Censuses in Indonesia are censuses of Indonesia's population, agriculture, and economy conducted by Statistics Indonesia. The first census after independence was held in 1961.
Legal basis
editLaw No. 16 of 1997 on Statistics governs the census in Indonesia.[1] The law mandates that three types of censuses be held at least every ten years: a population census, an agricultural census, and an economic census.[2] These censuses are administered by Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik), a government agency directly responsible to the President of Indonesia.[3] Government Ordinance No. 51 of 1999 on Statistical Administration further stipulates that population censuses are held on years ending with zero, agricultural censuses are held on years ending with three, and economic censuses are held on years ending with six.[4]
History
editRulers throughout Indonesia's history mostly used censuses for taxation purposes. This association and the counting of households rather than individuals in earlier censuses make their figures highly unreliable.[5]
Censuses in the colonial period
editSebastiaan Cornelis Nederburgh, the former Commissioner-General of the Dutch Cape Colony, organized the first formal census of Java in 1795.[6] Between 1880 and 1905, the Dutch East Indies conducted partial population counts every five years, with most of the data being limited to Java.[7] This was later followed by full censuses in 1920 and 1930. A third full census was planned for 1940 but was cancelled because of Japanese occupation of the Indies during World War II.[6]
Population census
editAfter gaining independence, Indonesia did not hold its first census until 1961. The census was incomplete, however, and many of the detailed results have been lost.[6]
| Year | Total population | Change in population | World population ranking | Most populous province | Least populous province | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | 97,018,829 | — | 5 | East Java (21,823,020) | Central Kalimantan (496,522) | [8][9] |
| 1971 | 119,208,229 |  22.9%
|
5 | East Java (25,516,999) | Bengkulu (519,316) | [10] |
| 1980 | 147,490,298 | 23.7%
|
5 | East Java (29,188,852) | Bengkulu (768,064) | [10] |
| 1990 | 179,378,946 | 21.6%
|
5 | West Java (35,384,352) | Bengkulu (1,179,122) | [10] |
| 2000 | 206,264,595 | 15.0%
|
4 | West Java (35,729,537) | North Maluku (785,059) | [10] |
| 2010 | 237,641,326 | 15.2%
|
4 | West Java (43,053,732) | West Papua (760,422) | [10] |
| 2020 | 270,203,917 | 13.7%
|
4 | West Java (48,274,162) | North Kalimantan (701,814) | [11] |
Agricultural census
editEconomic census
editReferences
editCitations
edit- ^ FAO 2019, p. 165.
- ^ Law No. 16 of 1997, Art. 8, cl. 1.
- ^ Law No. 16 of 1997, Art. 1, cl. 11; Art. 28, cl. 1.
- ^ Govt. Ord. No. 51 of 1999, Art. 3, cl. 2.
- ^ Cribb & Kahin 2004, p. 71.
- ^ a b c Kahin 2015, p. 85.
- ^ Nitisastro 2006, p. 7.
- ^ Nitisastro 2006, p. 168.
- ^ Nitisastro 2006, p. 169.
- ^ a b c d e Statistics Indonesia 2021a.
- ^ Statistics Indonesia 2021b, p. 18.
Statutes and regulations
edit- Pelaksanaan Sensus Penduduk [Execution of the Population Census] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 21) (in Indonesian). 1979.
- Pelaksanaan Sensus Penduduk 1971 [Execution of the 1971 Population Census] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 29) (in Indonesian). 1970.
- Pelaksanaan Sensus Pertanian 1973 [Execution of the 1973 Agricultural Census] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 40) (in Indonesian). 1973.
- Penyelenggaraan Sensus Penduduk 1961 [Administration of the 1961 Population Census] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 49) (in Indonesian). 1960.
- Penyelenggaraan Sensus Perindustrian [Administration of the Industrial Census] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 16) (in Indonesian). 1964.
- Penyelenggaraan Sensus Pertanian [Administration of the Agricultural Census] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 46) (in Indonesian). 1963.
- Penyelenggaraan Statistik [Statistical Administration] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 51) (in Indonesian). 1999.
- Sensus [The Census] (PDF) (Law 6) (in Indonesian). People's Representative Council of Mutual Aid. 1960.
- Sensus Ekonomi [The Economic Census] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 29) (in Indonesian). 1985.
- Sensus Pertanian [The Agricultural Census] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 2) (in Indonesian). 1983.
- Statistik [Statistics] (PDF) (Law 16) (in Indonesian). People's Representative Council. 1997.
Bibliography
edit- Cribb, Robert; Kahin, Audrey (2004). Historical Dictionary of Indonesia (2nd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4935-8.
- Kahin, Audrey (2015). Historical Dictionary of Indonesia (3rd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-7195-3.
- Nitisastro, Widjojo (2006) [1970]. Population Trends in Indonesia. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing Indonesia. ISBN 978-979-3780-43-6.
- "Population of Indonesia by Province 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2010". Statistics Indonesia. 2 December 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
- Potret Sensus Penduduk 2020: Menuju Satu Data Kependudukan Indonesia [A Portrait of the 2020 Population Census: Towards One Indonesian Population Data] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. 2021. ISBN 978-602-438-407-4.
- World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2010: Main Results and Metadata by Country (2006–2015) (PDF). FAO Statistical Development Series. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization. 2019. ISBN 978-92-5-131950-5. ISSN 1014-3378.