Micropterus is a genus of North American freshwater fish collectively known as the black bass, which belong to the sunfish family Centrarchidae of order Perciformes. They are sometimes erroneously called "black trout", but the name trout more correctly refers to certain potamodromous members of the family Salmonidae (order Salmoniformes).
| Micropterus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Micropterus dolomieu | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Centrarchiformes |
| Family: | Centrarchidae |
| Subfamily: | Lepominae |
| Genus: | Micropterus Lacepede, 1802[1] |
| Type species | |
| Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède, 1802[2]
| |
| Synonyms[3] | |
| |
Micropterus are widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains, from the Hudson Bay basin in Canada to northeastern Mexico. Several species, notably the largemouth and smallmouth bass, have been very widely introduced throughout the world, and are now considered cosmopolitan. All black bass species are highly sought-after game fish and well known as strong fighters when hooked, and bass fishing is an extremely popular outdoor sport throughout their native range.[4] Their meat is quite edible and firm, although they are not regarded as commercial food fish.[citation needed]
All black bass species have a dull-green base coloring with dark patterns on the sides. Most reach a maximum overall length of 40–60 cm (16–24 in), but some strains of the largemouth bass have been reported to grow to almost 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in length.[5] In spawning seasons, the male builds a "nest" (spawning ground) in the bed where a female is induced to deposit her eggs, then the male externally fertilizes them. The male continues to guard the eggs and fry until they disperse from the nest.
Various black base species have been introduced into freshwater bodies outside North America, where they become invasive in many instances. In Japan, they have been declared nuisance fish and are subjected to numerous attempts at eradicating them from local ecosystems.[6]
Species
editCurrently, 13 recognized species are placed in this genus:[7]
- Micropterus cahabae W. H. Baker, Blanton & C. E. Johnston, 2013 (Cahaba bass) [8]
- Micropterus cataractae J. D. Williams & G. H. Burgess, 1999 (shoal bass)
- Micropterus chattahoochae W. H. Baker, Blanton & C. E. Johnston, 2013 (Chattahoochee bass) [8]
- Micropterus coosae C. L. Hubbs & R. M. Bailey, 1940 (redeye bass)
- Micropterus dolomieu Lacépède, 1802 (smallmouth bass)
- Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède, 1802) (Florida bass)
- Micropterus henshalli C. L. Hubbs & R. M. Bailey, 1940 (Alabama bass)
- Micropterus notius R. M. Bailey & C. L. Hubbs, 1949 (Suwannee bass)
- Micropterus punctulatus Rafinesque, 1819 (spotted bass)
- Micropterus nigricans (Cuvier, 1828) (largemouth bass)
- Micropterus tallapoosae W. H. Baker, Blanton & C. E. Johnston, 2013 (Tallapoosa bass) [8]
- Micropterus treculii (Vaillant & Bocourt, 1874) (Guadalupe bass)
- Micropterus warriorensis W. H. Baker, Blanton & C. E. Johnston, 2013 (warrior bass) [8]
A 14th species, the Choctaw bass Micropterus haiaka, has been proposed,[9] but this does not yet appear to have been widely accepted.[7] A further two species, the Altamaha bass and Bartram's bass, are as yet undescribed and have been included under the redeye bass.[10]
A genomic analysis in 2022 described new species and found that the binomials, M. salmoides and M. floridanus as used above are misapplied to the largemouth bass and the Florida bass, this study found that M. salmoides is the valid binomial for the Florida bass, while M. floridanus, is its junior synonym. They also found that the oldest available binomial for the largemouth bass is M. nigricans.[10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Citizen La Cepède (1802). Histoire naturelle des poissons, tome IV (in French). Paris: Chez Saugrain. p. 324. [1]
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Micropterus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Centrarchidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ "American Bass Fish Species Guide". BadAngling.com. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
- ^ Rohde, F.C., Arndt, R.G., Lindquist, D.G. & Parnell, J.F. (1996): Freshwater Fishes of the Carolinas, Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994.
- ^ "Locals in for long haul in battle against non-native fish". Asahi Shimbun. 6 July 2007. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Micropterus". FishBase. December 2019 version.
- ^ a b c d Baker, W.H., Blanton, R.E. & Johnston, C.E. (2013): Diversity within the Redeye Bass, Micropterus coosae (Perciformes: Centrarchidae) species group, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa, 3635 (4): 379–401.
- ^ Tringali, M.D.; Barthel, B.; Seyoum, S. & Knight, J. (2013). "Molecular and Morphological Evidence for a Novel Black bass Species Native to Rivers of the East Gulf Coastal Plain]". Proceedings of the Symposium Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation, Nashville, American Fisheries Society 143rd Annual Meeting. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ a b Daemin Kim; Andrew T. Taylor & Thomas J. Near (2022). "Phylogenomics and species delimitation of the economically important Black Basses (Micropterus)". Scientific Reports. 12: 9113. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-11743-2. PMC 9170712. PMID 35668124.