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'''Pecanx-4''' (PCNX4) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the '''''PCNX4 '''''gene<ref name=":0" />. '''''PCNX4''''' is a gene expressed moderately in 27 different tissue types in humans, but most abundantly in brain, endometrium, prostate, and adrenal tissue<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pecanx-4 [Homo sapiens (Human)] -Gene-NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/64430 |website=National Library of Medicine}}</ref>. FUNCTION?
== Gene ==
'''''PCNX4''''' is a protein encoding gene located on chromosome 14 in ''Homo sapiens'' at location q23.1 (see Figure X)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=GeneCard |url=https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=PCNX4}}</ref>. It is expressed predominately in the endometrium, prostate, and adrenal, but is known to be expressed in 27 total tissue types<ref name=":0" />
▲PCNX4 is a protein encoding gene located on chromosome 14 in ''Homo sapiens'' at location q23.1 (see Figure X). It is expressed predominately in the endometrium, prostate, and adrenal, but is known to be expressed in 27 total tissue types<ref name=":0" />. An important paralog to PCNX4 is PCNX3<ref name=":1" />. PCNX1 and PCNX 2 exists, but they are not as closely related to PCNX4.
'''Figure
[[File:Human Chromosome 14; location of PCNX4 gene.pdf|thumb|'''Figure X.''' Annotated ''Homo sapiens'' chromosome 14. Shaded areas demonstrate gene locations on the chromosome. PCNX4 is indicated by the red line at shaded region q23.1. The gene is also located on the plus-strand
Other names for this gene are: PCNXL4, C14orf135, Chromosome 14 open reading frame 135, Hepatitis C Virus F Protein-Binding Protein 2, and HCV F Protein-Binding Protein 2<ref name=":1" />.
=== Expression ===
▲'''Figure Y''' demonstrates the neighboring genes to PCNX4: LRRC9 and DHRS7 (Original image retrieved from NCBI Gene Database). DHRS7 is expressed most in the prostate—a dehydrogenase/reductase; while LRRC9 is expressed most in the testis—a leucine rich repeat.
Overall, these **figures** provide an interesting find of PCNX4 in various locations, but there are some clear levels of expression such as in reproductive tissues, brain, and [[Gastrointestinal tract|GI organs]]<ref name=":0" />.▼
Throughout early development, the expression of '''''PCNX4''''' is
▲'''Figure X.''' Annotated ''Homo sapiens'' chromosome 14. Shaded areas demonstrate gene locations on the chromosome. PCNX4 is indicated by the red line at shaded region q23.1. The gene is also located on the plus-strand (Original image retrieved from GeneCard).
==
The protein sequence of PCNX4, isoform 1 includes 15 [[Transmembrane region|transmembrane regions]], 2 [[glycosylation]] sites, and 12 [[exon]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Pecanx-4 [Homo sapiens (Human)] -Protein NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/1054286320 |website=National Library of Medicine}}</ref>. PCNX4 has two isoforms with isoform-1 being the longest while isoform-2 has missing exons or shorter [[N-terminus|N-terms]]<ref name=":1" />.
[[File:PCNX4 Evolution Rate Graph.pdf|thumb|Evolutionary history of human PCNX4 orthologs in relation to the evolution in cytochrome c and fibrinogen alpha.]]The evolution of the PCNX4 protein can be visualized in the graph along with cytochrome c and fibrinogen alpha as references of known evolution rates.▼
=== Post-translational modifications ===
PCNX4 is found to have around 600 vertebrate [[orthologs]] and between 1-3 [[paralogs]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=NCBI Orthologs |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/64430/ortholog/?scope=8782 |website=National Library of Medicine}}</ref>. Some additional orthologs include invertebrates such as▼
[[File:PCNX4 Ortholog Chart.pdf|thumb|Twenty-four PCNX4 orthologs including additional information relating to sequence relatedness and history. Colors were added to highlight similarities within taxonomic groups.]]▼
==
The PCNX4 [[molecular weight]] is approximately 133 kDa with an amino acid makeup of 1,172<ref name=":2" />. The [[isoelectric point]] is 5.9.
▲Overall, these **figures** provide an interesting find of PCNX4 in various locations, but there are some clear levels of expression such as in reproductive tissues, brain, and [[Gastrointestinal tract|GI organs]]<ref name=":0" />.
===
▲[[File:PCNX4 Evolution Rate Graph.pdf|thumb|'''Figure Y.''' Evolutionary history of human PCNX4 orthologs in relation to the evolution in cytochrome c and fibrinogen alpha.]]The evolution of the PCNX4 protein can be visualized in the graph along with cytochrome c and fibrinogen alpha as references of known evolution rates.
Mostly, PCNX4 is found to be in the ER, cytosol, and plasma membrane. With no (signifiant) signal peptides identified, it is also congruent with being local and not traveling to areas such as the nucleus.▼
===
▲PCNX4 is found to have around 600 vertebrate [[orthologs]] and between 1-3 [[paralogs]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=NCBI Orthologs |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/64430/ortholog/?scope=8782 |website=National Library of Medicine}}</ref>. Some additional orthologs include invertebrates such as ___, _____, and _____. Orthologs are not present in ____.
==== Paralogs ====
▲An important paralog to PCNX4 is PCNX3<ref name=":1" />. PCNX1 and PCNX2 exists, but they are not as closely related to PCNX4.[[File:PCNX4 Ortholog Chart.pdf|thumb|'''Figure Z.''' Twenty-four PCNX4 orthologs including additional information relating to sequence relatedness and history. Colors
=== Protein sub-cellular localization-CITE ===
▲Mostly, PCNX4 is found to be in the [[Endoplasmic reticulum|ER]], [[cytosol]], and [[plasma membrane]]. With no
=== Protein analysis-CITE ===
PCNX4 has hydrophobic rich amino acids, somewhat more than the average human protein and it has many transmembrane regions.
== Clinical significance ==
== References ==
<references />
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