Cornelius Vanderbilt II

Cornelius Vanderbilt II
Cornelius Vanderbilt II
	Portrait of Vanderbilt by John Singer Sargent
Born	November 27, 1843; Staten Island, New York, U.S.
Died	September 12, 1899 (aged 55); New York City, U.S.
Resting place	Vanderbilt Family Mausoleum, Staten Island, New York, U.S.
Employer	New York Central Railroad
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Alice Claypoole Vanderbilt (m. 1867)
Children	Alice Gwynne Vanderbilt; William Henry Vanderbilt II; Cornelius Vanderbilt III; Gertrude Vanderbilt; Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt; Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt; Gladys Moore Vanderbilt
Parent(s)	William Henry Vanderbilt; Maria Louisa Kissam
Relatives	See Vanderbilt family
Signature

Cornelius "Corneil" Vanderbilt II (November 27, 1843 – September 12, 1899) was an American socialite and a member of the prominent United States Vanderbilt family.

Noted forebears

He was the favorite grandson of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt, who bequeathed him $5 million, and the eldest son of William Henry "Billy" Vanderbilt (who bequeathed him about $70 million) and Maria Louisa Kissam. In his turn, he succeeded them as the chairman and the president of the New York Central and related railroad lines in 1885.^[1]

Early life

Cornelius Vanderbilt II was born on November 27, 1843, on Staten Island, New York to William Henry Vanderbilt (1821–1885) and Maria Louisa Kissam.^[2]^[3]

Career

Unissued bond of the Canada Southern Railway Company, signed by vice-president Cornelius Vanderbilt II

Vanderbilt established a reputation for a strong work ethic while clerking at the Shoe and Leather Bank in New York City. This endeared him to his grandfather, the 'Commodore,' who was a strong believer in personal industry.^[4]

Vanderbilt was active in numerous organizations, including the Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York, YMCA, Red Cross, Salvation Army, Trinity Church, St. Bartholomew's Church, Sunday Breakfast Association, and the Newport Country Club.^[2]

Personal life and death

Vanderbilt's Newport cottage, The Breakers, built in 1893 by Richard Morris Hunt

On February 4, 1867, he married Alice Claypoole Gwynne (1845–1934), daughter of Abraham Evan Gwynne and Rachel Moore Flagg.^[5] The two met at St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church where both taught Sunday school.

Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt II and her daughters, Gladys and Gertrude, having tea in the library at the Breakers, Newport, Rhode Island. William Bruce Ellis Ranken, 1932

Together, they had seven children:^[1]

Alice Gwynne Vanderbilt (1869–1874), who died of a childhood illness at the age of five.
William Henry Vanderbilt II (1870–1892), who died of typhoid fever while attending Yale University.
Cornelius "Neily" Vanderbilt III (1873–1942), whom his father disinherited for marrying Grace Graham Wilson (1870–1953) without his approval.^[6]
Gertrude Vanderbilt (1875–1942), who married Harry Payne Whitney (1872–1930)^[7]
Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt (1877–1915), who died aboard the RMS Lusitania, and who married Ellen French, and after their divorce, Margaret Emerson (1884–1960).^[8]
Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt (1880–1925), who first married society debutante Cathleen Neilson, and later Gloria Morgan.^[9]
Gladys Moore Vanderbilt (1886–1965), who married Count László Széchenyi (1879–1938).^[10]

A stroke in 1896 compelled him to reduce his active business involvement. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage shortly after 6 a.m. on September 12, 1899, at his home on West Fifty-seventh Street in Manhattan, New York City.^[2]

Upon his death, family leadership passed to his first brother, William Kissam Vanderbilt. His philanthropy had been such that he did not increase the wealth that had been left to him.^[1] His estate at the time of his death was appraised at $72,999,867, $20 million of which was real estate.^[11] In 2023 dollars,^[12] $73 million is equivalent to $2.67 billion.^[12]

Real estate

The rear facade of the Cornelius Vanderbilt II House on West 57th Street, New York

The Fifth Avenue mansions that Cornelius Vanderbilt II, his brothers, and his sons lived in have been demolished, including Cornelius Vanderbilt II House.

His 70-room summer residence, The Breakers in Newport, Rhode Island, still stands as a memory of his lifestyle. It is today operated as a historic house museum.^[1]

Descendants

Through his son, Reginald, he was the grandfather of Gloria Laura Vanderbilt, the socialite and fashion designer, and the great-grandfather of news anchor Anderson Hays Cooper.^[1]

Through his son, Alfred, he was the grandfather of William Henry Vanderbilt III, Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr., and George Washington Vanderbilt III.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Vanderbilt, 173–185.
^ ^a ^b ^c "MR. CORNELIUS VANDERBILT DEAD; Succumbed Suddenly Yesterday to Cerebral Hemorrhage. DUE TO STROKE OF PARALYSIS Wife and Daughter Gladys Only Members of His Family With Him. He Had Come to This City on Monday from Newport to Attend a Railroad Meeting – Funeral Services to be Held on Friday". The New York Times. September 13, 1899. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
^ "Wm. H. Vanderbilt Dead. He is Prostrated by Paralysis While Talking to Robert Jarrett, President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and Dies Without Speaking. His Vast Wealth Estimated at Two Hundred Millions". The Washington Post. December 9, 1885. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved August 1, 2008. William H. Vanderbilt died at his residence in this city, of paralysis, at half-past two o'clock this afternoon. He arose this morning at his usual hour, and at breakfast served to the members of the family, most of whom were present, he appeared to be in his usual health and in a more than usually happy frame of mind.
^ Vanderbilt, 177-9.
^ "Mrs. Vanderbilt Sr. Dies in Home at 89. Widow of Financier, Long Ill. Was A Leader in Brilliant Era of New York Society". The New York Times. April 23, 1934.
^ "Gen. C. Vanderbilt Dies on His Yacht. Great-Grandson and Namesake of Commodore Succumbs in Miami to Brain Hemorrhage. Family With Him at End. He Won Distinction as Soldier, Inventor, engineer, Yachtsman. Often Host to Royalty". The New York Times. Associated Press. March 2, 1942.
^ Times Wide World (October 27, 1930). "H.P. WHITNEY DIES AT 58 OF PNEUMONIA; ILL ONLY A FEW DAYS; Sportsman and Financier Succumbs Unexpectedly at HisFifth Avenue Home.CAUGHT COLD ON TUESDAY His Wife, the Former GertrudeVanderbilt, and Their ThreeChildren at Bedside.HE INHERITED A FORTUNE Built Up Vast Properties and Became One of Nation's Richest Men-- Famed for Racing Stables. One of America's Richest Men. H.P. WHITNEY DIES AT 58 OF PNEUMONIA Heir to Wealth and Prestige. Guggenheim Guided His Start. Known Also as Dog Fancier. Many Concerns Now Merged". The New York Times. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
^ Homans, James E., ed. (1918). "Vanderbilt, Alfred Gwynne" . The Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: The Press Association Compilers, Inc.
^ "Reginald Vanderbilt Dies Suddenly Today". The Meridien Daily Journal. September 4, 1925. Retrieved March 15, 2011.
^ "MISS VANDERBILT WILL WED A COUNT; Gladys, Youngest Daughter of Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt, the Financee of Laszlo Szechenyi. HUNGARIAN HERE FOR BRIDE Young Court Chamberlain Is a Guest at the Breakers, Newport – Betrothal Made in Europe Last Summer". The New York Times. October 4, 1907. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
^ "C. Vanderbilt's Personal Estate" (PDF). The New York Times. December 12, 1900. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
^ ^a ^b 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.

Cornelius Vanderbilt II

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