Pecanex-like protein 4 (PCNX4) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PCNX4 gene[1]. PCNX4 is a gene expressed moderately in 27 different tissue types in humans, but most abundantly in brain, endometrium, prostate, and adrenal tissue[1]. FUNCTION?
Gene
PCNX4 is a protein encoding gene located on chromosome 14 in Homo sapiens at location q23.1 (see Figure X)[2].Neighboring genes to PCNX4 are LRRC9 on the positive strand and DHRS7 on the bottom strand[1]. LRRC9 is expressed most in the testis—a leucine rich repeat; while DHRS7 a dehydrogenase/reductase is expressed most in the prostate, similar to PCNX4 [3][4].
Other names for this gene are: PCNXL4, C14orf135, Chromosome 14 open reading frame 135, Hepatitis C Virus F Protein-Binding Protein 2, and HCV F Protein-Binding Protein 2[2].
Expression
Expression of this gene can be predominately seen in the endometrium, prostate, and adrenal, but is known to be expressed in 27 total tissue types[1]. Overall, there are some clear levels of expression in reproductive tissues, brain, and GI organs seen in multiple different tissue analysis[1].
Throughout early development, the expression of PCNX4 is variable to an adult and can be as high as two-fold to normal adult expression patterns[1].
mRNA
The protein sequence of PCNX4, isoform 1, includes 15 transmembrane regions, 2 glycosylation sites, and 12 exons[5]. PCNX4 has two isoforms with isoform-1 being the longest while isoform-2 has missing exons or shorter N-terminus'[2].
Post-translational modifications
N-glycos____
Protein
The PCNX4 protein molecular weight is approximately 133 kDa with an amino acid makeup of 1,172[2][5]. The isoelectric point is 5.9[6].
Structure
Background
The evolution of the PCNX4 protein can be visualized in graph 1. along with cytochrome c and fibrinogen alpha as references of known evolution rates.
Orthology
PCNX4 is found to have around 600 vertebrate orthologs and between 1-3 paralogs[7]. Some additional orthologs include invertebrates such as Arachnida, Bivalvia, and Echinoidea. Orthologs are not present in ____.
Paralogs
An important paralog to PCNX4 is PCNX3[2]. PCNX1 and PCNX2 exists, but they are not as closely related to PCNX4. When comparing protein sequences, the four different PCNX do not align as closely as even close orthologs do. ADD TRANSLATION_____
Protein sub-cellular localization
Mostly, PCNX4 is found to be in the ER, cytosol, and plasma membrane[8][9]. With no signifiant signal peptides identified, it is also congruent with being local and not traveling to areas such as the nucleus in the cell[10].
Protein analysis
PCNX4 has hydrophobic rich amino acids, somewhat more than the average human protein and it has many transmembrane regions[11].
Clinical significance
Current literature contains some information of PCNX4 in relation to the study of mental illeness in women, illness such as major depressive disorder.
References
- ^ a b c d e f "Pecanx-4 [Homo sapiens (Human)] -Gene-NCBI". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b c d e "PCNX4 Gene". GeneCards.
- ^ "LRRC9 leucine rich repeat containing 9 [Homo sapiens (human)]-Gene-NCBI". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "DHRS7B dehydrogenase/reductase 7B [Homo sapiens (human)]-Gene-NCBI". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b "Pecanx-4 [Homo sapiens (Human)] -Protein NCBI". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "PCNX4". Expasy.
- ^ "PCNX4 [Homo sapiens (Human)] -Orthologs -NCBI". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "PCNX4 -DeepLoc". DTU Health Tec- DeepLoc.
- ^ "PCNX4". Human Protein Atlas.
- ^ "PCNX4 -SignalP". DTU Health Tech -SignalP.
- ^ "PCNX4 SAPS". SAPS Sequence Statistics.