'those inflicted with His Wrath' refers to the misguided of the Jews.|archive-date=8 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208094137/https://www.al-islam.org/enlightening-commentary-light-holy-quran-vol-1/surah-al-fatihah-chapter-1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn|author-link=Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]|title=The Tasfirs|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=1&tAyahNo=7&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|accessdateaccess-date=7 February 2020|work=altafsir.com}}</ref> Critics of Islam, such as [[Andrew Bostom]], view this as an exclusive condemnation of ''all'' Jews and Christians from all times.<ref>{{cite news|author=[[Andrew Bostom|Bostom, Andrew]]|archive-date=294 MaySeptember 2019|title=Ramadan Koran lesson: Curse Jews and Christians 17archive-times daily: Part 1|work=[[Israel National News]]|url=httphttps://wwwweb.israelnationalnewsarchive.comorg/Articlesweb/Article.aspx20190904084752/23948|accessdate=9 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=[[Andrew Bostom|Bostom, Andrew]]|date=29 May 2019|title=Ramadan Koran lesson: Curse Jews and Christians 17-times daily: Part 2|url=httphttps://www.israelnationalnewsaltafsir.com/Articles/ArticleTafasir.aspx/23949|accessdateasp?tMadhNo=9 December 2019|work1&tTafsirNo=[[Israel National News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author74&tSoraNo=Shrenzel, Israel|date1&tAyahNo=4 September 2019|title7&tDisplay=Verses and Reality: What the Koran Really Says about Jews|workyes&UserProfile=[[Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]]0&LanguageId=2|url=http://jcpa.org/article/verses-and-reality-what-the-koran-really-says-about-jews/|accessdatestatus=8 December 2019live}}</ref> However, most Islamic scholars have interpreted these verses as referring exclusively not to a specific group of people but instead interpret these in the more general sense as, "evil consequences which man brings upon himself by wilfully rejecting God's guidance and acting contrary to His injunctions."<ref name = ":0ExplantionQur'an">{{Cite book|last=Asad|first=Muhammad|url=httphttps://wwwbooks.muhammad-asadgoogle.com/Message-of-Quran.pdf|titlebooks?id=TheyLKkvUGFP34C Message of the Quran, Commentary on Surah Fatiha|publisherlast=Abdul-Rahman|yearfirst=Muhammad Saed|isbntitle=|location=|pages=23–24|quote=AccordingThe to almost all the commentators, God's "condemnation" (ghadab, lit., "wrath") is synonymous with the evil consequences which man brings upon himself by wilfully rejecting God's guidancemeaning and acting contrary to His injunctions. ... As regards the two categories of people following a wrong course, someexplanation of the greatest Islamic thinkers (e.g. Al-Ghazali or, in recent times, Muhammadglorious Qur'Abduh) held the view that the people described as having incurred "God's condemnation" - that isan, having2nd deprived themselves of His grace - are those who have become fully cognizant of God's message andEdition, havingVolume understood1 it,|publisher=MSA havePublication rejectedLimited it; while by "those who go astray" are meant people whom the truth has either not reached at all, or to whom it has come in so garbled and corrupted a form as to make it difficult for them to recognize it as the truth (see 'Abduh in Manar I, 68 ff.).|authoryear=2009|isbn=978-link=Muhammad Asad1-86179-643-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite bookrp|last=Shafi|first=Muhammad|url=http://www.islamicstudies.info/quran/maarif/maarif.php?sura=1|title=Ma'ariful Qur'an|pages=78–79|author-link=Muhammad Shafi Deobandi45}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Citecite book|last=Ali|first=Abdullah Yusufweb|url=httphttps://wwwnoblequran.ulc.orgcom/wpsurah-contentalfatihah/uploads/2012/10/English-Quran-With-Commentaries.pdf |title=The MeaningInterpretation of The Noble Qur’an, Commentary on al-Fatiha|publisher=|year=2006|isbn=|location=|pages=7|quote=...those who are in the darknessmeanings of Wrath and those who stray? The first are those who deliberately break God's law; the second those who stray out of carelessness or negligence. Both are responsible for their own acts or omissions. In opposition to both are the people whoNoble areQuran in- theSurah light1 of God's Grace: for His Grace not only protects them from active wrong ... but also from straying into paths of temptation or carelessness. The negative gair should be construed as applying not to the way, but as describing men protected from two dangers by God's Grace.|author-link=Abdullah Yusuf Ali|archiveHilali-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312164616/http://www.ulc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/English-Quran-With-Commentaries.pdfKhan|archive-date=2017-03-122020|url-statuswork=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite[[King book|last=|first=|title=TafsirFahd al-Kabir,Complex al-Razi,for التفسيرthe الكبير‎,Printing Tafsirof Surahthe al-Fatiha|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{CiteHoly book|last=|first=|title=Al-Kashshaaf, Al-Zamakhshari, الكشاف‎, Commentary on surah al-Fatiha|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref name="Maududi2">{{cite book|last=Maududi|first=Imam Sayyid Abul Ala|url=http://www.englishtafsir.com/Quran/1/index.html|title=Tafhim Al Quran|author-link=Abul A'la Maududi]]}}</ref>
 
== Verses and meaning ==
==Benefits and virtues attributed to Sura Al-Fatiha==
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ''' ۝١}}
Some Suras are assigned special significance by adherents of Islam, because of their virtues and benefits (Arabic: فضائل‎ faḍāʾil) described in the Hadiths.
}}
====One of the greatest Surahs====
[''bi-smi-llahi-r-raḥmāni-r-raḥīm(i)''] <br />
Ahmad ibn Hanbal recorded in his Musnad (Hadith collection) that Abu Sa`id bin Al-Mu`alla had said:
{{verse||1}} In the name of God, the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful. <br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ''' ۝٢}}
}}
[''al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi-l-ʿālamīn(a)''] <br />
{{verse||2}} Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds— <br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|''' ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ''' ۝٣}}
}}
[''ar-raḥmāni-r-raḥīm(i)''] <br />
{{verse||3}} the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful, <br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''مَـٰلِكِ'''{{small|{{efn-lr|Qira’at: All except for ʻAsem, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf in one of his narrations read it as: <br /> <br />
{{Script/Arabic|'''{{color|magenta|مَ}}لِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ''' ۝٤}} <br />
''{{color|magenta|ma}}liki yawmi-d-dīn(i)'' <br />
{{verse||4}} King of the Day of Judgement.}}}}''' يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ''' ۝٤}}}}
[''māliki yawmi-d-dīn(i)''] <br />
{{verse||4}} Owner of the Day of Judgement.
<br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ''' ۝٥}}}}
[''iyyāka naʿbudu wa-iyyāka nastaʿīn(u)''] <br />
{{verse||5}} You we worship and You we ask for help. <br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''ٱهْدِنَا ٱلصِّرَٰطَ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ''' ۝٦}}}}
[''ihdina-ṣ-ṣirāṭa-l-mustaqīm(a)''] <br />
{{verse||6}} Guide us to the straight path— <br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ''' ۝٧}}}}
[''ṣirāṭa-llaḏīna anʿamta ʿalayhim ghayri-l-maḡḍūbi ʿalayhim wa-la-ḍ-ḍāllīn(a)''] <br />
{{verse||7}} the path of those You have favored, not those You are angry with or those who are astray.
 
==Benefits and virtues==
"I was praying when the Prophet called me, so I did not answer him until I finished the prayer. I then went to him and he said, 'What prevented you from coming?' I said, 'O Messenger of God! I was praying.' He said, 'Didn't God say, "O you who believe! Answer God (by obeying Him) and (His) Messenger when he calls you to that which gives you life."?' He then said, 'I will teach you the greatest Surah in the Qur'an before you leave the Masjid (Mosque).' He held my hand and when he was about to leave the Masjid, I said, 'O Messenger of God! You said: "I will teach you the greatest Surah in the Qur'an."' He said, 'Yes.' "Al-Hamdu lillahi Rabbil-`Alamin," It is the seven repeated (verses) and the Glorious Qur'an that I was given." (Al-Bukhari, Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah also recorded this Hadith.)<ref name="Virtue">{{Cite web| url=http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%20Kathir/001%20Fatihah.htm | title=Virtues of Sura Al-Fatiha}}</ref><ref name="Authentic">{{Cite web| url=https://the-finalrevelation.blogspot.com/2012/08/weak-and-sahih-virtues-of-surahs.html | title=Authentic and Weak Virtues}}</ref><ref name="Bukhari">{{Cite web| url=http://www.islamicity.com/hadith/action.lasso.asp?-db=Services&-lay=Hadith&-op=cn&-find=hadith_textS&-format=sreply.htm&-Error=error.htm&-Max=20&-SortField=Hadith_Nbr&-SortOrder=Descending&-op=cn&hadith_textS=fatiha&-find=Search | title=Hadith}}</ref><ref name="Merit">{{Cite web| url=https://www.imamreza.net/old/eng/imamreza.php?id=3444 | title=Merits of Surahs}}</ref><ref name="Reward">{{Cite web| url=https://www.al-islam.org/fawaid-e-quran-sayyid-mustafa-musawi/benefits-recitation-chapters-holy-quran | title=Rewards of Suras}}</ref>
Muslims attribute special significance to some ''surahs'' for their virtues and benefits ({{Langx|ar|فضائل|faḍā’il|label=none}}) described in the [[hadith]]. Acceptance of the different hadith varies between Sunni and Shia Muslims, and there is a variety of terms to classify the different levels of confirmed authenticity of a hadith. However, both Sunnis and Shia believe Al-Fatiha to be one of the greatest ''surahs'' in the Quran, and a cure for several diseases and poisons, both spiritual and mental.<ref name=":2" />
 
==See also==
====Al-fatiha used for cure====
*[[Basmala]]
Al-Bukhari recorded in his collection:
 
== Notes ==
Abu Sa 'id Al-Khudri said: "While we were on one of our journeys, we dismounted at a place where a slave girl came and said, "The chief of this tribe has been stung by a scorpion and our men are not present; is there anybody among you who can treat him (by reciting something)?" Then one of our men went along with her though we did not think that he knew any such treatment. But he treated the chief by reciting something, and the sick man recovered whereupon he gave him thirty sheep and gave us milk to drink (as a reward). When he returned, we asked our friend, "Did you know how to treat with the recitation of something?" He said, "No, but I treated him only with the recitation of the Mother of the Book (i.e., Al-Fatiha)." We said, "Do not say anything (about it) till we reach or ask the Prophet so when we reached Medina, we mentioned that to the Prophet (in order to know whether the sheep which we had taken were lawful to take or not). The Prophet said, "How did he come to know that it (Al-Fatiha) could be used for treatment? Distribute your reward and assign for me one share thereof as well." (Al-Bukhari 006.061.529 - Virtues of the Qur'an)<ref name="Virtue" /><ref name="Authentic" /><ref name="Bukhari" /><ref name="Merit" /><ref name="Reward" />
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==References==
(Similar versions found in: Al-Bukhari: 007.071.645 - Medicine; Al-Bukhari: 007.071.633 - Medicine; Al-Bukhari: 007.071.632 - Medicine)
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
== Bibliography ==
====Necessity in Salat====
* {{cite book|author=David James|title=Qur'ans of the Mamluks|url=|date=1988|publisher=Alexandria Press|isbn=9780500973677|location=London|ref={{SfnRef|Qur'ans of the Mamluks}}}}
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj recorded that Abu Hurayrah had told that the Prophet had said:
 
"Whoever performs any prayer in which he did not read Umm Al-Qur'an (i.e., Al-Fatiha), then his prayer is incomplete." (Sahih Muslim)<ref name="Virtue" /><ref name="Authentic" /><ref name="Bukhari" /><ref name="Merit" /><ref name="Reward" />
 
(Similar story found in Al-Bukhari: 001.012.723 - Characteristics of Prayer)
 
====1 of the 2 lights====
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj recorded that Ibn ‘Abbas had said:
 
“While Hadrat Jibril (i.e. the angel Gabriel) was sitting with the Holy Prophet, he heard a sound above him and raised his head. He said: ‘This is a door in the heaven which has been opened today and which has never been opened before today.’ An angel descended from it. And he (Hadrat Jibril) said: ‘This is an angel who has descended to earth, who has never descended before today.’ He (that angel) gave the greetings of peace and said: ‘Give the good news of two lights which you have been given; of which no Prophet before you was given: the Faatiha (Opening chapter) of the Book and the end of Surah al-Baqarah. You will not recite a letter of them without being given it.’” (Sahih Muslim) <ref name="Virtue" /><ref name="Authentic" /><ref name="Bukhari" /><ref name="Merit" /><ref name="Reward" />
 
====Iblees lamented on 4 occasions====
Ambari in his ‘Kitaabur-Rad’ through his own chain of narrators has mentioned from Mujahid ibn Jabr that Iblees, the accursed of Allah Ta’ala, lamented on four occasions: first when he was cursed; secondly when he was cast out of Heaven to the Earth; thirdly when Muhammad was given the Prophethood; fourthly when Surah Fatihah was revealed and it was revealed in Madinah.<ref name="Virtue" /><ref name="Authentic" /><ref name="Bukhari" /><ref name="Merit" /><ref name="Reward" />
 
==See also==
* [[Basmala]]
* [[Juz']]
* [[Shahada]]
 
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
 
== External links ==
{{commons category}}
{{wikisource|The Holy Qur'an (Maulana Muhammad Ali)/1. The Opening}}
*[https://quran.com/1 Text of ''Surah'' al-Fatiha with multiple available translations]
* Al-Fātiḥah, {{Cite quran|1|1|e=7|s=ns|b=n}}, at the [[Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement]]
* [http://www.aquraninstitute.com/surah/fatiha/p1.php Surah Al-Fatiha with Recitation by Sudais in MP3]
* http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%20Kathir/
* http://www.islamicity.com/hadith/action.lasso.asp?-db=Services&-lay=hadith&-format=Sreply.htm&-op=cn&Hadith_NBR=001.001.001&-SortField=Hadith_Nbr&-SortOrder=Ascending&-max=10&-error=error.htm&-find
* https://web.archive.org/web/20140527093239/https://abdurrahman.org/qurantafseer/TheVirtuesOfSomeSurahs_ShaikAlbanee.pdf
* http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%20Kathir/001%20Fatihah.htm
*
 
{{Sura|1|-|[[Al-Baqara]]}}
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[[Category:Al-Fatiha| ]]
[[Category:Salah]]
[[Category:Chapters in the Quran|Fatiha]]
[[Category:Salat]]
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