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Casiguran [ˌkaːsɪˈguːɾan], officially the Municipality of Casiguran (Tagalog/Kasiguranin: Bayan ng Casiguran; Ilocano: Ili ti Casiguran), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Aurora, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 26,564 people.[3]
Casiguran | |
|---|---|
| Municipality of Casiguran | |
 Cuaresma Beach in Casiguran | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Map of Aurora with Casiguran highlighted | |
OpenStreetMap  | |
  Casiguran Location within the Philippines | |
| Coordinates: 16°17′N 122°07′E / 16.28°N 122.12°E | |
| Country | Philippines |
| Region | Central Luzon |
| Province | Aurora |
| District | Lone district |
| Founded | June 13, 1609 |
| Annexation to Baler | October 24, 1906 |
| Chartered | September 20, 1907 |
| Barangays | 24 (see Barangays) |
| Government | |
| • Type | Sangguniang Bayan |
| • Mayor | Roynald S. Soriano |
| • Vice Mayor | Eugene Calugtong |
| • Representative | Rommel Rico T. Angara |
| • Municipal Council | Members |
| • Electorate | 17,926 voters (2022) |
| Area | |
• Total | 715.43 km2 (276.23 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 74 m (243 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 461 m (1,512 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[3] | |
• Total | 26,564 |
| • Density | 37/km2 (96/sq mi) |
| • Households | 6,513 |
| Demonym | Casiguranin |
| Economy | |
| • Income class | 2nd municipal income class |
| • Poverty incidence | 18.10 |
| • Revenue | ₱ 240.2 million (2020) |
| • Assets | ₱ 453.9 million (2020) |
| • Expenditure | ₱ 185.8 million (2020) |
| • Liabilities | ₱ 80.16 million (2020) |
| Service provider | |
| • Electricity | Aurora Electric Cooperative (AURELCO) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (PST) |
| ZIP code | 3204 |
| PSGC | |
| IDD : area code | +63 (0)42 |
| Native languages | Dumagat Agta Kasiguranin Ilocano Tagalog |
| Website | www |
The municipality is home to the Amro River Protected Landscape.
Etymology
editAccording to folk legend, the name Casiguran was obtained from the Ilocano term Sigod which means "edge" or "maximum", which is due to the location of the Municipality at the northern edge of Aurora Province. (Another translation & definition of sigod is "soon" or "early") Another legend says that if an unmarried stranger comes to the place, he unavoidably falls in love and marries and most of the time stays for good. The affixation of sigod when converting it to a noun is kasigudan, from which the Hispanized pronunciation "Casiguran" is derived.
History
editCasiguran was founded by Spanish missionaries on June 13, 1609. Prior to their arrival, early settlers were the Dumagats, Aetas, and Bugkalots followed by migrants from other parts of the Philippines.[5] These migrants spoke different languages such as Ilocano, Visayan languages, Tagalog, Bikol languages, Kapampangan, Gaddang, Itawis and Ibanag, and from these a Kasiguranin language evolved.[6][7] In 1818, Nueva Ecija annexed the towns of Casiguran, as well as Baler, Infanta (formerly called Binangonan de Lampon) and Polillo Islands from Tayabas, and Palanan from Isabela.[8] Casiguran then became part of Nueva Vizcaya when it was created in 1839,[9] then became part of El Príncipe District of the province of Nueva Ecija when it was created in 1856.
In 1902, Casiguran became part of the province of Tayabas (now Quezon).[10] In 1905, the area of modern Dilasag was part of Nueva Vizcaya & transferred to Tayabas thru Casiguran.[11] From 1906 to 1907, Casiguran was merged with the town of Baler, also then in Tayabas.[12][13] Casiguran was transferred to Nueva Vizcaya in 1918, but restored to Tayabas in 1946.[11][14]
In 1942, invading Japanese forces landed in the town of Casiguran.[further explanation needed] On February 19, 1945 to May 11, 1945, Allied troops as well as Philippine Commonwealth forces and recognized guerrilla units fought on the Battle of Casiguran during the return of American forces on Luzon on World War II.[further explanation needed] When the Philippines regained sovereignty in 1946, Aurora was still part of Tayabas and Casiguran was a lone northern town. Its political jurisdiction is bounded on the north by the province of Isabela, on the west by Quirino, and on the south west by Barangay Dinadiawan, which was then the boundary between Baler and Casiguran.
In 1959 and 1966, the barrios of Dilasag and Dinalungan, which were part of Casiguran and situated on its northern and south-western portions, were made into municipalities.[15]
On August 2, 1968, the 7.6-magnitude 1968 Casiguran earthquake struck near Casiguran.
Geography
editAccording to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 715.43 square kilometers (276.23 sq mi) [16] constituting 22.73% of the 3,147.32-square-kilometer- (1,215.19 sq mi) total area of Aurora.
Casiguran is located 120 kilometers (75 mi) north-east of provincial capital Baler and 351 kilometers (218 mi) from Manila. It is bounded on the north-east by Dilasag, south-west by Dinalungan, north-west by Quirino and southeast by the Philippine Sea.
Barangays
editCasiguran is politically subdivided into 24 barangays.[17] Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
| PSGC | Barangay | Population | ±% p.a. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020[3] | 2010[18] | |||||
| 037702001 | Barangay 1 (Poblacion) | 3.0% | 790 | 799 | −0.11% | |
| 037702002 | Barangay 2 (Poblacion) | 2.5% | 665 | 665 | 0.00% | |
| 037702003 | Barangay 3 (Poblacion) | 0.9% | 235 | 257 | −0.89% | |
| 037702004 | Barangay 4 (Poblacion) | 1.2% | 307 | 302 | 0.16% | |
| 037702005 | Barangay 5 (Poblacion) | 1.7% | 439 | 432 | 0.16% | |
| 037702006 | Barangay 6 (Poblacion) | 1.2% | 325 | 310 | 0.47% | |
| 037702007 | Barangay 7 (Poblacion) | 1.1% | 288 | 278 | 0.35% | |
| 037702008 | Barangay 8 (Poblacion) | 2.3% | 612 | 601 | 0.18% | |
| 037702019 | Bianuan | 13.0% | 3,443 | 3,440 | 0.01% | |
| 037702009 | Calabgan | 2.5% | 652 | 496 | 2.77% | |
| 037702010 | Calangcuasan | 4.2% | 1,104 | 1,099 | 0.05% | |
| 037702011 | Calantas | 7.2% | 1,916 | 1,799 | 0.63% | |
| 037702020 | Cozo | 6.2% | 1,637 | 1,618 | 0.12% | |
| 037702012 | Culat | 2.9% | 776 | 630 | 2.11% | |
| 037702021 | Dibacong | 7.4% | 1,954 | 2,374 | −1.93% | |
| 037702013 | Dibet | 3.7% | 973 | 971 | 0.02% | |
| 037702022 | Ditinagyan | 2.2% | 591 | 587 | 0.07% | |
| 037702014 | Esperanza | 1.9% | 502 | 458 | 0.92% | |
| 037702023 | Esteves | 6.7% | 1,793 | 1,786 | 0.04% | |
| 037702015 | Lual | 6.0% | 1,588 | 1,482 | 0.69% | |
| 037702016 | Marikit | 2.8% | 735 | 609 | 1.90% | |
| 037702024 | San Ildefonso | 4.2% | 1,115 | 1,100 | 0.14% | |
| 037702017 | Tabas | 3.9% | 1,043 | 1,007 | 0.35% | |
| 037702018 | Tinib | 3.1% | 830 | 765 | 0.82% | |
| Total | 26,564 | 23,865 | 1.08% | |||
Climate
edit| Climate data for Casiguran, Aurora (1991–2020, extremes 1949–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.0 (91.4) |
33.9 (93.0) |
35.3 (95.5) |
36.8 (98.2) |
38.0 (100.4) |
39.2 (102.6) |
37.4 (99.3) |
40.0 (104.0) |
37.5 (99.5) |
35.6 (96.1) |
34.2 (93.6) |
35.6 (96.1) |
40.0 (104.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.8 (82.0) |
28.3 (82.9) |
29.7 (85.5) |
31.6 (88.9) |
32.8 (91.0) |
33.0 (91.4) |
32.3 (90.1) |
32.4 (90.3) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.1 (88.0) |
29.7 (85.5) |
28.2 (82.8) |
30.7 (87.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) |
24.3 (75.7) |
25.4 (77.7) |
26.9 (80.4) |
28.1 (82.6) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.0 (82.4) |
27.7 (81.9) |
26.9 (80.4) |
25.9 (78.6) |
24.7 (76.5) |
26.5 (79.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.1 (68.2) |
20.2 (68.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
22.3 (72.1) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.3 (73.9) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.1 (71.8) |
21.3 (70.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 10.5 (50.9) |
9.0 (48.2) |
11.2 (52.2) |
11.4 (52.5) |
14.0 (57.2) |
18.0 (64.4) |
18.7 (65.7) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.0 (60.8) |
15.0 (59.0) |
13.0 (55.4) |
11.6 (52.9) |
9.0 (48.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 295.4 (11.63) |
250.7 (9.87) |
239.6 (9.43) |
174.7 (6.88) |
235.7 (9.28) |
217.3 (8.56) |
298.9 (11.77) |
216.2 (8.51) |
285.0 (11.22) |
469.8 (18.50) |
645.7 (25.42) |
665.3 (26.19) |
3,994.3 (157.26) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 16 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 173 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 89 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 86 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 88 |
| Source: PAGASA[19][20] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1903 | 2,067 | — |
| 1918 | 2,567 | +1.45% |
| 1939 | 6,393 | +4.44% |
| 1948 | 5,643 | −1.38% |
| 1960 | 6,900 | +1.69% |
| 1970 | 12,128 | +5.79% |
| 1975 | 11,670 | −0.77% |
| 1980 | 13,925 | +3.60% |
| 1990 | 18,375 | +2.81% |
| 1995 | 19,578 | +1.20% |
| 2000 | 21,459 | +1.99% |
| 2007 | 22,403 | +0.60% |
| 2010 | 23,865 | +2.33% |
| 2015 | 24,313 | +0.35% |
| 2020 | 26,564 | +1.76% |
| Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[21][18][22][23] | ||
In the 2020 census, Casiguran had a population of 26,564.[3] The population density was 37 inhabitants per square kilometre (96/sq mi).
In 1960, the population of Casiguran was 6,900. This was almost doubled by the 1970s when population was 12,128, an increase of about 76% (5.8% annual average growth rate). Between 1970 and 1975, there was a marked decreased in the number of population from 12,128 to 11,670. This reduction was due to deteriorated peace and order, which forced some of the population to move away. The trend reversed by 1980, with an increase of 19% or an annual average growth rate increase of 3.86%. Increasing population continued during the succeeding censal years (1980 to 1995) but with a declining annual average population growth rate. This is attributed to the gradual stoppage of logging operations in the area. Many workers involved in this trade were not original residents, so when the jobs were no longer available, they left. Between 1995 and 1999 there was a significant increase of the annual average population growth rate to 4.36%.
Economy
editPoverty incidence of Casiguran
5
10
15
20
25
30
2006
29.10 2009
19.73 2012
18.44 2015
12.65 2018
12.62 2021
18.10 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] |
Notable personalities
edit- Athena Imperial - news field reporter, communication researcher and Miss Philippines Earth 2011.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Municipality of Casiguran | (DILG)
- ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
- ^ a b c d Census of Population (2020). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ Barrows, David P. (1910). "The Ilongot or Ibilao of Luzon". Popular Science Monthly. Vol. 77, no. 1–6. pp. 521–537.
These people (Ilongot) scattered rancherias toward Baler and sustain trading relations with the Tagalog of that town, but are hostile with the Ilongot of Nueva Vizcaya jurisdiction... It may be that these Ilongot communicate with the Tagalog town of Kasiguran.
- ^ Official Website of Casiguran
- ^ Saint Anthony de Padua Parish Church Casiguran on Philippine Faith and Heritage Tour website
- ^ "Aurora, Philippines – History". www.aurora.ph. Archived from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
- ^ "Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines – History". www.aurora.ph. Retrieved February 18, 2023.
- ^ "Aurora, Philippines – History". www.aurora.ph. Retrieved February 18, 2023.
- ^ a b The picture of territorial evolution of Quezon.
- ^ Act No. 1550 (October 24, 1906), Full Title AN ACT CONSOLIDATING THE PRESENT MUNICIPALITY OF CASIGURAN WITH THE MUNICIPALITY OF BALER, BOTH IN THE PROVINCE OF TAYABAS, AND ANNEXING THE BARRIOS OF CABULIHAN, SAN ROQUE, AND CALANTAS WITH THE SITIOS OF AÑOS AND TUBAS, OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF GUMACA, TO THE MUNICIPALITY OF PITOGO, IN THE SAME PROVINCE., retrieved February 18, 2023
- ^ Act No. 1721 (September 20, 1907), AN ACT INCREASING THE NUMBER OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE PROVINCE OF TAYABAS FROM TWENTY-FOUR TO TWENTY-SIX, BY ORGANIZING THE BARRIO OF CANDELARIA, NOW A PART OF SARIAYA, INTO A NEW MUNICIPALITY, AND SEPARATING FROM BALER THE FORMER MUNICIPALITY OF CASIGURAN, GIVING THE LATTER THE SAME TERRITORY WHICH IT COMPRISED PRIOR TO THE PASSAGE OF ACT NUMBERED FIFTEEN HUNDRED AND FIFTY., retrieved February 18, 2023
- ^
An old map showing the current northern territory of Aurora as part of Nueva Vizcaya. - ^ Republic Act No. 4785 (18 June 1966), "An Act Converting the Municipal District of Dilasag in the Subprovince of Aurora, Province of Quezon, into a Municipality", The Corpus Juris, archived from the original on 6 November 2016, retrieved 6 November 2016
- ^ "Province: Aurora". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
- ^ "Municipal: Casiguran, Aurora". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
- ^ a b Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region III (Central Luzon)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
- ^ "Casiguran, Aurora Climatological Normal Values 1991–2020" (PDF). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
- ^ "Casiguran, Aurora Climatological Extremes" (PDF). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
- ^ Census of Population (2015). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
- ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
- ^ "Province of Aurora". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
- ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 29 November 2005.
- ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 23 March 2009.
- ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 3 August 2012.
- ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 31 May 2016.
- ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 10 July 2019.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
External links
edit