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{{Use dmy dates|date=
{{More citations needed|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Katanga Province
| native_name = {{native name|fr|paren=omit|Province du Katanga}}
| image_map = File:BelgianCongoProvinces-1920.svg
| map_caption
| coordinates = {{
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|COD|name=DR Congo}}
| established_title = Established
Line 12 ⟶ 13:
| extinct_title = Dissolved
| extinct_date = {{end date|2015}}
| seat_type = [[Capital city|Capital]]
| seat = [[Lubumbashi]]
| leader_title = Governor
Line 20 ⟶ 21:
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Katangese
| blank_name_sec1 = Official
| blank_info_sec1 = [[French language|French]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = National
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Swahili language|Swahili]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Other:
| blank2_info_sec1 =[[English language|English]]
| type = [[Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Former province]]
| seat1_type = Largest city
| seat1 = Lubumbashi
}}
[[File:Malachite Kolwezi Katanga Congo.jpg|thumb|[[Malachite]] specimen, showing the original [[botryoidal]] form
[[File:Malachite Katanga ROM.jpg|thumb|Another malachite specimen from Katanga, on display at the [[Royal Ontario Museum]].]]
'''Katanga''' was one of the four large provinces created in the [[Belgian Congo]] in 1914.
It was one of the eleven [[provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] between 1966 and 2015, when it was split into the [[Tanganyika Province|Tanganyika]], [[Haut-Lomami]], [[Lualaba Province|Lualaba]], and [[Haut-Katanga]] provinces. Between 1971 and 1997 (during the rule of [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] when Congo was known as [[
Katanga's area encompassed {{convert|497000|km2|
==History==
{{main|History of Katanga}}
[[Copper mining]] in Katanga dates back over 1,000 years, and mines in the region were producing standard-sized [[ingots]] of copper for international transport by the end of the 10th century CE.<ref>{{cite book |editor-first=Amy |editor-last=McKenna |title=The History of Central and Eastern Africa |publisher=Rosen Education Service |series=Britannica Guide to Africa |date=2011 |isbn=978-1615303229 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofcentral0000unse_p8v3/page/9 9] |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofcentral0000unse_p8v3/page/9
In the 1890s, the province was beleaguered from the south by [[Cecil Rhodes]]' [[Northern Rhodesia]], and from the north by the [[Belgian Congo]], the personal possession of King [[Leopold II of Belgium]]. [[Msiri]], the King of Katanga, (no such title exist, Msiri is a title for local authority in area controlled by Kazembe) held out against both, but eventually Katanga was subsumed by the Belgian Congo.<ref>{{cite book |
After 1900, the [[Societe Generale de Belgique]] practically controlled all of the mining in the province through [[Union Minière du Haut Katanga]] (UMHK). This included [[uranium]], [[radium]], copper, [[cobalt]], [[zinc]], [[cadmium]], [[germanium]], [[manganese]], [[silver]], [[gold]], and [[tin]].
In 1915, a deposit of [[pitchblende]] and other uranium minerals of a higher grade than had ever been found before anywhere in the world and higher than any found since were discovered at [[Shinkolobwe]]. The discovery was kept secret by UMHK. After [[World War I]] ended a factory was built at [[Olen, Belgium|Olen]]; the secrecy was lifted at the end of 1922 with the announcement of the production of the first gram of radium from the pitchblende.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050325035647/http://www.world-nuclear.org/ushista.htm Uranium's scientific history - Part 2]</ref> By the start of [[World War II]], the mining companies "constituted a state within the [[Belgian Congo]]". The [[Shinkolobwe]] mine near [[Jadotville]] (now [[Likasi]]) was at the centre of the [[Manhattan Project]].<ref>{{cite book |
[[Image:Shinkolobwe.jpg|thumb|Mine de Shinkolobwe. The uranium for the [[Manhattan Project]] and the [[Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]] came from [[Shinkolobwe]] mine.]]
In 1960, after the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then called Republic of the Congo) gained independence from Belgium, the UMHK, [[Moise Tshombe]] and [[Godefroid Munongo]] supported the [[secession]] of Katanga province from the Congo. This was supported by Belgium but opposed by the Congolese Prime Minister [[Patrice Lumumba]]. This led to the assassination of Lumumba and the [[Katanga Crisis]] (or "Congo Crisis"), which lasted from 1960 to 1965. The breakaway [[State of Katanga]] existed from 1960 to 1963, then was reintegrated.<ref name="Jullien2013">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23422038 |title=Fighting for DR Congo's cash cow to secede |
In 2005, the new constitution specified that Katanga was to be split up into separately administered provinces.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Congo#Article_2 |title=Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo: Article 2 |publisher=[[Wikisource]] |access-date=24 May 2016 |archive-date=25 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025124200/http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Congo#Article_2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Militias such as [[Mai Mai Kata Katanga]] led by [[Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga]] fought for Katanga to secede, and his group briefly took over the provincial capital [[Lubumbashi]] in 2013.<ref name="Jullien2013"/>
In 2015, Katanga Province was split into the constitutional provinces of [[Tanganyika Province|Tanganyika]], [[Haut-Lomami]], [[Lualaba Province|Lualaba]], and [[Haut-Katanga]].<ref>[http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?p=4551 The National Assembly adopts the laws regarding the limits of the provinces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127065041/http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?p=4551 |date=27 January 2015 }}, [[National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]], 10 January 2015. {{in lang|fr}}</ref><ref>[http://www.radiookapi.net/2016/03/27/actualite/politique/election-des-gouverneurs-les-resultats-definitifs-attendus-le-18 Election of governors: definite results expected on 18 April] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328191445/http://www.radiookapi.net/2016/03/27/actualite/politique/election-des-gouverneurs-les-resultats-definitifs-attendus-le-18 |date=28 March 2016 }}, [[Radio Okapi]], 27 March 2016. {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
==Economy==
Copper mining is an important part of the economy of Katanga province.<ref name="congo-pages">{{cite web |url=http://www.congo-pages.org/katart/copper.htm |title=COPPER |publisher=congo-pages.org |
==Mining==
{{Main|Copper mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
[[Lubumbashi]], the mining capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo, is a hub for many of the country's biggest mining companies. The Democratic Republic of Congo produces "more than 3 percent of the world’s copper and half its [[cobalt]], most of which comes from Katanga".<ref name=BloombergKavanagh>{{cite news |title=Congolese Militia Seizes UN Compound in Katanga's Lubumbashi |
Major mining concessions include [[Tilwezembe]] and [[Kalukundi]].
===Mining companies===
*
*
==Geography==
[[File:Katanga Hills.jpg|thumb|Hills of Katanga]]
The province bordered Angola and formed the entire Congolese border with
The province was divided in 2015 into five successor provinces, based on the districts of Katanga at that time:
Line 83 ⟶ 85:
==Education and medical care==
The [[University of Lubumbashi]], located in the northern part of Lubumbashi city, is the largest university in the province and one of the largest in the country.
TESOL, the English Language School of Lubumbashi, is a secondary school that serves the expatriate community. It was founded in 1987 on the grounds of the French School, Lycée Français Blaise Pascal, which suspended operations in 1991 with a new French School starting in 2009.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070426161451/http://web.mac.com/hoovmoss/iWeb/TESOL/Home.html English-speaking School of Lubumbashi (TESOL)], page from 2007, [[Internet Archive]], Accessed 3 March 2013.</ref>
Katanga province has the highest rate of [[infant mortality]] in the world, with 184 of 1000 babies born expected to die before the age of five.<ref name='BBC'>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17769472 |title=DR Congo eyes a greater share of its mineral riches |work=[[BBC News Online]] |
▲Katanga province has the highest rate of [[infant mortality]] in the world, with 184 of 1000 babies born expected to die before the age of five.<ref name='BBC'>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17769472|title=DR Congo eyes a greater share of its mineral riches|work=[[BBC News Online]]|accessdate=22 April 2012|date=22 April 2012}}</ref>
[[File:Katanga provincial parliament building.jpg|thumb|Provincial assembly building of Katanga in [[Lubumbashi]]]]
==Transportation==
The [[Société nationale des Chemins de fer du Congo|Congo Railway]] provides Katanga Province with limited railway service centered on [[Lubumbashi]]. Reliability is limited. [[Lubumbashi International Airport]] is located northeast of Lubumbashi. In April 2014, a [[2014 Katanga train derailment|train derailment]] killed 63 people.<ref>{{cite web
==
*[[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]], former president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
*[[Moise Tshombe]], former president of the breakaway State of Katanga
*
*
▲* [[Barbara Kanam]], popular singer
▲* [[Lunda Bululu]], former prime minister of Zaire
▲* [[Godefroid Munongo]], politician
==See also==
{{Portal|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
*
*
*
*
*[[Stairs Expedition to Katanga]] *[[State of Katanga]]
▲* Lubumbashi [[Lubumbashi#History|history]] and [[Timeline of Lubumbashi|timeline]]
▲* [[List of governors of Katanga]]
==References==
{{reflist
==External links==
{{Commons category|Katanga}}
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{{Katanga}}
{{Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Katanga Province| ]]
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