The following scientific events occurred or are scheduled to occur in 2024.

List of years in science (table)
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Events

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January

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19 January: Japan becomes the fifth country to achieve a soft landing on the Moon.
  • 17 January – A study in Nature finds that the Greenland ice sheet is melting 20% faster than previously estimated, due to the effects of calving-front retreat. The loss of 30m tonnes of ice an hour is "sufficient to affect ocean circulation and the distribution of heat energy around the globe."[45][46]
  • 18 January
    • NASA reports the end of the Ingenuity helicopter's operation, after 72 successful flights on Mars, due to a broken rotor blade.[47][48]
    • A potential candidate for the first known radio pulsar-black hole binary is reported by astronomers. The heavier of the two lies in the "mass gap" between neutron stars and black holes. The pair are located in the globular cluster NGC 1851.[49][50]
    • Two insect-like robots, a mini-bug and a water strider, are reported as being the smallest, lightest, and fastest fully-functional micro-robots ever created.[51][52]
    • Bottom trawling is found to release 340 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere each year, nearly 1 percent of all global CO2 emissions in addition to acidifying oceans.[53][54]
  • 19 January – Japan becomes the fifth country to achieve a soft landing on the Moon, with its SLIM mission.[55][56]
  • 21 January – Biologists report the discovery of "obelisks", a new class of viroid-like elements, and "oblins", their related group of proteins, in the human microbiome.[57][58]
  • 23 January – A viable and sustainable approach for gold recovery from e-waste is demonstrated.[59][60]
 
24 January: A global analysis of groundwater levels is published, including widespread rapid declines of over 0.5 meters per year.

February

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10 February: An analysis of Outer London's Mini-Hollands active transport Low Traffic Neighbourhoods is published.
 
14 February: A study reviews educational content of 18,400 universities worldwide finds higher education is not transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy curricula nearly fast enough.
 
17 February: A global review of harms from personal car automobility finds cars have killed 60–80 million people through diverse pathways, largely arising from car-centrism.
 
22 February: The first commercial vehicle to land on the Moon includes a copy of English Wikipedia and other long-term records of humanity.

March

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13 March: Amid an ongoing boom in AI research, the EU passes the world's first comprehensive legislation governing the technology.
  • 14 MarchSpaceX successfully launches the Starship spacecraft, but loses the rocket upon re-entering the atmosphere.[204]
  • 19 March
    • Scientists demonstrate a wireless network of 78 tiny sensors able to gather data from the brain, with potential to be scaled up to thousands of such devices.[205][206]
 
27 March: A study calculates the production costs of diabetes medications such as insulin and ozempic.

April

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9 May: A cubic millimetre of the human brain is mapped at nanoscale resolution by a team at Google
 
30 May: NASA reports the discovery of the most distant known galaxy.

June

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July

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August

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  • 1 August – A study in Nature finds that based on current policies, there is a 45% risk of at least one major tipping point by 2300, even if global warming is brought back to below 1.5 °C. The risk is "strongly accelerated" for peak warming above 2.0 °C. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Current (AMOC) is identified as being at the most urgent risk of collapse – possibly occurring as early as 2040 – followed by the Amazon rainforest in the 2070s.[308][309][310]
  • 7 August – Scientists in Australia publish a new 400-year temperature reconstruction for the Coral Sea, showing that recent ocean heat has led to mass bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef.[311][312]
  • 8 August – A study on the terraforming of Mars suggests that releasing metal nanorods into the planet's atmosphere could warm it by 30 K, and would be far more efficient than trying to do so with greenhouse gases.[313]
  • 12 August
    • Liquid water is confirmed to be present at depths of 10 to 20 km (6.2 to 12.4 mi) below the surface of Mars, based on a new analysis of data from NASA's InSight lander.[314]
    • An Earth-sized, ultra-short period exoplanet called TOI-6255b is found to be undergoing extreme tidal distortion, caused by the close proximity of its parent star. This has resulted in an egg-shaped planet, likely to be destroyed within 400 million years.[315][316]
  • 14 August
  • 16 August – The Planetary Habitability Laboratory publishes a report concluding that the Wow! signal was likely been caused by a rare astrophysical event, the sudden brightening of a cold molecular cloud triggered by a stellar emission.[320]
  • 23 August – BNT116, the world’s first mRNA lung cancer vaccine, begins a Phase I clinical trial in seven countries.[321]

September

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October

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November

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Predicted and scheduled events

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Astronomical events

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See also

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References

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  2. ^ Afifi-Sabet, Keumars (8 January 2024). "World's 1st graphene semiconductor could power future quantum computers". livescience.com. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  3. ^ Zhao, Jian; Ji, Peixuan; Li, Yaqi; Li, Rui; Zhang, Kaimin; Tian, Hao; Yu, Kaicheng; Bian, Boyue; Hao, Luzhen; Xiao, Xue; Griffin, Will; Dudeck, Noel; Moro, Ramiro; Ma, Lei; de Heer, Walt A. (January 2024). "Ultrahigh-mobility semiconducting epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide". Nature. 625 (7993): 60–65. arXiv:2308.12446. Bibcode:2024Natur.625...60Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06811-0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 38172363.
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  25. ^ Dalman, Sebastian G.; Loewen, Mark A.; Pyron, R. Alexander; Jasinski, Steven E.; Malinzak, D. Edward; Lucas, Spencer G.; Fiorillo, Anthony R.; Currie, Philip J.; Longrich, Nicholas R. (11 January 2024). "A giant tyrannosaur from the Campanian–Maastrichtian of southern North America and the evolution of tyrannosaurid gigantism". Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 22124. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-47011-0. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10784284. PMID 38212342.
  26. ^ Moura, Mario R.; Oliveira, Gibran A.; Paglia, Adriano P.; Pires, Mathias M.; Santos, Bráulio A. (December 2023). "Climate change should drive mammal defaunation in tropical dry forests". Global Change Biology. 29 (24): 6931–6944. Bibcode:2023GCBio..29.6931M. bioRxiv 10.1101/2023.08.17.553094. doi:10.1111/gcb.16979. ISSN 1354-1013. PMID 37846595.
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  29. ^ "Newly identified genes for depression may lead to new treatments". UCL. 11 January 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
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  31. ^ Smith, Kiona N. "Ancient Amazon Civilization Developed Unique Form of 'Garden Urbanism'". Scientific American. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  32. ^ Rostain, Stéphen; Dorison, Antoine; de Saulieu, Geoffroy; Prümers, Heiko; Le Pennec, Jean-Luc; Mejía Mejía, Fernando; Freire, Ana Maritza; Pagán-Jiménez, Jaime R.; Descola, Philippe (12 January 2024). "Two thousand years of garden urbanism in the Upper Amazon". Science. 383 (6679): 183–189. Bibcode:2024Sci...383..183R. doi:10.1126/science.adi6317. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 38207020.
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  36. ^ "NASA Analysis Confirms 2023 as Warmest Year on Record". NASA. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  37. ^ "'Off the charts': 2023 was hottest year ever recorded globally, US scientists confirm". The Guardian. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  38. ^ "Global Temperature Report for 2023". Berkeley Earth. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  39. ^ Prisco, Jacopo (12 January 2024). "Are fingerprints unique? Not really, AI-based study says". CNN. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
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  43. ^ "Cloned rhesus monkey created to speed medical research". BBC News. 16 January 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
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  47. ^ Chang, Kenneth (25 January 2024). "Ingenuity, the NASA Helicopter Flying Over Mars, Ends Its Mission - The robot flew 72 times, serving as a scouting partner to the Perseverance rover, aiding in the search for evidence that there was once life on the red planet". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  48. ^ Wall, Mike (25 January 2024). "'It's sort of been invincible until this moment:' Mars helicopter Ingenuity pilot says 'bland' terrain may have doomed NASA chopper - The sandy landscape offered few points of navigational reference for Ingenuity". Space.com. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
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  50. ^ "Lightest black hole or heaviest neutron star? Manchester astronomers uncover a mysterious object in Milky Way". University of Manchester. 18 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  51. ^ "Mini-robots modeled on insects may be smallest, lightest, fastest ever developed". Washington State University. 18 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
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  70. ^ "Discovery Alert: A 'Super-Earth' in the Habitable Zone". NASA. 31 January 2024. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
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  74. ^ Dua, Shubhangi. "World's first home air-to-water generator makes 120 gallons a day". Interesting Engineering. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  75. ^ "New antibiotic compound very exciting, expert says". BBC. 4 January 2024. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
  76. ^ Zampaloni, Claudia; Mattei, Patrizio; Bleicher, Konrad; Winther, Lotte; Thäte, Claudia; Bucher, Christian; Adam, Jean-Michel; Alanine, Alexander; Amrein, Kurt E.; Baidin, Vadim; Bieniossek, Christoph; Bissantz, Caterina; Boess, Franziska; Cantrill, Carina; Clairfeuille, Thomas; Dey, Fabian; Di Giorgio, Patrick; du Castel, Pauline; Dylus, David; Dzygiel, Pawel; Felici, Antonio; García-Alcalde, Fernando; Haldimann, Andreas; Leipner, Matthew; Leyn, Semen; Louvel, Séverine; Misson, Pauline; Osterman, Andrei; Pahil, Karanbir; Rigo, Sébastien; Schäublin, Adrian; Scharf, Sebastian; Schmitz, Petra; Stoll, Theodor; Trauner, Andrej; Zoffmann, Sannah; Kahne, Daniel; Young, John A. T.; Lobritz, Michael A.; Bradley, Kenneth A. (January 2024). "A novel antibiotic class targeting the lipopolysaccharide transporter". Nature. 625 (7995): 566–571. Bibcode:2024Natur.625..566Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06873-0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 10794144. PMID 38172634.
  77. ^ Pahil, KS; Gilman, MSA; Baidin, V; Clairfeuille, T; Mattei, P; Bieniossek, C; Dey, F; Muri, D; Baettig, R; Lobritz, M; Bradley, K; Kruse, AC; Kahne, D (January 2024). "A new antibiotic traps lipopolysaccharide in its intermembrane transporter". Nature. 625 (7995): 572–577. Bibcode:2024Natur.625..572P. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06799-7. PMC 10794137. PMID 38172635.
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