French cruiser Troude: Difference between revisions

|Ship ordered=16 August 1886

|Ship laid down=November27 August 1886

|Ship commissioned=6 December 1888

|Ship in service=5 February 1891

|Ship out of service=1 July 1906

|Ship struck=19073 orJuly 19081907

|Ship fate=[[ship breaking|Broken up]], c. 1908

|Ship class={{sclass-|Troude|cruiser|0}} [[protected cruiser]]

|Ship displacement={{cvt|1994|LT1877|t|lk=on}}

|Ship length={{cvt|95|m|ftin}} ([[long at the waterline|lwl]])

|Ship beam={{cvt|9.5|m|ftin}}

|Ship draft={{cvt|54.1827|m|0}}

*{{cvt|58006300|ihp|lk=on}}

|Ship range={{cvt|2110|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|10|kn}}

|Ship complement=201200

*4 × {{cvt|138.6|mm}} guns

*[[deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{cvt|1.640|in|order=flipmm}}

*[[Conning tower]]: {{cvt|25|40 mm|0}}

Beginning in 1879, the [[French Navy]]'s {{lang|fr|[[Conseil dedes Traveauxtravaux|Conseil des Travaux]]}} (Council of Works) had requested designs for small but fast [[cruiser]]s of about {{cvt|2000|LT|t|0|lk=in|0on}} [[displacement (ship)|displacement]] that could be used as scouts for the main battle fleet. The [[unprotected cruiser]] {{ship|French cruiser|Milan||2}} was the first of the type, which was developed into the {{sclass-|Forbin|cruiser|5}}-type of [[protected cruiser]]s after the {{lang|fr|Conseil}} requested light armor protection for the ships. TheAfter the first two ships were ordered, the navy requested competing proposals from private shipyards, and the design from {{lang|fr|[[Forges et Chantiers de la Gironde]]}} was furtherselected, refinedwhich withbecame the ''Troude'' class. In total, whichsix addedships armorwere protectionultimately forordered, thethree [[conningper tower]],class; amongall were othervery improvementssimilar. All of the ships were ordered by Admiral [[Théophile Aube]], then the [[French Minister of Marine]] and an ardent supporter of the {{lang|fr|[[Jeune École]]}} doctrine; proponents of the concept favored the use of cruisers to attack an opponent's merchant shipping instead of a fleet of expensive [[battleship]]s.{{sfn|GardinerRoberts|pp=309–310247–249}}{{sfn|Ropp|pp=129–130, 172}}

''Troude'' was {{cvt|95|m|ftin}} [[long at the waterline]], with a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{cvt|9.5|m|ftin}} and aan average [[draft (hull)|draft]] of {{cvt|54.1827|m|0}}. She displaced {{cvt|1994|LT1877|t}} as designed. Her crew amounted to 201200 officers and enlisted men. The ship's propulsion system consisted of a pair of [[compound steam engine]]s driving two [[screw propeller]]s. Steam was provided by five coal-burning [[fire-tube boiler]]s that were ducted into two [[funnel (ship)|funnels]]. Her machinery was rated to produce {{convert|58006300|ihp|lk=on}} for a top speed of {{convert|20.5|kn|lk=in}}. At a more economical speed of {{convert|10|kn}}, the ship could steam for {{convert|2110|nmi|lk=in}}.{{sfn|GardinerCampbell|p=310}}{{sfn|Roberts|p=249}}

The ship was armed with a [[main battery]] of four {{cvt|138.6|mm}} 30-[[caliber (artillery)|caliber]] guns in individual mounts[[pivot mount]]s, all in [[sponson]]s located [[amidships]] with two guns per [[Broadside (naval)|broadside]]. For close-range defense against [[torpedo boat]]s, she carried four [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|{{cvt|47|mm}} 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns]] and four {{cvt|37|mm}} 1-pounder [[Hotchkiss revolver cannon]]. She was also armed with four {{cvt|356|mm|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s in her [[hull (watercraft)|hull]] belowabove the [[waterline]], two in the [[bow (ship)|bow]] and shetwo further aft, one per broadside. She had provisions to carry up to 150 [[naval mine]]s. Armor protection consisted of a curved armor [[deck (ship)|deck]] that was {{cvt|1.640|in|order=flipmm}} thick, along with {{cvt|25|40 mm|0}} plating on the conning tower. Above the deck, a [[cofferdam]] was intended to control flooding from battle damage.{{sfn|GardinerCampbell|p=310}}{{sfn|Roberts|p=249}}

The contract for ''Troude'' was builtplaced on 16 August 1886 atwith the [[Forges et Chantiers de la Gironde]] shipyard in [[Lormont]]. She was [[keel laying|laid down]] ineleven Novemberdays 1886later, the first member of her class to begin construction.{{sfn|GardinerCampbell|p=310}}{{sfn|Roberts|p=249}} She was [[ship launching|launched]] on 22 October 1888,{{sfn|Gardiner &was moved to [[Rochefort, GrayCharente-Maritime|p=193}}Rochefort]] completedon her24–25 November for [[fitting-out]], and was [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] for [[sea trials]] on 6 December 1888. The ship's propulsion system proved to be troublesome during her trials, which lasted for more than two years.{{sfn|Roberts|p=249}} She completed trials on 18 December 1890,{{sfn|Ships: France|p=270}} and was accepted by the French Navy in January 1891.,{{sfn|GardinerCampbell|p=310}} Bythough 1893,she ''Troude''was hadnot beenplaced assignedin tofull thecommission Mediterraneanfor Squadron,active theservice mainuntil French5 battle fleetJanuary. AtOn thatentering timeservice, theshe unitwas alsoassigned included several modern [[ironclad warship]]s,to the [[armoredMediterranean cruiser]]Squadron {{ship(France)|FrenchMediterranean cruiser|Dupuy de Lome||2}}Squadron]], and the protectedmain cruisers {{ship|French cruiser|Amiralbattle Cécille||2}}fleet, {{ship|Frenchand cruiser|Cosmao||2}},she {{ship|Frenchdeparted cruiser|JeanRochefort Bart||2}},on and15 {{ship|French cruiser|Lalande||2}}February.{{sfn|Brassey 1893Roberts|p=70249}}

She was still serving in the unit in 1895, by which time the fleet's cruiser division consisted of ''Troude'', her [[sister ship]]s ''Lalande'' and ''Cosmao'', {{ship|French cruiser|Tage||2}}, and {{ship|French cruiser|Suchet||2}}.{{sfn|Brassey 1895|p=50}} She took part in the fleet maneuvers that year, which began on 1 July and concluded on the 27th. She was assigned to "Fleet B", which along with "Fleet A" represented the French fleet, and was tasked with defeating the hostile "Fleet C", which represented the Italian fleet.{{sfn|Gleig|pp=195–196}} She remained in the Mediterranean Squadron in 1896,{{sfn|Brassey 1896|p=62}} and she took part in that year's maneuvers as part of the cruiser [[Screening (tactical)|screen]] for the 3rd Division. The maneuvers for that year took place from 6 to 30 July.{{sfn|Thursfield|pp=164–167}} ''Troude'' initially remained with the active units of the Mediterranean Squadron in 1897.{{sfn|Brassey 1897|p=57}} Later that year, she served as the [[flagship]] of Rear Admiral [[Édouard Pottier]] in the Levant Division duringat the start of the [[Cretan Revolt (1897-1898)|Cretan Revolt of 1897–1898]].{{sfn|Robinson|p=187}} By 1898, the armored cruiser {{ship|French cruiser|Amiral Charner||2}} had replaced ''Troude'' as the flagship, allowing the latter to return to France.{{sfn|Naval Notes: France|p=1092}} ''Troude'' served in the North Atlantic Division in 1900, along with ''Amiral Cécille'' and ''Suchet''.{{sfn|Garbett|p=1026}} That year, she was placed out of service at Rochefort to be re-boilered; the work lasted until 1902.{{sfn|Roberts|p=249}}

''Troude'' and her sister ships had been deactivated and placed in the [[reserve fleet]] by January 1901.{{sfn|Jordan & Caresse|p=219}} In 1903, the ship was reactivated and assigned to the Atlantic Squadron, which had previously been amalgamated with the Northern Squadron. At that time, the unit consisted of ''Tage'', ''Troude'', and the protected cruiser {{ship|French cruiser|D'Estrées||2}}.{{sfn|Brassey 1903|pp=58–60}} She operated as part of the Newfoundland and Iceland Naval Division in 1904 in company with the protected cruiser {{ship|French cruiser|Lavoisier||2}}, which was tasked with patrolling fishing areas off the coast of North America.{{sfn|Meirat|p=21}} In 1905, she operated in the Atlantic Squadron with the armored cruiser {{ship|French cruiser|Dupleix|1900|2}} and the protected cruiser {{ship|French cruiser|Jurien de la Gravière||2}}.{{sfn|Brassey 1905|p=42}} TheOn ship1 July 1906, ''Troude'' was placed in the category of special reserve, and was struck from the [[naval register]] inon either3 July 1907,{{sfn|Gardiner. &She Gray|p=193}}was placed for sale at Rochefort in 1907 or 1908,{{sfn|Gardiner|p=310}} and wasthereafter [[ship breaking|broken up]] for [[scrap]] that year.{{sfn|Gardiner & GrayCampbell|p=310}}{{sfn|Roberts|p=249}}{{sfn|Smigielski|p=193}}

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vhYAAAAAMAAJ&dq=brassey%27s%20naval%20annual&source=gbs_book_other_versions

| ref = {{sfnRef|GardinerCampbell}}

* {{cite bookjournal

|editor1editor-last=GardinerGarbett

|editor1editor-first=RobertH.

|yearvolume=1985XLIII

|journal=[[The Navy and Army Illustrated]]