2022 Bulgarian parliamentary election

Early parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 2 October 2022 to elect members of the 48th National Assembly. The snap election was called after the fall of the Petkov Government, a four-party coalition, in June 2022. This was the fourth parliamentary election since 2021, an unprecedented situation in Bulgarian history, the previous elections being the April, July, and November 2021 elections.

2022 Bulgarian parliamentary election
Bulgaria
← November 2021 2 October 2022 2023 →

All 240 seats in the National Assembly
121 seats needed for a majority
Turnout37.98% (Decrease 0.45pp)
Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–
GERBSDS Boyko Borisov 24.48 67 +8
PP K. Petkov & A. Vasilev 19.52 53 −14
DPS Mustafa Karadayi 13.29 36 +2
Revival Kostadin Kostadinov 9.83 27 +14
BSPzB Korneliya Ninova 8.98 25 −1
DB Hristo Ivanov 7.19 20 +4
BV Stefan Yanev 4.47 12 New
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Distribution of seats by electoral district and largest party by district
Prime Minister before Prime Minister after
Galab Donev (caretaker)
Independent
Galab Donev (caretaker)
Independent

As in the previous snap elections, no party secured a majority. The GERB–SDS alliance emerged as the largest bloc with 67 seats and was assigned the task of forming a government by President Rumen Radev, but their efforts failed. Radev then granted the We Continue the Change party and later the BSP for Bulgaria coalition a mandate to form a government, but both were unsuccessful. As a result, Radev scheduled another parliamentary election, the fifth in two years, to take place on 2 April 2023.

Turnout was at 39%, the lowest since 1990.[1]

Background

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The 2021 Bulgarian general election in November saw We Continue the Change (PP) achieve a surprise victory,[2] receiving 25% of the vote. Led by Kiril Petkov and Asen Vasilev, the PP formed a coalition government with BSP for Bulgaria (BSPzB), There Is Such a People (ITN) and Democratic Bulgaria (DB). This broke the deadlock that had arisen as a result of the previous two parliamentary elections, after which no party was able to form a government.[3]

On 8 June 2022, ITN withdrew from the government, citing disagreements over the state budget, fiscal policy and the lifting of Bulgaria's veto on opening EU accession talks with North Macedonia. On 22 June, the government was defeated in a no confidence vote tabled by GERB and supported by DPS, ITN and Revival.

Electoral system

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The 240 members of the National Assembly are elected by open list proportional representation from 31 multi-member constituencies ranging in size from 4 to 16 seats. The electoral threshold is 4% for parties, with seats allocated according to the largest remainder method.[4][5]

Political groups

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The table below lists the political party groups represented in the 47th National Assembly.

Name Ideology Position Leader(s) 2021 result Seats at dissolution Petkov
Government
Votes (%) Seats 13 December 2021 8 June 2022
PP We Continue the Change
Продължаваме промяната
Social liberalism
Anti-corruption
Centre Kiril Petkov
Asen Vasilev
25.3%
67 / 240
67 / 240
Government
GERB–SDS GERB-Union of Democratic Forces
ГЕРБ-Съюз на демократичните сили
Conservatism Centre-right Boyko Borisov 22.4%
59 / 240
59 / 240
Opposition
DPS Movement for Rights and Freedoms
Движение за права и свободи
Turkish minority interests Centre Mustafa Karadayi 12.8%
34 / 240
34 / 240
Opposition
BSPzB BSP for Bulgaria
БСП за България
Social democracy Left-wing Korneliya Ninova 10.1%
26 / 240
26 / 240
Government
ITN There Is Such a People
Има такъв народ
Populism Big tent Slavi Trifonov 9.4%
25 / 240
19 / 240
Government Opposition
DB Democratic Bulgaria
Демократична България
Liberalism Centre to centre-right Hristo Ivanov
Atanas Atanasov
6.3%
16 / 240
16 / 240
Government
Revival Revival
Възраждане
Ultranationalism Far-right Kostadin Kostadinov 4.8%
13 / 240
12 / 240
Opposition
Independent Independent
Independent
0 / 240
7 / 240
Split support

Competing parties

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Name Main ideology Leader(s) November 2021 result
Votes
(%)
Seats
DPS Movement for Rights and Freedoms 1 Turkish minority interests
Social liberalism
Mustafa Karadayi 12.83%
34 / 240
BSDD Bulgarian Union for Direct Democracy [bg] 2 Direct democracy Georgi Nedelchev
Svetla Milusheva
0.22%
0 / 240
BNO Bulgarian National Unification 3 Bulgarian nationalism Georgi Georgiev-Goti 0.09%
0 / 240
NDE Unity National Movement [bg] 4 Pro-Europeanism Nikola Ivanov New
VMRO–BND VMRO – Bulgarian National Movement 5 Bulgarian nationalism
National conservatism
Iskren Veselinov
Angel Dzhambazki
Alexander Sidi
Yulian Angelov
1.07%
0 / 240
A Just
Bulgaria
 [bg]
OSD United Social Democracy [bg] 6 Social democracy Yordan Gergov DNP
PDS Political Movement "Social Democrats" Social democracy Elena Noneva [bg] PP
0 / 240
KOY Competence, Responsibility and Truth [bg] Right-wing[6] Svetozar Saev [bg] DNP
PD Direct Democracy [bg] 7 Direct democracy Petar Klisarov [bg] 0.05%
0 / 240
NFSB National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria 8 Bulgarian nationalism
National conservatism
Valeri Simeonov 0.32%
(PF)
0 / 240
We
Continue
the
Change
PP We Continue the Change 9 Social liberalism
Anti-corruption
Kiril Petkov
Asen Vasilev
25.32%
67 / 240
Volt Volt Bulgaria European federalism Nastimir Ananiev
SEC Middle European Class Economic liberalism Georgi Manev
MIR Morality, Initiative and Patriotism 10 Conservatism Simeon Slavchev 0.15%
0 / 240
KOD Conservative Union of the Right 11 National conservatism
Right-wing populism
Petar Moskov 0.42%
(NOD)
0 / 240
BTR Bulgaria of Labor and Reason [bg] 12 Anti-Atlanticism
Euroscepticism
Georgi Manolov DNP
KTB Coalition for You Bulgaria [bg] 13 Centre-right Krasimir Manov DNP
Revival Revival 14 Bulgarian nationalism
Right-wing populism
Kostadin Kostadinov 4.80%
13 / 240
Bulgarian
Rise
BV Bulgarian Rise 15 National conservatism
Souverainism
Stefan Yanev New
Svoboda Freedom [bg] Bulgarian nationalism Vladimir Simeonov DNP
Zelenite Party of the Greens [bg] Green politics
Anti-capitalism
Vladimir Nikolov DNP
ZNS Agrarian People's Union Agrarianism
Conservatism
Rumen Yonchev IBG-NI
0 / 240
ABV Alternative for Bulgarian Revival Social democracy
Social conservatism
Vladimir Nikolov BSPzB
1 / 240
SSD Union of Free Democrats Conservatism Radoslav Katsarov DNP
BNS–ND Bulgarian National Union – New Democracy 16 Ultranationalism
Anti-immigration
Boyan Rasate 0.04%
0 / 240
IS.BG Stand Up, Bulgaria 17 Anti-corruption
Direct democracy
Maya Manolova 2.26%
(IBG-NI)
0 / 240
DNK Movement of Independent Candidates [bg] 18 Left-wing populism
Direct democracy
Boyko Mladenov
Boyko Nikifirov
Mincho Hristov
Ognyan Boyukliev
BSPzB
0 / 240
ITN There Is Such a People 19 Populism
Social conservatism
Slavi Trifonov 9.39%
25 / 240
GN People's Voice 20 Euroscepticism
Populism
Svetoslav Vitkov 0.43%
0 / 240
ENP United People's Party 21 Liberalism
Economic liberalism
Valentina Vasileva IBG-NI
0 / 240
Pravoto Pravoto [bg] 22 Populism Maria Koleva 0.25%
0 / 240
ISI Truth and Only the Truth [ bg] 23 Anti-vaccination
Bulgarian nationalism
Ventsislav Angelov DNP
GERB–
SDS
GERB GERB 24 Conservatism
Populism
Boyko Borisov 22.44%
59 / 240
SDS Union of Democratic Forces National conservatism
Christian democracy
Rumen Hristov
Democratic
Bulgaria
DB Yes, Bulgaria! 25 Liberalism Hristo Ivanov 6.28%
16 / 240
DSB Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria Conservatism
Conservative liberalism
Atanas Atanasov
ZD Green Movement Green politics
Green liberalism
Borislav Sandov
Vladislav Panev
BSDE Bulgarian Euro-Left 26 Social democracy Aleksandar Tomov 0.52%
0 / 240
Ataka Attack 27 Bulgarian nationalism
Right-wing populism
Volen Siderov 0.46%
0 / 240
BSP for
Bulgaria
BSP Bulgarian Socialist Party 28 Social democracy
Left-wing nationalism
Korneliya Ninova 10.07%
26 / 240
EG Ecoglasnost Green politics
Environmentalism
Emil Georgiev
Trakiya Trakiya Political Club [bg] Bulgarian nationalism
Thracian Bulgarian interests
Stefan Nachev
RVO Russophiles for the Revival of the Fatherland 29 Russophilia
National conservatism
Nikolay Malinov 0.26%
0 / 240

Opinion polls

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Graphical representation of recalculated data
Local regression of polls conducted

The opinion poll results below were recalculated from the original data and exclude polls that chose "I will not vote" or "I am uncertain" options.

Polling firm Fieldwork date Sample PP DB GERB
SDS
DPS BSP ITN Revival IS.BG VMRO BV Others None of the above Lead
2022 election 2 October 2022 19.5 7.2 24.5 13.3 9.0 3.7 9.8 1.0 0.8 4.5 3.4 3.4 5.0
Gallup Exit poll 18.8 7.4 24.7 14.5 10.8 4.6 10.2 1.2 0.9 4.0 2.9 5.9
Alpha Research 27–29 Sep 2022 1,025 16.5 8.4 25.2 13.1 10.2 4.0 11.0 1.9 1.8 4.4 3.5 8.7
Trend 21–27 Sep 2022 1,001 16.4 7.6 25.7 11.9 8.7 4.2 13.9 2.0 1.2 4.4 4.0 9.3
Gallup 20–27 Sep 2022 1,009 16.6 7.8 25.8 13.2 9.2 4.2 12.8 1.9 1.2 4.0 3.3 9.2
Sova Harris 22–26 Sep 2022 1,000 19.0 5.7 27.5 12.5 12.1 4.6 9.5 2.9 1.1 4.2 0.9 8.5
Exacta 20–25 Sep 2022 1,050 16.8 8.0 26.4 12.6 10.8 4.5 10.5 4.2 5.6 0.6 9.6
Market Links 17–23 Sep 2022 1,024 16.9 7.8 23.7 12.3 9.9 3.9 8.7 2.5 2.5 11.8 6.8
Mediana 16–22 Sep 2022 1,008 16.3 5.9 26.3 11.5 13.1 4.7 12.0 3.0 5.2 2.0 10.0
SINPI 16–21 Sep 2022 1,104 16.6 7.8 24.5 13.8 9.7 4.6 12.1 1.8 0.9 4.1 5.5 1.3 7.9
Center for Analysis and Marketing 15–19 Sep 2022 1,011 18.2 8.1 24.8 12.8 11.2 3.8 10.5 3.3 6.6
Estat 10–17 Sep 2022 1,005 16.8 6.9 26.1 10.3 9.3 4.2 10.1 1.9 1 4.8 5.2 3.4 9.3
Exacta 10–17 Sep 2022 1,050 18.1 7.5 26.2 10.3 12.5 5.4 9.5 4 5.5 1 8.1
Sova Harris 6–12 Sep 2022 835 18.8 5.7 28.8 8.7 12.7 5.1 10.4 2.9 1.2 4.8 0.9 10.0
Gallup 2–10 Sep 2022 1,002 19.2 7.6 25.9 11.5 9.8 4.3 11.3 1.7 1.5 4.2 3 6.7
Mediana 29 Aug – 4 Sep 2022 1,008 17.1 5.5 22.8 11.1 13.3 6.9 12.5 3.4 5.5 1.9 5.7
Market Links 27 Aug – 3 Sep 2022 1,067 17.8 8.1 22.9 10.9 10.9 3.8 7.6 4.7 13.5 5.1
Alpha Research 27 Aug – 2 Sep 2022 1,117 18.9 8.1 25.3 11.8 10.6 4.2 10.3 2.2 4.5 4.1 6.4
Trend 15–22 Aug 2022 1,007 19.6 7.3 24.4 10.6 8.6 3.9 10.3 1.9 1.2 4.5 4.6 3.1 4.8
Market Links 30 Jul – 5 Aug 2022 1,020 26.2 22.6 12.4 11.6 3.2 8.9 3.3 11.8 3.6
20.9 9.1 24.5 12.6 11.9 3.1 9.2 4.3 4.8 3.6
Trend 5–12 Jul 2022 1,005 21.4 6.9 23.6 10.7 9.8 3.8 9.6 1.6 1.1 5.7 2.8 3.0 2.2
Market Links 2–10 Jul 2022 1,024 21.5 8.3 22.2 9.1 11.6 3.2 7.6 4.3 12.2 0.7
Alpha Research 25 Jun – 1 Jul 2022 1,017 22.5 7.9 23.9 9.8 12.8 3.7 8.8 6.0 4.7 1.4
June–July 2022 ITN pulls out of the Petkov cabinet and the government is defeated in a vote of no confidence
Trend 4–11 May 2022 1,002 17.5 6.8 23.8 10.9 9.5 5.8 10.1 2.0 1.5 7.6 2.2 2.3 6.3
Centre for Analysis and Marketing 4–9 May 2022 821 21.4 6.0 23.3 11.6 11.8 5.1 8.7 1.2 1.0 7.8 2.1 1.9
Market Links 29 Apr – 8 May 2022 1,015 19.1 8.3 25.9 10.5 12.5 6.5 9.7 7.2 6.8
Gallup 29 Apr – 6 May 2022 805 18.2 5.5 24.9 11.1 9.7 5.4 10.5 1.1 1.5 5.6 6.5 6.7
Alpha Research 8–14 Apr 2022 1,037 21.1 7.7 24.8 8.7 11.7 5.1 10.8 10.2 3.7
Trend 6–13 Apr 2022 1,004 20.1 7.1 23.6 11.1 10.5 6.9 9.3 1.9 1.3 5.5 2.7 3.5
Gallup 31 Mar – 8 Apr 2022 809 23.8 4.5 25.9 10.6 10.3 7.0 7.9 1.2 2.1 5.6 1.1 2.1
Market Links 22–29 Mar 2022 1,029 19.7 7.6 22.1 8.2 11.6 6.7 8.2 15.9 2.4
Trend 5–12 Mar 2022 1,007 22.9 7.4 21.9 11.4 10.4 7.5 7.3 2.1 1.3 5.0 2.8 1.0
Alpha Research 6–14 Feb 2022 1,060 29.9 7.8 22.2 8.8 12.0 8.1 6.4 4.9 7.7
Gallup 3–11 Feb 2022 803 30.2 5.2 21.9 12.2 8.5 9.4 3.9 1.5 1.7 5.4 8.3
Trend 12–19 Jan 2022 1,004 26.4 6.8 22.3 10.9 11.5 8.1 5.9 1.9 1.1 2.7 2.4 4.1
November 2021 election 14 November 2021 25.7 6.4 22.7 13.0 10.2 9.5 4.9 2.3 1.1 4.2 1.3 2.8

Results

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PartyVotes%Seats+/–
GERBSDS634,62724.4867+8
We Continue the Change506,09919.5253–14
Movement for Rights and Freedoms344,51213.2936+2
Revival254,9529.8327+14
BSP for Bulgaria232,9588.9825–1
Democratic Bulgaria186,5287.1920+4
Bulgarian Rise115,8724.4712+12
There Is Such a People96,0713.710–25
Stand Up.BG25,2070.9700
VMRO – Bulgarian National Movement20,1770.7800
Movement of Independent Candidates10,3240.400New
A Just Bulgaria (OSD– PDS–KOY)9,1240.350New
Attack7,5930.2900
Russophiles for the Revival of the Fatherland6,5330.2500
People's Voice6,1970.2400
Bulgarian Union for Direct Democracy5,8740.2300
Bulgarian Euro-Left5,3430.2100
Coalition for You Bulgaria5,0970.200New
Conservative Union of the Right5,0280.1900
Morality, Initiative and Patriotism4,5360.1700
Direct Democracy4,0610.1600
Unity National Movement4,0390.160New
National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria3,5200.1400
Bulgaria of Labor and Reason2,6360.100New
People's Party "Truth and Only the Truth"2,5220.100New
Bulgarian National Union – New Democracy1,8490.0700
Pravoto1,7570.0700
Bulgarian National Unification1,6710.0600
Independents5640.0200
None of the above87,6353.38
Total2,592,906100.002400
Valid votes2,592,90699.65
Invalid/blank votes9,0420.35
Total votes2,601,948100.00
Registered voters/turnout6,850,96937.98
Source: Electoral Commission of Bulgaria

Voter demographics

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Alpha Research exit polling suggested the following demographic breakdown. The parties that got below 4% of the vote are included in "Others".

Voter demographics[7]
Social group % GERB % PP % DPS % Revival % BSP % DB % BV % ITN % Others % Lead
Exit poll result 25 20 14 10 10 8 4 4 5 5
Final result 25.3 20.2 13.8 10.1 9.3 7.5 4.6 3.8 5.4 5.1
Gender
Men 24 18 16 12 9 7 4 4 6 6
Women 28 23 10 7 11 9 3 3 6 5
Age
18–30 18 28 15 10 5 10 2 6 6 10
30-60 28 19 13 11 7 9 4 4 5 9
60+ 27 16 10 7 26 5 4 2 3 1
Highest Level of Education
Lower education 16 7 50 6 9 1 2 2 7 34
Secondary education 30 17 14 10 13 5 4 3 4 13
Higher education 24 27 3 10 9 13 3 3 6 3
Ethnic Group
Bulgarian 27 25 1 11 12 10 5 4 5 2
Turkish 10 5 77 2 0 1 1 0 5 67
Roma 20 8 41 9 6 4 1 5 7 21
Location
Towns and villages 23 12 38 5 13 1 3 2 3 15
Smaller cities 28 21 8 12 14 6 3 4 4 7
Larger cities 28 26 4 11 10 8 5 4 4 2
Sofia 24 28 1 9 8 17 4 3 6 4

By constituency

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Constituency GERBSDS PP DPS Revival BSPzB DB BV ITN Others
Blagoevgrad 30.7% 15.7% 18.7% 6.4% 10.7% 3.8% 4.7% 3.2% 6.1%
Burgas 26.5% 18.9% 15.4% 10.0% 8.9% 5.6% 6.0% 3.6% 5.1%
Varna 30.2% 21.5% 5.4% 13.2% 7.5% 7.0% 4.8% 4.1% 6.3%
Veliko Tarnovo 25.1% 18.8% 9.9% 12.0% 13.6% 5.1% 4.3% 4.4% 6.8%
Vidin 28.5% 17.3% 13.6% 8.0% 11.9% 8.1% 3.5% 3.3% 5.8%
Vratsa 32.6% 16.8% 10.7% 9.6% 11.3% 3.5% 4.9% 4.3% 6.3%
Gabrovo 33.3% 20.4% 5.0% 12.6% 10.5% 4.9% 3.7% 4.1% 5.5%
Dobrich 22.2% 19.0% 13.2% 12.3% 14.0% 4.8% 5.0% 3.6% 5.9%
Kardzhali 9.6% 7.4% 71.2% 2.3% 3.5% 1.7% 1.0% 1.3% 2.0%
Kyustendil 34.9% 19.2% 3.2% 9.6% 12.2% 3.6% 6.6% 4.1% 6.5%
Lovech 32.8% 18.6% 9.8% 8.9% 12.5% 4.5% 3.4% 4.1% 5.4%
Montana 25.8% 15.9% 23.9% 8.8% 10.1% 2.9% 3.4% 3.6% 5.6%
Pazardzhik 27.3% 15.9% 19.0% 9.0% 11.1% 3.4% 4.9% 3.3% 6.1%
Pernik 35.8% 19.3% 2.9% 10.8% 9.9% 4.7% 5.7% 4.3% 6.6%
Pleven 23.4% 19.5% 8.3% 10.3% 15.3% 4.6% 5.3% 7.0% 6.3%
Plovdiv-city 26.2% 26.0% 3.0% 11.3% 8.3% 8.9% 6.4% 4.5% 5.4%
Plovdiv-province 29.0% 18.6% 9.0% 10.9% 14.0% 4.2% 5.2% 3.6% 5.5%
Razgrad 19.5% 9.2% 45.5% 4.6% 6.4% 7.1% 2.2% 2.0% 3.5%
Ruse 23.5% 23.2% 8.6% 11.9% 10.8% 5.7% 4.7% 5.0% 6.6%
Silistra 26.4% 14.8% 31.1% 6.8% 8.3% 2.5% 2.8% 2.9% 4.4%
Sliven 33.1% 19.8% 6.1% 10.4% 11.8% 4.5% 4.0% 3.7% 6.6%
Smolyan 26.4% 17.6% 25.4% 5.5% 10.4% 3.4% 3.6% 3.4% 4.3%
Sofia-city 23 21.7% 28.6% 0.7% 9.2% 7.5% 20.4% 4.6% 2.9% 4.4%
Sofia-city 24 24.5% 26.5% 0.7% 10.0% 7.2% 17.3% 5.0% 3.3% 5.5%
Sofia-city 25 28.3% 24.6% 0.8% 11.7% 8.4% 11.3% 4.9% 3.8% 6.2%
Sofia-province 32.2% 16.6% 7.1% 9.8% 10.9% 5.1% 8.1% 3.8% 6.4%
Stara Zagora 26.3% 19.5% 10.1% 12.5% 11.4% 5.0% 4.8% 4.6% 5.8%
Targovishte 17.7% 11.3% 43.5% 6.3% 7.8% 2.9% 4.0% 2.5% 4.0%
Haskovo 26.4% 19.2% 17.7% 9.3% 8.8% 3.9% 6.9% 3.3% 4.5%
Shumen 24.4% 17.2% 26.8% 8.1% 9.6% 3.0% 3.1% 3.0% 4.8%
Yambol 26.8% 20.4% 2.4% 12.6% 18.6% 3.9% 5.5% 4.3% 5.5%
Bulgarian nationals abroad 8.8% 22.8% 31.8% 14.5% 2.1% 10.0% 2.0% 4.7% 3.3%
source: Electoral Commission of Bulgaria

Aftermath and coalition formation

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As per the Bulgarian Constitution, the Bulgarian President Rumen Radev is required to hand a mandate for government formation to the largest party. If they don't propose a government within seven days, or if that government is rejected by the Bulgarian Parliament, President Radev will hand the second mandate to the second largest party. If the second mandate also doesn't produce a government, the president will grant a third mandate to a party of his choice. If no government is approved by Parliament after all three mandates have been returned, new elections will be scheduled. Neither GERB nor PP, the first and second largest party respectively, are expected to be able to form a stable government.[8]

Following the election, GERB leader Boyko Borisov, who had served as prime minister for most of the time between 2009 and 2021, announced that he was not interested in a cabinet position or returning to the post of prime minister, stating that "now is not the right time for dominance, but for seeking unity." Borisov's previous government had been the subject of the 2020–2021 Bulgarian protests over corruption allegations,[9] the effects of which had been felt through all of the legislative snap elections held since that point. He stated that GERB was open to coalition talks with any party or coalition in the legislature, even ones that had generally opposed him and GERB, and sought party experts to seek common ground on main issues, including the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine, the 2021–2022 inflation surge, joining the eurozone, and becoming part of the Schengen Area.[10]

The National Assembly remained fragmented, and no party was able to form a governing coalition.[11] GERB and the Movement for Rights and Freedoms (DPS) did not have a majority, holding only 103 of the 121 seats needed. Bulgarian Rise (BV) and Revival, which held a combined 39 seats, are considered Eurosceptic and sympathetic to Russia,[12] similarly to the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) with 25 seats. Although generally pro-EU, the remaining parties and alliances with seats opposed Boyko Borisov's past government and refused any possibility of a coalition with GERB due to disagreements over corruption.[13]

On 18 October, Borisov announced that his attempts to broker a coalition government prior to the first sitting of the new Assembly were unsuccessful.[14] The following day, the Assembly failed to elect a speaker during its first meeting, the first time this ever occurred. After multiple failed attempts, the Assembly elected its oldest member, the GERB MP Vezhdi Rashidov, as speaker on 21 October, after he was nominated by Korneliya Ninova, the leader of BSP, as a consensus candidate.[15][16] The gridlock to form a new government persisted throughout October and November 2022 and before a first or second mandate was given, President Rumen Radev stated that he would delay handing over the third mandate for government formation until after the New Year so as to delay elections until March 2023 and avoid the most difficult winter period.[17]

On 2 December, Radev stated that he would hand the government mandate to the election's winner GERB the following Monday. On 5 December, Radev granted the first mandate to GERB's nominee, Nikolay Gabrovski. One week later, on 12 December, Gabrovski proposed a new government.[18] His prime ministership was rejected by Parliament (113 for, 125 against, 2 absent) two days later on 14 December, with MPs from the DPS and BV voting in favour alongside GERB.[19] On January 3, Radev gave the second mandate to PP's candidate, Nikolai Denkov,[20] but his prime ministership was also rejected by Parliament (63 for, 84 against, 30 abstain, 63 absent).[21] Radev gave the third mandate to Ninova, although she rejected to form a government in a deadlocked parliament.[22] Observers already pointed at an unprecedented fourth snap election to be held in 2023, as no new government could be formed.[23][24]

References

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  1. ^ Spirova, Maria (4 July 2023). "Bulgaria: Political Developments and Data in 2022: Yet Another Year of Instability". European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook. doi:10.1111/2047-8852.12415. hdl:1887/3142366. ISSN 2047-8844. S2CID 214363448.
  2. ^ Tsolova, Tsvetelia (15 November 2021). "New centrist party wins Bulgarian election, could end months of deadlock". Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  3. ^ "Bulgarian Lawmakers Confirm New Government After Months Of Deadlock". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 13 December 2021. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  4. ^ "Republic of Bulgaria Election for Narodno Sabranie (Bulgarian National Assembly)". ElectionGuide. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  5. ^ "Electoral system for national legislature – Bulgaria". International IDEA. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  6. ^ "Bulgaria". Europe Elects. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  7. ^ "ГЕРБ побеждава БСП при избирателите над 60-годишна възраст]" (in Bulgarian). 2 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  8. ^ "Bulgaria's President Hands Government Mandate to Borissov's Party". Balkan Insight. 2 December 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  9. ^ "Bulgaria's former-PM Borissov seeks path to coalition in fractured parliament". Reuters. 4 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  10. ^ "Bulgaria: Borissov offers coalition, doesn't want PM's post". AP News. 4 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
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