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|name = Su-27
|image = File:Sukhoi Su-27SKM at MAKS-2005 airshow.jpg{{!}}border
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▲ |type = [[Multirole combat aircraft|Multirole fighter]], [[air superiority fighter]]
|manufacturer = [[Sukhoi]]
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|designer =
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|retired =
|status = In service
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|produced = 1982–2010
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The '''Sukhoi Su-27''' ({{lang-ru|Сухой Су-27}}; [[NATO reporting name]]: '''Flanker''') is a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-origin [[twinjet|twin-engine]] [[supersonic]] [[Supermaneuverability|supermaneuverable]] [[fighter aircraft]] designed by [[Sukhoi]]. It was intended as a direct competitor for the large US [[fourth-generation jet fighter]]s such as the [[Grumman F-14 Tomcat]] and [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]], with {{convert|3530|km|nmi|sigfig=3|adj=on}} range, heavy [[aircraft ordnance]], sophisticated [[avionics]] and high maneuverability. The Su-27 was designed for [[air superiority]] missions, and subsequent variants are able to perform almost all [[aerial warfare]] operations. It was designed with the [[Mikoyan MiG-29]] as its complement.
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The ''T-10S-3'' was modified and officially designated the ''P-42'', setting a number of [[Viktor Pugachyov#Record flights|world records for time-to-height]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07tEk-9j69I |title=The fastest climb in aviation history. Climbing time record of the Su-27 to an altitude of 12 km |date=5 July 2020 |website=YouTube |access-date=8 December 2020 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709201016/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07tEk-9j69I |url-status=live }}</ref> beating those set in 1975 by a [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle#Research and test|similarly modified F-15]] called "The Streak Eagle".<ref>{{cite web |title=40 Years Ago, 'Streak Eagle' Smashed Records for 'Time to Climb' |url=http://www.utc.com/News/PW/Pages/40-Years-Ago-Streak-Eagle-Smashed-Records-for-Time-to-Climb.aspx |website=[[United Technologies]] Corp. |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402122156/http://www.utc.com/News/PW/Pages/40-Years-Ago-Streak-Eagle-Smashed-Records-for-Time-to-Climb.aspx |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The ''P-42'' "Streak Flanker" was stripped of all armament, radar and operational equipment. The fin tips, tail-boom and the wingtip launch rails were also removed. The composite radome was replaced by a lighter metal version. The aircraft was stripped of paint, polished and all drag-producing gaps and joints were sealed. The engines were modified to deliver an increase in thrust of {{convert|1000|kg|abbr=on}}, resulting in a [[thrust-to-weight ratio]] of almost 2:1 (for comparison with standard example see [[#Specifications (Su-27SK)|Specifications]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=P-42 Record Flanker |url=http://www.propro.ru/flankers/eng/su-27.htm#p42 |website=ProPro Group |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312181931/http://propro.ru/flankers/eng/Su-27.htm#p42 |archive-date=12 March 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Winchester |first1=Jim |title=Jet fighters : inside & out |date=2012 |publisher=Rosen Pub. |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4488-5982-5 |page=130 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3shgcJXesN0C&pg=PA130 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402201416/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=3shgcJXesN0C&pg=PA130 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Sukhoi Su-27UB ’17 red’ (37514194274).jpg|thumb|Twin-seat combat trainer Su-27UB of the [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]]]
The production ''Su-27'' (sometimes ''Su-27S'', NATO designation 'Flanker-B') began to enter [[Soviet Air Forces|VVS]] operational service in 1985, although manufacturing difficulties kept it from appearing in strength until 1990.<ref name="SU27SKhistory">{{cite web |url=http://www.sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su27sk/history/ |title=Airplanes - Military Aircraft - Su-27SÊ - Historical background |website=Sukhoi Company (JSC) |access-date=4 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214080912/http://www.sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su27sk/history/ |archive-date=14 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Su-27 served with both the [[Soviet Air Defence Forces|V-PVO]] and Frontal Aviation. Operational conversion of units to the type occurred using the ''Su-27UB'' (Russian for ''Uchebno Boevoy'' - "combat trainer", NATO designation 'Flanker-C') twin-seat trainer, with the pilots seated in tandem.<ref name="www.nationalmuseum.af.mil">{{cite web |last1=Zettlemoyer |first1=Ryan |title=Sukhoi SU-27UB
When the naval Flanker trainer was being conceived the Soviet Air Force was evaluating a replacement for the [[Sukhoi Su-24|Su-24 "Fencer"]] strike aircraft, and it became evident to Soviet planners at the time that a replacement for the Su-24 would need to be capable of surviving engagements with the new American F-15 and F-16. The Sukhoi bureau concentrated on adaptations of the standard ''Su-27UB'' tandem-seat trainer. However, the Soviet Air Force favoured the crew station (side-by-side seating) approach used in the Su-24 as it worked better for the high workload and potentially long endurance strike roles. Therefore, the conceptual naval [[Trainer (aircraft)#Tandem and side by side|side-by-side seated trainer]] was used as the basis for development of the ''Su-27IB'' (Russian for ''Istrebityel Bombardirovshchik'' - "fighter bomber") as an Su-24 replacement in 1983. The first production airframe was flown in early 1994 and renamed the ''Su-34'' (NATO reporting name 'Fullback').<ref name="auto">{{cite journal |last1=Kopp |first1=Dr. Carlo |title=Sukhoi Su-34 Fullback: Russia's New Heavy Strike Fighter (Technical Report APA-TR-2007-0108) |url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Fullback.html |website=Air Power Australia |date=April 2012 |pages=1 |access-date=19 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317021534/http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Fullback.html |archive-date=17 March 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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=== Navy ===
[[File:The 279th separate naval fighter regiment (Murmansk Region) (26).jpg|thumb|A [[Su-33]] on approach]]
Development of a version for the Soviet Navy designated ''Su-27K'' (from ''Korabyelny'' - "shipborne", NATO designation 'Flanker-D') commenced not long after the development of the main land-based type. Some of the T-10 demonstrators were modified to test features of navalized variants for carrier operations. These modified demonstrators led to specific prototypes for the Soviet Navy, designated "''T-10K''". The T-10Ks had [[canard (aeronautics)|canards]], an [[Tailhook|arresting hook]] and carrier landing avionics as well as a retractable inflight refueling probe. They did not have the landing gear required for carrier landings or folding wings. The first T-10K flew in August 1987 flown by the famous Soviet test pilot [[Viktor Pugachev]] (who first demonstrated the [[
At the time the naval Flanker was being developed the Soviets were building their first generation of aircraft carriers and had no experience with [[Aircraft catapult|steam catapults]] and did not want to delay the introduction of the carriers. Thus it was decided to use a takeoff method that did not require catapults by building up full thrust against a blast deflector until the aircraft sheared restraints holding it down to the deck. The fighter would then accelerate up the deck onto a ski jump and become airborne.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goebel |first1=Greg |title=[1.0] First-Generation Su-27s - [1.5] Naval Su-27K (Su-33) |url=http://www.airvectors.net/avsu27_1.html#m5 |website=AirVectors.net |access-date=8 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129032144/http://www.airvectors.net/avsu27_1.html#m5 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The production ''Su-27K'' featured the required strengthened landing gear with a two-wheel nose gear assembly, folding [[stabilator]]s and wings, outer [[aileron]]s that extended further with inner double slotted [[Flap (aeronautics)|flaps]] and enlarged [[leading-edge slats]] for low-speed carrier approaches, modified [[Leading-edge extension|
Development of the naval trainer, called the ''Su-27KUB'' (from ''Korabyelny Uchebno-Boyevoy'' - "shipborne trainer-combat"), began in 1989. The aim was to produce an airframe with dual roles for the Navy and Air Force suitable for a range of other missions such as reconnaissance, aerial refuelling, maritime strike, and jamming. This concept then evolved into the Su-27IB ([[Sukhoi Su-34|Su-34 "Fullback"]]) for the Soviet Air Force. The naval trainer had a revised forward fuselage to accommodate a side-by-side cockpit seating arrangement with crew access via a ladder in the nose-wheel undercarriage and enlarged canards, stabilisers, fins and rudders. The wings had extra ordnance hard-points and the fold position was also moved further outboard. The inlets were fixed and did not feature [[foreign object damage]] suppression hardware. The central fuselage was strengthened to accommodate {{convert|45|t|lb|abbr=off}} maximum gross weight and internal volume was increased by 30%. This first prototype, the T-10V-1, flew in April 1990 conducting aerial refuelling trials and simulated carrier landing approaches on the Tbilisi. The second prototype, the T-10V-2 was built in 1993 and had enlarged internal fuel tanks, enlarged spine, lengthened tail and tandem dual wheel main undercarriage.<ref name="auto"/>
=== Export and post-Soviet development ===
In 1991, the production facilities at [[Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Plant]] and [[Irkutsk]] developed export variants of the Su-27: the ''Su-27SK'' single seat fighter and ''Su-27UBK'' twin-seat trainer, (the ''K'' in both variants is Russian for "'''K'''ommercheskiy" - literally "Commercial")<ref name="Global Security">{{cite web |last1=Zettlemoyer |first1=Ryan |title=Su-27UBK FLANKER |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/su-27ubk.htm |website
After the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|collapse of the USSR]] in 1991, [[Russia]], the successor state, started development of advanced variants of the Su-27 including the [[Sukhoi Su-30|Su-30]], [[Sukhoi Su-33|Su-33]], Su-34, [[Sukhoi Su-35|Su-35]], and [[Sukhoi Su-37|Su-37]].
Since 1998 the export ''Su-27SK'' has been produced as the [[Shenyang J-11]] in China under licence. The first licensed-production plane, [[Shenyang Aircraft Corporation|assembled in Shenyang]] from Russian supplied kits, was flight tested on 16 December 1998. These licence-built versions, which numbered 100, were designated J-11A. The next model, the J-11B made extensive use of Chinese developed systems within the ''Su-27SK'' airframe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kopp |first1=Dr Carlo |title=PLA-AF and PLA-N Flanker Variants (Technical Report APA-TR-2012-0401) |url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-PLA-Flanker-Variants.html |website=Air Power Australia |date=7 April 2012 |pages=1 |access-date=7 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215122009/http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-PLA-Flanker-Variants.html |archive-date=15 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Starting in 2004, the Russian Air Force began a major update of the original Soviet Su-27 ('Flanker-B') fleet. The upgraded variants were designated ''Su-27SM'' (Russian for "'''S'''eriyniy '''M'''odernizovanniy" - literally "'''S'''erial '''M'''odernized"). This included upgrades in air-to-air capability with the [[R-77]] missile with an active radar homing head. The modernized Su-27SM fighters belong to the [[Fourth-generation jet fighter|4+ generation]]. The strike capability was enhanced with the addition of the [[Kh-29|Kh-29T/TE/L]] and [[AS-17 Krypton|Kh-31P/Kh-31A]] [[Air-to-surface missile|ASM]] and [[KAB-500KR|KAB-500KR/KAB-1500KR]] smart bombs. The avionics were also upgraded.<ref name="Air Vectors">{{cite web |last1=Zettlemoyer |first1=Ryan |title=[2.0] Second-Generation Su-27s & Derivatives |url=https://www.airvectors.net/avsu27_2.html |website
The Su-30 is a two-seat multi-role version developed from the ''Su-27UBK'' and was designed for export and evolved into two main variants. The export variant for China, the [[Sukhoi Su-30MKK|''SU-30MKK'']] ('Flanker-G') which first flew in 1999. The other variant developed as the export version for India, the [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|''Su-30MKI'']] ('Flanker-H') was delivered in 2002 and has at least five other configurations.
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[[File:Cockpit of Sukhoi Su-27 (2).jpg|thumb|left|Cockpit]]
The Su-27's basic design is aerodynamically similar to the [[MiG-29]], but it is substantially larger. The wings are attached to the center of the [[fuselage]] at the [[leading edge extension]]s, featuring a [[cropped delta|semi-delta]] design, with the tips cropped for missile rails or [[Electronic countermeasures|ECM]] pods. The fighter is also an example of a [[tailed delta]] wing configuration, retaining conventional horizontal [[tailplane]]s.<ref name="Fly MiG">{{cite web |last1=Zettlemoyer |first1=Ryan |title=Su-27 "Flanker" Technical Data. |url=https://www.flymig.com/aircraft/Su-27/ |website
[[File:Su-27 Cobra 2b.png|thumb|upright=1.7|Sketch of Su-27 performing a [[
The Su-27 had the Soviet Union's first operational fly-by-wire control system, based on the Sukhoi [[OKB]]'s experience with the [[Sukhoi T-4|T-4]] bomber project. Combined with relatively low [[wing loading]] and powerful basic flight controls, it makes for an exceptionally agile aircraft, controllable even at very low speeds and high [[angle of attack]]. In [[airshow]]s the aircraft has demonstrated its maneuverability with a
[[File:Su-27 armament.jpg|thumb|left|Su-27 carrying [[Vympel R-27]] missiles]]
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=== Soviet Union and Russia ===
[[File:Su-27SM3 flight, Celebration of the 100th anniversary of Russian Air Force.jpg|thumb|left|
The [[Soviet Air Force]] began receiving Su-27s in June 1985.<ref name="SU27SKhistory"/> The first frontline unit to receive the Su-27 was the [[831st Tactical Aviation Brigade (Ukraine)|831st Fighter Aviation Regiment]] at [[Myrhorod Air Base]], Ukrainian SSR, in November 1985.<ref name="RussianJetFightsForBothSides" /><ref>{{cite web |first=Vladimir |last=Trendafflovski |url=https://www.key.aero/article/ukrainian-su-27-flankers-front-line |title=Ukrainian Su-27 Flankers on the front line |website=key.aero |date=21 March 2019 |access-date=3 May 2023 |archive-date=2 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502130056/https://www.key.aero/article/ukrainian-su-27-flankers-front-line |url-status=live }}</ref> It officially entered service in August 1990.<ref name="SU27SKhistory"/>
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Differences in the payment method delayed the signing of the second, identical contract. For the first batch, 70% of the payment had been made in barter transactions with light industrial goods and food. The [[Russian Federation]] argued that future transactions should be made in [[US dollars]]. In May 1995, Chinese Central Military Commission Vice Chairman Liu Huaqing visited Russia and agreed to the demand, on the condition that the production line of the Su-27 be imported.{{clarify|date=November 2022}} The contract was signed the same year. Delivery of the final aircraft from the second batch, which consisted of 16 Su-27SKs and 8 Su-27UBKs, occurred in July 1996. In preparation for the expanding Su-27 fleet, the PLAAF sought to augment its trainer fleet.<ref name="su27_chinstory" />
On 3 December 1999, a third contract was signed, this time for 28 Su-27UBKs. All 76 of the aircraft featured strengthened [[airframe]] and [[landing gear]] – the result of the PLAAF demands air-ground capability. As a result, the aircraft is capable of employing most of the conventional [[Air-to-ground weaponry|air-to-ground ordnance]] produced by Russia. [[Maximum takeoff weight]] (MTOW) increased to {{convert|33000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Donald 1994">{{cite book |last1=Donald |first1=David |last2=Lake |first2=Jon |title=Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft |publisher=Aerospace Publications |year=1994 |isbn=1-880588-14-5 |url=https://sirviper.com/index.php?page=fighters/su-27/index}}</ref> As is common for Russian export fighters, the active jamming device was downgraded; Su-27's L005 [[Electronic countermeasure|ECM]] pod was replaced with the L203/L204 pod. Furthermore, there were slight avionics differences between the batches. The first batch had N001E radar, while the later aircraft had N001P radar, capable of engaging two targets at the same time. Additionally, ground radar and navigational systems were upgraded. The aircraft are not capable of deploying the R-77 "Adder" missile due to a downgraded fire control system,<ref name="su27_chinstory">{{cite journal |last=Wei |first=Bai |title=A Flanker by any other name |journal=Air Forces Monthly |date=May 2012 |issue=290 |pages=72–77}}</ref> except for the last batch of 28 Su-27UBKs.<ref name="auto1"/>
At the 2009 [[Farnborough Airshow]], Alexander Fomin- Deputy Director of Russia's Federal Service for Military-Technical Co-operation confirmed the existence of an all-encompassing contract and ongoing [[licence-built|licensed production]] of Su-27 variants by China. The aircraft was being produced as the Shenyang J-11.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rupprecht |first=Andreas |title=China's 'Flanker' gains momentum. Shenyang J-11 update |journal=Combat Aircraft Monthly |date=December 2011 |volume=12 |issue=12 |pages=40–42}}</ref>
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The {{interlanguage link|Запорізький державний авіаційний ремонтний завод «МіГремонт»|uk|lt=Zaporizhzhya Aircraft Repair Plant "MiGremont"}} in [[Zaporizhzhia]] began modernizing the Su-27 to [[NATO]] standards in 2012, which involved a minor overhaul of the radar, navigation and communication equipment. Aircraft with this modification are designated Su-27P1M and Su-27UB1M. The [[Ministry of Defence (Ukraine)|Ministry of Defence]] accepted the project on 5 August 2014,<ref name="Su-27 Flanker Operators List">{{cite web |title=Su-27 Flanker Operators List |url=https://www.milavia.net/aircraft/su-27/su-27_operators.htm |website=Milavia |access-date=6 August 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806035757/https://www.milavia.net/aircraft/su-27/su-27_operators.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and the first two aircraft were officially handed over to the [[831st Tactical Aviation Brigade]] in October 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Poroshenko conveys two Su-27 planes to Air Force pilots in Zaporizhia, takes off in one of them |url=https://www.unian.info/society/1152603-poroshenko-conveys-two-su-27-planes-to-air-force-pilots-in-zaporizhia-takes-off-in-one-of-them.html |website=UNIAN |date=15 October 2015 |access-date=6 August 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806035804/https://www.unian.info/society/1152603-poroshenko-conveys-two-su-27-planes-to-air-force-pilots-in-zaporizhia-takes-off-in-one-of-them.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2014 during the Annexation of Crimea, a Ukrainian Air Force Su-27 was scrambled to intercept Russian fighter jets over Ukraine's [[airspace]] over the Black Sea on 3 March.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russian fighter jets violated Ukraine's air space – ministry |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-urkaine-crisis-jets-idUKBREA220W520140303 |work=Reuters UK |date=3 March 2014 |access-date=4 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306162210/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/03/03/uk-urkaine-crisis-jets-idUKBREA220W520140303 |archive-date=6 March 2014 |url-status=
There were two fatal crashes involving Ukrainian Su-27s in 2018.<ref name="RustBucketFleet"/> On 16 October, a Ukrainian Su-27UB1M flown by Colonel Ivan Petrenko crashed during the Ukraine-[[USAF]] exercise "Clear Sky 2018" based at [[Starokostiantyniv Air Base]]. The second seat was occupied by Lieutenant Colonel Seth Nehring, a pilot of the [[144th Fighter Wing]] of the [[California Air National Guard]]. Both pilots died in the crash, that happened about 5:00 p.m. local time in the [[Khmelnytskyi Oblast|Khmelnytskyi province]] of western Ukraine.<ref name="2018-10-17_SD">{{cite web |url=http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/US_serviceman_among_two_killed_in_Ukrainian_fighter_jet_crash_999.html |title=US serviceman among two killed in Ukrainian fighter jet crash |date=October 17, 2018 |website=Space Daily |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022070903/http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/US_serviceman_among_two_killed_in_Ukrainian_fighter_jet_crash_999.html |archive-date=22 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="2018-10-17_AFT">{{cite web |url=https://www.airforcetimes.com/news/2018/10/16/us-servicemember-involved-in-ukrainian-su-27-crash-3/ |title=California guardsman killed in Ukrainian Su-27 crash |first=Valerie |last=Insinna |date=2018-10-17 |website=Air Force Times |access-date=19 October 2018 |archive-date=12 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312193616/https://www.airforcetimes.com/news/2018/10/16/us-servicemember-involved-in-ukrainian-su-27-crash-3/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 15 December, an Su-27 crashed on final approach about {{convert|2|km|mi|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} from [[Ozerne Air Base]] in [[Zhytomyr Oblast]], after performing a training flight. Major Fomenko Alexander Vasilyevich was killed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/219516 |title=Accident Sukhoi Su-27 55 blue, 15 Dec 2018 |website=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=22 February 2020 |archive-date=22 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222054256/https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/219516 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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On 21 August 2022, a Ukrainian Su-27 was reported lost in combat. The pilot died.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://zhzh.com.ua/armiya/tiazhka-vtrata-pid-chas-vikonannia-zavdannia-rozbivsia-zhitomirskij-lotchik.html |title=Тяжка втрата: під час виконання завдання розбився житомирський льотчик |date=24 August 2022 |language=uk |access-date=18 October 2022 |archive-date=4 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904154657/https://zhzh.com.ua/armiya/tiazhka-vtrata-pid-chas-vikonannia-zavdannia-rozbivsia-zhitomirskij-lotchik.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/282655 |title=ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 282655 |website=aviation-safety.net |date=21 August 2022 |access-date=18 October 2022 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922045733/https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/282655 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In September 2022, a Ukrainian Su-27 was spotted with American-made [[AGM-88 HARM]] anti-radiation missiles.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.twz.com/ukraines-su-27s-appear-to-be-wielding-anti-radiation-missiles-now-too |title=
On 13 October 2022, one Ukrainian Su-27 from the
On 10 March 2023, a Russian Su-27 was damaged in a partisan attack on [[Uglovoye (airfield)|Uglovoye airfield]] in [[Primorsky Krai]], Russia. The video of a burning airplane was posted by the [[Freedom of Russia Legion]].{{clarify |date=April 2023}}<ref>{{cite web |date=10 March 2023 |title=ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 309095 |url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/309095 |work=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=18 March 2023 |archive-date=11 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311094321/https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/309095 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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;Su-27PD ("Flanker-B"): Single-seat demonstrator with improvements such as inflight [[Aerial refueling|refuelling probe]].
;Su-30M/MK ("Flanker-H"): Next-generation multi-role two–seat fighter. A few Su-30Ms were built for Russian evaluation in the mid-1990s, though little came of the effort. The Su-30MK export variant was embodied as a series of two demonstrators of different levels of capability. Versions include Su-30MKA for [[Algeria]], [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Su-30MKI]] for India, [[Sukhoi Su-30MKK|Su-30MKK]] for the [[People's Republic of China]], and [[Sukhoi Su-30MKM|Su-30MKM]] for [[Malaysia]].<ref name=ref9>{{cite web |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/russia-has-big-plans-sukhoi-su-30sm-flanker-h-fighter-31917 |title=Russia Has Big Plans for the Sukhoi Su-30SM Flanker-H Fighter |date=September 24, 2018 |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809110601/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/russia-has-big-plans-sukhoi-su-30sm-flanker-h-fighter-31917 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=ref5>{{cite web |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/su_30mk/ |title=Su-30M Flanker-H Air-Superiority Fighter |date=June 23, 2021 |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=2 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102031005/http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/su_30mk/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
;Su-27SK ("Flanker-B"):<ref name=ref0/><ref name=ref1/> Export version of the Su-27S, with a reinforced landing gear allowing for a 33 tonnes maximum takeoff weight, and a N001M radar with additional air-to-ground modes.<ref name="indonésie red samovar" /> Exported to China in 1992-1996 and developed into the [[Shenyang J-11]].<ref name="The National Interest">{{cite web |title=Is China's J-11 Fighter Copied From Russia's Su-27 'Flanker'? |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/chinas-j-11-fighter-copied-russias-su-27-flanker-182096 |website=The National Interest |
;Su-27KI / Su-30KI: Single-seat demonstrator built in anticipation of an Indonesian order in 1997, based on a Su-27SK. It included an in-flight refuelling probe, and a N001M radar with additional functions allowing for the use of the R-77 missile. That order never came however, due to an embargo caused by the [[Indonesian occupation of East Timor]].<ref name="indonésie red samovar" /> Later converted to Su-27SKM in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sukhoi.mariwoj.pl/su-30-ru-30ki.htm |title=Sukhoi Su-30 story in colours. Sukhoi Su-30 fighter worldwide camouflage and painting schemes. Prototypes, experimental planes, variants, serial and licensed production, deliveries, units, numbers. Russia, India, China, Malaysia, Venezuela, Belarus, Ukraine, Algeria, Vietnam, Eritrea, Angola, Uganda |access-date=13 January 2023 |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001173725/http://sukhoi.mariwoj.pl/su-30-ru-30ki.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
;[[Shenyang J-11]]: Chinese derivative of the Su-27SK.
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;Su-27SM3 ("Flanker-J Mod"):<ref name=ref6>{{cite web |url=https://www.fighterpilotpodcast.com/musing/aircraft-nomenclature-part-1-russia-and-china/ |title=Aircraft Nomenclature (part 1): Russia and China |date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=24 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024183523/https://www.fighterpilotpodcast.com/musing/aircraft-nomenclature-part-1-russia-and-china/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Increased maximum takeoff weight (+3 tonnes), AL-31F-M1 engines, fully glass cockpit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ruaviation.com/news/2011/12/23/699/ |title=Sukhoi Company has performed the state contract on delivery of new multi-role Su-27SM3 fighters to the Russian air forces |date=December 23, 2011 |website=Russian Aviation |access-date=1 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141123084548/http://www.ruaviation.com/news/2011/12/23/699 |archive-date=23 November 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
;Su-27UB1M: Ukrainian modernized version of the Su-27UB.<ref name="su27 flanker family">{{cite web |last1=Aleksander |first1=Vladic |title=SU-27 FLANKER FAMILY |url=https://su27flankerfamily.wordpress.com/2019/11/08/su-27-ub-ukraina-air-force/ |website=su27flankerfamily.wordpress.com |date=8 November 2019 |publisher=su27 flanker family |access-date=11 July 2024 |ref=su27 flanker family}}</ref>
;Su-27S1M: Ukrainian modernized version of the Su-27S.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
;Su-27P1M: Ukrainian modernized version of the Su-27P.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
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* 16 August 2009: While practicing for the 2009 [[MAKS Airshow]], two Su-27s of the Russian Knights collided in mid-air above [[Zhukovsky Airfield]], south-east of Moscow, killing the Knights' leader, [[Igor Tkachenko]]. One of the jets crashed into a house and started a fire.<ref name="BBC Pilot" /> A probe into the crash was launched; according to the Russian Defense Ministry the accident may have been caused by a "flying skill error".<ref name="BBC Pilot">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8204072.stm |title=Pilot dies as Russia jets collide |work=BBC News |date=17 August 2009 |access-date=24 May 2010}}</ref>
* 30 August 2009: A [[Belarusian Air Force|Belarusian]] Su-27UBM (Number black 63) crashed while performing at the [[Radom Air Show]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=68093 |title=Accident Sukhoi Su-27UB 63 Black, 30 August 2009 |first=Harro |last=Ranter |website=Aviation Safety Network |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913044033/https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=68093 |archive-date=September 13, 2017}}</ref>
* 14 March 2023: A Russian Su-27 flew near a [[USAF]] [[MQ-9]] [[UAV]] operating in international airspace over the [[Black Sea]], dumped fuel on it (presumably to try to set it alight), and finally collided with the [[
== Aircraft on display ==
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|gross weight kg=23430
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{cvt|9400|kg|1}} internal<ref name=Sukhoi_Su-27SK_page/>
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<!-- Performance -->
|max speed kmh=2500
|max speed
|max speed note=at altitude
::::{{cvt|1400|km/h|mph kn}} / M1.13 at sea level▼
|max speed mach=2.35
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed note=
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|minimum control speed note=
|range km=3530
|range note=
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
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|wing loading kg/m2=377.9
|wing loading note=With 56% fuel
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|thrust/weight=1.07 with 56% internal fuel; 0.91 with full fuel
| |||