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url = http://probes.invitrogen.com/handbook/boxes/0442.html | publisher = Molecular Probes, Inc. | date = 2006-04-06 | accessdate = 2007-08-13}}</ref> The individual members of the family are numbered according roughly to their excitation maxima (in [[nanometre|nm]]).
Alexa Fluor dyes are [[chemical synthesis|synthesized]] through [[sulfonate|sulfonation]] of [[coumarin]], [[rhodamine]], [[xanthene]] (such as [[fluorescein]]), and [[cyanine]] dyes. Sulfonation makes Alexa Fluor dyes negatively [[electric charge|charged]] and [[hydrophilic]]. Alexa Fluor dyes are generally more stable, brighter, and less [[pH]]-sensitive than common dyes (e.g. fluorescein, rhodamine) of comparable excitation and emission,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Panchuk-Voloshina N, Haugland RP, Bishop-Stewart J, ''et al'' |title=Alexa dyes, a series of new fluorescent dyes that yield exceptionally bright, photostable conjugates |journal=J. Histochem. Cytochem. |volume=47 |issue=9 |pages=1179-88 |year=1999 |pmid=10449539 |url = http://www.jhc.org/cgi/content/full/47/9/1179}}</ref> and to some extent the newer cyanine series.<Ref>{{cite journal |author=Berlier JE, Rothe A, Buller G, ''et al'' |title=Quantitative comparison of long-wavelength Alexa Fluor dyes to Cy dyes: fluorescence of the dyes and their bioconjugates |journal=J. Histochem. Cytochem. |volume=51 |issue=12 |pages=1699-712 |year=2003 |pmid=14623938 |url = http://www.jhc.org/cgi/content/full/51/12/1699}}</ref> However, they are also
Similar alternatives include the [[Hilyte Fluor]] series from [[AnaSpec]],
▲Similar alternatives include the [[Hilyte Fluor]] series from [[AnaSpec]] and [[DyLight Fluor]]s from Pierce ([[Thermo Fisher Scientific]]).
== History ==
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