The 1894 United States House of Representatives elections were held from June 4, 1894, to November 6, 1894, with special elections throughout the year. Elections were held to elect representatives from all 356 congressional districts across each of the 44 U.S. states at the time, as well as non-voting delegates from the inhabited U.S. territories. The winners of this election served in the 54th Congress, with seats apportioned among the states based on the 1890 United States census.
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All 356 seats in the United States House of Representatives[c] 179 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Results: Democratic gain Republican gain Democratic hold Republican hold Populist gain Populist hold Silver hold | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The elections comprised a significant political realignment, with a major Republican landslide that set the stage for the decisive election of 1896. The 1894 elections came in the middle of Democratic President Grover Cleveland's second term. The nation was in its deepest economic depression yet following the Panic of 1893, which pushed economic issues to the forefront. In the spring, a major coal strike damaged the economy of the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic. It was accompanied by violence; the miners lost and many joined the Populist Party. Immediately after the coal strike concluded, Eugene V. Debs led a nationwide railroad strike. It shut down the nation's transportation system west of Detroit for weeks, until President Cleveland's use of federal troops ended the strike. Debs went to prison for disobeying a court order. Illinois Governor John Peter Altgeld, a Democrat, broke bitterly with Cleveland.
The fragmented and disoriented Democratic Party was crushed everywhere outside of the South, losing more than 55% of its seats to the Republican Party. The Democrats did so poorly that even in the South, they lost seats to the Republican-Populist electoral fusion in Alabama, North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Texas.[2][3] The Democrats ultimately lost 127 seats in this election, with the Republicans gaining 130 seats after the resolution of several contested elections.
The Democratic Party failed to win one seat in twenty-four states and only won one seat in six states. Prominent Democrats in the house including Richard P. Bland, William S. Holman, William M. Springer, and William L. Wilson were defeated in the election.[4] To date, the 1894 election represents the largest seat swing in a single election in the history of the House of Representatives; the only other occasion where a political party has suffered triple-digit losses was in 1932.
The main issues revolved around the severe economic depression, which the Republicans blamed on the conservative Bourbon Democrats led by Cleveland. Cleveland supporters lost heavily, weakening their hold on the party and setting the stage for an 1896 takeover by the free silver wing of the party. The Populist Party ran candidates in the South and Midwest, but generally lost ground outside of the South. The Democrats tried to raise a religious issue, claiming the GOP was in cahoots with the anti-Catholic American Protective Association; the allegations seem to have fallen flat as Catholics swung towards the GOP.[5]
Election summaries
edit93 | 10 | 254 |
Democratic | [h] | Republican |
State | Type | Total seats |
Democratic | Populist | Republican | Silver | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||
Alabama | District | 9 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
Arkansas | District | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
California | District | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 0 | |
Colorado | District | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Connecticut | District | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 0 | ||
Delaware | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Florida | District | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Georgia | District | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Idaho | At-large | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
Illinois | District | 22 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 22 | 11 | 0 | ||
Indiana | District | 13 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 13 | 11 | 0 | ||
Iowa | District | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 1 | 0 | ||
Kansas | District +at-large |
8 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 0 | ||
Kentucky | District | 11 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 0 | ||
Louisiana | District | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Maine[i] | District | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | ||||
Maryland | District | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | ||
Massachusetts | District | 13 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 12 | 3 | 0 | ||
Michigan | District | 12 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 12 | 5 | 0 | ||
Minnesota | District | 7 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 0 | |
Mississippi | District | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Missouri | District | 15 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 11 | 9 | 0 | ||
Montana | At-large | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
Nebraska | District | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 0 | |
Nevada | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
New Hampshire | District | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||
New Jersey | District | 8 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 0 | ||
New York | District | 34 | 4 | 16 | 0 | 30 | 16 | 0 | ||
North Carolina | District | 9 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 | |
North Dakota | At-large | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
Ohio | District | 21 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 19 | 9 | 0 | ||
Oregon[i] | District | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||
Pennsylvania | District +2 at-large |
30 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 28 | 8 | 0 | ||
Rhode Island | District | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
South Carolina | District | 7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
South Dakota | At-large | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||
Tennessee | District | 10 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | ||
Texas | District | 13 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Vermont[i] | District | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||
Virginia | District | 10 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Washington | At-large | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||
West Virginia | District | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | ||
Wisconsin | District | 10 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 10 | 6 | 0 | ||
Wyoming | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Total[c] | 356 | 93[e] 26.1% |
107 | 9[e] 2.5% |
4 | 253[e] 71.1% |
110 | 1[e] 0.3% |
1 |
Special elections
edit15 special elections took place in 1894 leading up to and following the general election. They are listed below in order of election date then by state and district. Republicans flipped 3 seats in the special elections in New York's 14th, Kentucky's 9th, and Maryland's 5th congressional districts.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Virginia 7 | Charles T. O'Ferrall | Democratic | 1884 (special) | Incumbent resigned December 28, 1893 after being elected Governor of Virginia. New member elected January 30, 1894. Democratic hold. Winner later re-elected in November; see below. |
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New York 14 | John R. Fellows | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent resigned December 31, 1893 to become District Attorney of New York City. New member elected January 30, 1894. Republican gain. Winner later re-elected in November; see below. |
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Pennsylvania at-large | William Lilly | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent died December 1, 1893. New member elected February 26, 1894. Republican hold. |
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South Carolina 1 | William H. Brawley | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent resigned February 12, 1894, to become judge for the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina. New member elected April 12, 1894. Democratic hold. |
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Maryland 1 | Robert F. Brattan | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent died May 10, 1894. New member elected November 6, 1894. Democratic hold. |
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Ohio 3 | George W. Houk | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent died February 9, 1894. New member elected May 21, 1894. Democratic hold. |
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Wisconsin 7 | George B. Shaw | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent died August 27, 1894. New member elected November 6, 1894. Republican hold.[8] |
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Alabama 3 | William C. Oates | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent resigned November 5, 1894, after being elected Governor of Alabama. New member elected November 6, 1894. Democratic hold. |
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Kentucky 9 | Thomas H. Paynter | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent resigned January 5, 1895, having been elected to the Kentucky Court of Appeals. New member elected November 6, 1894 and seated March 4, 1895. Republican gain. |
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Maryland 5 | Barnes Compton | Democratic | 1884 1890 (lost contest) 1890 |
Incumbent resigned May 15, 1894, to become a naval officer. New member elected November 6, 1894. Republican gain. |
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Arkansas 2 | Clifton R. Breckinridge | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent resigned August 14, 1894, to become U.S. Minister to Russia. New member elected December 3, 1894. Democratic hold. |
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Kentucky 10 | Marcus C. Lisle | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent died July 7, 1894. New member elected December 3, 1894. Democratic hold. |
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Louisiana 4 | Newton C. Blanchard | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent resigned March 12, 1894, to become a U.S. Senator. New member elected December 3, 1894. Democratic hold. |
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Ohio 2 | John A. Caldwell | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent resigned April 4, 1894, to become Mayor of Cincinnati. New member elected December 3, 1894. Republican hold. |
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New York 15 | Ashbel P. Fitch | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent resigned December 26, 1893, to become New York City Comptroller. New member elected December 30, 1894. Democratic hold. |
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Early election dates
editIn 1894, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:
Alabama
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020) |
Arkansas
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020) |
California
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California 1 | Thomas J. Geary | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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California 2 | Anthony Caminetti | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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California 3 | Warren B. English | Democratic | 1892 (contested) | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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California 4 | James G. Maguire | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 5 | Eugene F. Loud | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 6 | Marion Cannon | Populist | 1892 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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California 7 | William W. Bowers | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Colorado
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020) |
Connecticut
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[9] | |
Connecticut 1 | Lewis Sperry | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Connecticut 2 | James P. Pigott | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Connecticut 3 | Charles A. Russell | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Connecticut 4 | Robert E. De Forest | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Delaware
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Delaware at-large | John W. Causey | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
Florida
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida 1 | Stephen R. Mallory | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Florida 2 | Charles Merian Cooper | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Georgia
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020) |
Idaho
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Idaho at-large | Willis Sweet | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Illinois
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Indiana
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Iowa
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Kansas
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Kentucky
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Louisiana
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020) |
Maine
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maine 1 | Thomas B. Reed | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maine 2 | Nelson Dingley Jr. | Republican | 1881 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maine 3 | Seth L. Milliken | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maine 4 | Charles A. Boutelle | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020) |
Massachusetts
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | Ashley B. Wright | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 2 | Frederick H. Gillett | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 3 | Joseph H. Walker | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 4 | Lewis D. Apsley | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 5 | Moses T. Stevens | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 6 | William Cogswell | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 7 | William Everett | Democratic | 1893 (special) | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 8 | Samuel W. McCall | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 9 | Joseph H. O'Neil | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
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Massachusetts 10 | Michael J. McEttrick | Citizens Democratic |
1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 11 | William F. Draper | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 12 | Elijah A. Morse | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 13 | Charles S. Randall | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
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Michigan
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020) |
Minnesota
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[12] | |
Minnesota 1 | James A. Tawney | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Minnesota 2 | James McCleary | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Minnesota 3 | Osee M. Hall | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Minnesota 4 | Andrew Kiefer | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Minnesota 5 | Loren Fletcher | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Minnesota 6 | Melvin Baldwin | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Minnesota 7 | Haldor Boen | Populist | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Mississippi
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | John M. Allen | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 2 | John C. Kyle | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 3 | Thomas C. Catchings | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 4 | Hernando Money | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 5 | John S. Williams | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 6 | T. R. Stockdale | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
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Mississippi 7 | Charles E. Hooker | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Missouri
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020) |
Montana
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[20] | |
Montana at-large | Charles S. Hartman | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Nebraska
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nebraska 1 | William Jennings Bryan | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. Republican gain. |
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Nebraska 2 | David H. Mercer | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Nebraska 3 | George de Rue Meiklejohn | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Nebraska 4 | Eugene J. Hainer | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Nebraska 5 | William A. McKeighan | Populist | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Nebraska 6 | Omer M. Kem | Populist | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Nevada
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nevada at-large | Francis G. Newlands | Silver | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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New Hampshire
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020) |
New Jersey
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020) |
New Mexico
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020) |
New York
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020) |
North Carolina
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020) |
North Dakota
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Dakota at-large | Martin N. Johnson | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[29] | |
Ohio 1 | Bellamy Storer | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Ohio 2 | Jacob H. Bromwell | Republican | 1894 (s) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 3 | Paul J. Sorg | Democratic | 1894 (s) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 4 | Fernando C. Layton | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 5 | Dennis D. Donovan | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 6 | George W. Hulick | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 7 | George W. Wilson | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 8 | Luther M. Strong | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 9 | Byron F. Ritchie | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 10 | Hezekiah S. Bundy | Republican | 1893 (s) | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Ohio 11 | Charles H. Grosvenor | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 12 | Joseph H. Outhwaite | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 13 | Darius D. Hare | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 14 | Michael D. Harter | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 15 | H. Clay Van Voorhis | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 16 | Albert J. Pearson | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 17 | James A. D. Richards | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 18 | George P. Ikirt | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 19 | Stephen A. Northway | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 20 | William J. White | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Ohio 21 | Tom L. Johnson | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Oregon
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Oregon 1 | Binger Hermann | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Oregon 2 | William R. Ellis | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Pennsylvania
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020) |
Rhode Island
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020) |
South Carolina
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | James F. Izlar | Democratic | 1894 (special) | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. |
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George W. Murray Redistricted from the 7th district |
Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. Murray successfully challenged Elliott's election and was awarded the seat on June 4, 1896.[33] | ||
South Carolina 2 | W. Jasper Talbert | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 3 | Asbury Latimer | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 4 | George W. Shell | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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South Carolina 5 | Thomas J. Strait | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 6 | John L. McLaurin | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 7 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. The election was voided on June 1, 1896, due to electoral fraud. |
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South Dakota
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[34] | |
South Dakota at-large 2 seats |
John Pickler | Republican | 1889 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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William V. Lucas | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
Tennessee
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Alfred A. Taylor | Republican | 1888 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Tennessee 2 | John C. Houk | Republican | 1891 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent Republican. Republican hold. |
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Tennessee 3 | Henry C. Snodgrass | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Tennessee 4 | Benton McMillin | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 5 | James D. Richardson | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 6 | Joseph E. Washington | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 7 | Nicholas N. Cox | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 8 | Benjamin A. Enloe | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Tennessee 9 | James C. McDearmon | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 10 | Josiah Patterson | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Texas
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Texas 1 | Joseph C. Hutcheson | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Texas 2 | Samuel B. Cooper | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Texas 3 | Constantine B. Kilgore | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Texas 4 | Benton McMillin | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Texas 5 | Joseph W. Bailey | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Texas 6 | Jo Abbott | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
Texas 7 | George C. Pendleton | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Texas 8 | Charles K. Bell | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Texas 9 | Joseph D. Sayers | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Texas 10 | Walter Gresham | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Texas 11 | William H. Crain | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Texas 12 | Thomas M. Paschal | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Texas 13 | Jeremiah V. Cockrell | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Vermont
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[58] | |
Vermont 1 | H. Henry Powers | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Vermont 2 | William W. Grout | Republican | 1880 1882 (lost) 1884 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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Virginia
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[59] | |
Virginia 1 | William A. Jones | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Virginia 2 | David G. Tyler | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Virginia 3 | George D. Wise | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
Others
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Virginia 4 | James F. Epes | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
Others
|
Election successfully challenged. Republican gain. |
▌ Robert Taylor Thorp (Republican) | ||||
Virginia 5 | Claude A. Swanson | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Virginia 6 | Paul C. Edmunds | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Virginia 7 | Smith S. Turner | Democratic | 1894 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
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Virginia 8 | Elisha E. Meredith | Democratic | 1891 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Virginia 9 | James W. Marshall | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican gain. |
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Virginia 10 | Henry St. George Tucker | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
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Washington
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2020) |
West Virginia
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
West Virginia 1 | John O. Pendleton | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican gain. |
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West Virginia 2 | William Lyne Wilson | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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West Virginia 3 | John D. Alderson | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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West Virginia 4 | James Capehart | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Wisconsin
editWisconsin elected ten members of congress on Election Day, November 6, 1894.[8][64]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wisconsin 1 | Henry Allen Cooper | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 2 | Charles Barwig | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Wisconsin 3 | Joseph W. Babcock | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 4 | Peter J. Somers | Democratic | 1893 | Incumbent declined re-nomination. Republican gain. |
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Wisconsin 5 | George H. Brickner | Democratic | 1888 | Incumbent declined re-nomination. Republican gain. |
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Wisconsin 6 | Owen A. Wells | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Wisconsin 7 | George B. Shaw | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent died August 27, 1894. Republican hold. |
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Wisconsin 8 | Lyman E. Barnes | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Wisconsin 9 | Thomas Lynch | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Wisconsin 10 | Nils P. Haugen | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent declined re-nomination. Republican hold. |
|
Wyoming
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wyoming at-large | Henry A. Coffeen | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Non-voting delegates
editOklahoma Territory
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Oklahoma Territory at-large | Dennis T. Flynn | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Three states held early elections between June 4 and September 10.
- ^ Not including special elections
- ^ a b Includes late elections.
- ^ Includes two vacancies.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Martis's figure includes Utah, which held its election in 1895 and is therefore not covered in this article.[1]
- ^ a b c Dubin (p. 312) counts 244 Republicans, 105 Democrats, 7 Populists, and 1 Silver at the opening of the 54th Congress, before the results of several contested elections were overturned in favor of Republican (and a few Populist) candidates. Dubin counts 253 Republicans, 93 Democrats, 9 Populists, and 1 Silver at the start of the 2nd session of the 54th Congress, which closely matches Martis' figure (pp. 148–49). Dubin's figure includes Utah, which held its election in 1895 and is therefore not covered in this article.
- ^ Includes five vacancies.
- ^ Populists won 9 seats and Silver won 1.
- ^ a b c Elections held early.
- ^ Full name unavailable.
References
edit- ^ Martis, pp. 148–49.
- ^ "Senate and House Secured; Republican Control in the Next Congress Assured". The New York Times. November 9, 1894. p. 5.
- ^ "African-Americans and Populism". Archived from the original on June 22, 2006. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ^ Murphy, Paul (1974). Political Parties In American History, Volume 3, 1890-present. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
- ^ Jensen (1971), Chap. 9.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - VA - District 07 Special Election Race - Jan 30, 1894". Our Campaigns.
- ^ "NY - District 14 - History". Our Campaigns.
- ^ a b "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2022 – via Wayback Machine.
- ^ Data incomplete.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - DE District At Large Race - Nov 06, 1894". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 30, 2023.
- ^ "ID At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
- ^ University of Minnesota Libraries. "Minnesota Historical Election Archive". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
- ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
- ^ "MT At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 6, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 6, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 6, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 04 Race - Nov 6, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 05 Race - Nov 6, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 06 Race - Nov 6, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NV At-Large Race - Nov 6, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
- ^ "ND At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
- ^ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 656–57.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - OR - District 01 Race - Jun 04, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - OR - District 02 Race - Jun 04, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - SC - District 01 Race - Nov 06, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - SC - District 01 Race - Nov 06, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "SD At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
- ^ "TX - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
- ^ "TX - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
- ^ "TX - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
- ^ "TX - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
- ^ "TX - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
- ^ "TX - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
- ^ "TX - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
- ^ "TX - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
- ^ "TX - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
- ^ "TX - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
- ^ "TX - District 11". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
- ^ "TX- District 12". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
- ^ "TX - District 13". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
- ^ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
- ^ "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
- ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
- ^ Casson, Henry, ed. (1895). "Biographical Sketches" (PDF). The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin (Report). Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. pp. 658–660. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
- ^ "WY At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - OK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 06, 1894". www.ourcampaigns.com.
Bibliography
edit- Republican Congressional Committee, Republican Campaign Text Book: 1894 (1894).
- Jensen, Richard. The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888–1896 (1971).
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788–1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
edit- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)