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{{Undergarment}}
'''Stockings''' (also known as '''hose''', especially in a historical context) are close-fitting, variously elastic [[clothing|garment]]s covering the leg from the foot up to the knee or possibly part or all of the [[thigh]]. Stockings vary in color, design, and [[Sheer fabric|transparency]]. Today, stockings are primarily worn for fashion and [[aesthetics]], usually in association with mid-length or short [[skirt]]s.
==History==
[[File:NMA.0028271, Fashion Photo by Erik Liljeroth 1954.jpg|thumb|alt=A woman stretching a sheer stocking with her hands to inspect it|Examining the quality of nylon stockings, [[Malmö]] clothing factory, Sweden, 1954
[[File:Stockings for sale in south korea - 2007-6-9.jpg|thumb|alt=A display showing various stockings suspended on legs|Stockings on display for sale in [[South Korea]]
Historically, even though the word ''sock'' is at least as ancient in origin, what men normally wore
The word ''stock'' used to refer to the bottom "stump" part of the body, and by [[analogy]] the word was used to refer to the one-piece covering of the lower trunk and limbs of the 15th century—essentially [[tights]] consisting of the ''upper-stocks'' (later to be worn separately as knee breeches) and ''nether-stocks'' (later to be worn separately as ''stockings''). (See [[Hose (clothing)|Hose]].) Before the 1590s, stockings were
Before the 1920s, stockings, if worn, were worn for warmth. In the 1920s, as [[hemline]]s of dresses rose and central heating was not widespread, women began to wear flesh-colored stockings to cover their exposed legs. Those stockings were sheer, first made of silk or [[rayon]] (then known as "artificial silk") and after 1940 of [[nylon]].
[[File:KronenbergStockings.JPG|thumb|alt=Yellow box in which stockings were sold|left|Kronenberg brand stocking from mid-20th century]]
A precursor of [[pantyhose]] made an appearance in the 1940s and 1950s, when film and theater productions had stockings sewn to the briefs of actresses and dancers, according to actress-singer-dancer [[Ann Miller]]<ref>{{cite video|people=Robert Osborne (Host)|date=1997-08-20|title=Private Screenings: Ann Miller|medium=Television production|publisher=Turner Classic Movies}}</ref> and seen in popular films such as [[Daddy Long Legs (1955 film)|''Daddy Long Legs'']]. Today, stockings are commonly made using [[knitting|knitted]] wool, silk, cotton or nylon (see [[hosiery]]). The introduction of commercial pantyhose in 1959 gave an alternative to stockings, and the use of stockings declined dramatically. A main reason for this was the trend towards higher hemlines on dresses (see [[minidress]]). In 1970, U.S. sales of pantyhose exceeded stockings for the first time, and has remained this way ever since.<ref>{{cite book|last=Christensen|first=C. Roland|title=Business Policy: Text and Cases|publisher=R.D. Irwin|year=1982|isbn=0-256-02626-2|page=161}}</ref> Beginning in 1987, sales of pantyhose started a slight decline due to the newly invented hold-ups, but still remain the most sold kind of hosiery.
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Stockings are still sometimes preferred to [[pantyhose]] in North American English, for a number of reasons. These may include the perception that stockings, and the associated use of [[Garter (stockings)|garter]]s, [[Lace-making|lace]], high fashion, [[appliqué]] and the exposure of the thigh, are more aesthetically pleasing, or sexually attractive and alluring than pantyhose.
Both nylon stockings and pantyhose in being sheer share the advantage of being quick-drying compared to
However, stockings have a drawback in colder weather, because more skin is exposed to the cold compared to pantyhose. Also, pantyhose do not require garters or garter belts
==Support==
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[[Image:Legs in black stockings.jpg|right|thumb|alt=Seated woman wearing elastic stockings with her legs crossed|150px|A woman wearing [[Hold-ups|stay-up stockings]] held up by elastic]]
Stockings can be held up in one of three ways:
# A [[Garter belts|garter belt]] ([[American English|AmE]]), or suspender belt or suspenders ([[British English|BrE]]), is the second most common way of holding up stockings. It is a piece of [[underwear]] worn around the waist like a belt but under clothing which has "suspenders" or "stays" that clip to the tops of the stockings. Frequently, women opted for girdles that included the clips instead of a separate belt.
# [[Hold-ups
# A [[garter (stockings)|garter]] is the least common means of support. It is slipped over the top of the stocking to hold the stocking by essentially clamping it to the leg. These are the garters typically worn by a bride at her wedding
==Terminology==
[[Image:Fishnet stockings from below.jpg|right|thumb|alt=A pair of legs with fishnet stockings|150px|[[Fishnet]] hosiery.]]
In modern usage, ''stocking'' specifically refers to the form of hosiery configured as two pieces, one for each leg (except for American and [[Australian English]], where the term can also be a synonym for [[pantyhose]]). The terms ''hold-ups'' and ''thigh highs'' refer to stockings that stay up through the use of built-in elastic, while the word ''stockings'' is the general term or refers to the kind of stockings that need a suspender belt (garter belt, in [[American English]]), and are quite distinct from [[tights]] or pantyhose (American English).
Other terms used with stockings include:
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* [[Fishnet (material)|Fishnet]]: Knitted stockings with a very wide open knit resembling a [[fish net]].
* Fencenet: Similar to fishnet, but with a much wider pattern. These are sometimes worn over another pair of stockings or pantyhose, such as matte or opaque, with a contrasting colour. Sometimes referred to as whalenets.
* [[Kit (association football)|Football stockings]]: typically made out of heavy cotton or a thick, durable synthetic fabric that reaches the knee.<ref>''[http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Articles/History.htm A Brief History of Football Kit Design in England and Scotland]''
* [[Fully fashioned stockings|Full Fashioned]]: Fully fashioned stockings are knitted flat, the material is then cut and the two sides are then united by a seam up the back. Fully fashioned stockings were the most popular style until the 1960s.
* [[Hold-ups]] (British English) or [[Stay-ups]]: Stockings that are held up by sewn-in elasticated bands (quite often a wide lace top band). In the US they are referred to as thigh-highs.
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* Seamless: Stockings knit in one operation on circular machines (one continuous operation) so that no seaming is required up the back.
* Sheers: Stockings generally of a 15 to 20 denier.
* Contrast Tops: Stockings with a different colour top to the main stocking, such as black tops with a natural beige colour stocking
* Stocking Feet: Shoeless feet covered by stockings or socks.
* [[File:14 Strap Suspender Belt.jpg|thumb|14 Strap Burlesque style Suspender Belt]][[Suspender belt]] ([[British English]]) or [[Garter belt]] (American English): a belt with straps to keep stockings (not hold-ups)
* [[Ultra sheer]]: A fine denier fiber which gives the ultimate in sheerness. Usually 10 denier but can be as low as 1 denier.
* Welt: A fabric knitted separately and machine-sewn to the top of a stocking. Knit in a heavier denier yarn and folded double to give strength for supporter fastening.
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* [[Nylon riots]]
* [[Pantyhose]]
* [[Tights]]▼
* [[Sock]]
* [[Stocking fetishism]]
* [[Tabi]]
▲* [[Tights]]
* [[Zettai ryōiki]]
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* [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/search/stockings/results Stockings in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa]
* [https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/search/hosiery/results Images of hosiery in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa]
* [http://histclo.com/Style/foot/sock/sock-typel.html Children's Stockings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930213945/https://www.histclo.com/style/foot/sock/sock-typel.html |date=2020-09-30 }}
* [https://catalog.museumhosiery.com/#home Database of hosiery factories, companies and trademarks]
{{Hosiery}}▼
{{Lingerie}}
▲{{Hosiery}}
{{Men's undergarments}}▼
{{Clothing}}
▲{{Men's undergarments}}
{{Footwear}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Lingerie]]
[[Category:Socks]]
[[Category:Women's clothing]]
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