Diogo Freitas do Amaral

In this Portuguese name, the second or paternal family name is Freitas do Amaral.

Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral (Portuguese pronunciation: [diˈoɣu ˈfɾɐjtɐʒ ðu ɐmɐˈɾal]; 21 July 1941 – 3 October 2019) was a Portuguese politician and law professor. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 10 January 1980 to 12 January 1981 and from 12 March 2005 to 3 July 2006. He also served briefly as Prime Minister in an interim capacity in the early 1980s, after the death of Francisco de Sá Carneiro.

His Excellency Diogo Freitas do Amaral GCC GCSE GCIH
Freitas do Amaral in 2005
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office 12 March 2005 – 3 July 2006
Prime Minister	José Sócrates
Preceded by	António Monteiro
Succeeded by	Luís Amado
In office 10 January 1980 – 12 January 1981
Prime Minister	Francisco de Sá Carneiro
Preceded by	João Cardoso
Succeeded by	André Gonçalves Pereira
President of the Democratic Social Centre
In office 31 January 1988 – 22 March 1992
Vice President	Basílio Horta João Morais Leitão José Luís Nogueira de Brito Luís Beiroco
Preceded by	Adriano Moreira
Succeeded by	Manuel Monteiro
In office 26 January 1975 – 20 February 1983
Vice President	Adelino Amaro da Costa Basílio Horta Francisco Lucas Pires Vítor de Sá Machado
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Francisco Lucas Pires
Deputy Prime Minister of Portugal
In office 4 September 1981 – 9 June 1983
Prime Minister	Francisco Pinto Balsemão
Preceded by	Office vacant
Succeeded by	Carlos Mota Pinto
In office 3 January 1980 – 9 January 1981
Prime Minister	Francisco de Sá Carneiro
Preceded by	Manuel Jacinto Nunes
Succeeded by	Office vacant
Minister of National Defence
In office 4 September 1981 – 9 June 1983
Prime Minister	Francisco Pinto Balsemão
Preceded by	Luís de Azevedo Coutinho
Succeeded by	Carlos Mota Pinto
Prime Minister of Portugal
Acting 4 December 1980 – 9 January 1981
President	António Ramalho Eanes
Preceded by	Francisco de Sá Carneiro
Succeeded by	Francisco Pinto Balsemão
Personal details
Born	(1941-07-21)21 July 1941 Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal
Died	3 October 2019(2019-10-03) (aged 78) Cascais, Portugal
Political party	Independent (1992–2019)
Other political affiliations	CDS–PP (1974–1992)
Spouse	Maria José Salgado Sarmento de Matos ​ ​ (m. 1965)​
Children	4
Signature

Background

He was born in Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal, the third but first surviving son of Duarte de Freitas do Amaral and wife Maria Filomena de Campos Trocado, and the older brother of João de Freitas do Amaral.

Career

He was a Licentiate and a Doctorate in Law specialised in Administrative Law and Political Science from the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon, and a Cathedratic Professor in the Faculty of Law at the New University of Lisbon and also a publicist.

He served as a professor in the Faculty of Law of the Lusófona University of Lisbon, where he taught and governed as the chair of the Economics of Public Law in Law degree, developing other teaching activities in the same college. In 1974, some months after the Carnation Revolution, he was one of the Founders and President of then Democratic and Social Centre (CDS), a Christian democratic party. He led this party till 1985, and again from 1988 to 1991. He served as a Deputy to the Assembly of the Republic (the Portuguese parliament) from 1975 to 1982 or 1983, and again in 1992 and 1993.

He was also a Member of the Portuguese Council of State (1974–1982).

In the parliamentary elections of 1979 and 1980, the Democratic Alliance (of which the CDS was a part) won a majority and formed the government, in which Freitas served as Deputy Prime Minister or Vice-Prime-Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1980 and Deputy Prime Minister or Vice-Prime-Minister and Minister of Defence between 1981 and 1983. After the death of Francisco Sá Carneiro, Freitas do Amaral was interim Prime Minister for a short period between 1980 and 1981. Between 1981 and 1982 he was also the President of the European People's Party.

He was a candidate in 1985 for the presidency in the 1986 presidential election. Supported by his own People's Party and by the Social Democratic Party, he established a commanding lead in the first round, but lost the second round by some 150,000 votes to Mário Soares, who was endorsed by the two eliminated candidates.

He was President of the United Nations General Assembly (1995–1996).

A European federalist, he left the party he founded, disagreeing mainly with the Eurosceptic line followed by Manuel Monteiro and Paulo Portas.

Always seen as a right-winger, Freitas do Amaral supported the Social Democratic Party in the parliamentary election of 2002. However, disappointed with the government performance, and critical of its support for the U.S. invasion of Iraq, Freitas do Amaral surprised many observers by announcing his support for the Socialist Party in the 2005 election. He was subsequently nominated for Minister of State and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the XVII Constitutional Government, led by the Socialist leader José Sócrates. He resigned after a little over one year in office, citing health reasons and, as revealed to a newspaper, tiredness resulting from the many diplomatic trips taken.

He was also a Juridical Consultant of many companies.

He authored a biography of King Afonso I and a play about Viriatus.

He also published a study of the actuality and reform of the prison system in Portugal.

Honours

• Grand Cross of the Order of Christ (3 August 1983)
• Grand Cross of the Military Order of Saint James of the Sword (9 June 2003)
• Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry (9 June 1984)

Foreign

• Estonia: First Class of the Order of the White Star (29 March 2006)
• France: Commander of National Order of Merit (27 January 2006)
• Germany: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (22 December 1980)
• Italy: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (3 November 1980)
• Norway: Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav (3 November 1980)

Personal life

He married in Sintra, Santa Maria, on 31 July 1965 Maria José Salgado Sarmento de Matos, born in Lisbon on 13 October 1943, writer under the pseudonym Maria Roma, daughter of José Sarmento Osório de Vasconcelos de Matos (Moimenta da Beira, 28 July 1909 – Sintra, 17 July 1992). They had four children.

In September 2019, Freitas do Amaral was hospitalized in critical condition at a Cascais hospital. On 3 October 2019, it was announced that Freitas do Amaral had died.

Electoral history

Constituent Assembly, 1975

Main article: 1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election

Ballot: 25 April 1975

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	Seats
	PS	Mário Soares	2,162,972	37.9	116
	PPD	Francisco Sá Carneiro	1,507,282	26.4	81
	PCP	Álvaro Cunhal	711,935	12.5	30
	CDS	Diogo Freitas do Amaral	434,879	7.6	16
	MDP/CDE	Francisco Pereira de Moura	236,318	4.1	5
	FSP	Manuel Serra	66,307	1.2	0
	MES	Afonso de Barros	58,248	1.0	0
	Other parties		137,213	2.4	2
Blank/Invalid ballots			396,675	7.0	–
Turnout			5,711,829	91.66	250
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Legislative election, 1976

Main article: 1976 Portuguese legislative election

Ballot: 25 April 1976

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	Seats	+/−
	PS	Mário Soares	1,912,921	34.9	107	–9
	PPD	Francisco Sá Carneiro	1,335,381	24.4	73	–8
	CDS	Diogo Freitas do Amaral	876,007	16.0	42	+26
	PCP	Álvaro Cunhal	788,830	14.4	40	+10
	UDP	Mário Tomé	91,690	1.7	1	±0
	Other parties		220,936	4.0	0	±0
Blank/Invalid ballots			257,696	2.7	–	–
Turnout			5,483,461	83.53	263	+13
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Presidential election, 1986

Main article: 1986 Portuguese presidential election

Ballot: 26 January and 16 February 1986

Candidate		First round		Second round
		Votes	%	Votes	%
	Mário Soares	1,443,683	25.4	3,010,756	51.2
	Diogo Freitas do Amaral	2,629,597	46.3	2,872,064	48.8
	Francisco Salgado Zenha	1,185,867	20.9
	Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo	418,961	7.4
Blank/Invalid ballots		64,626	–	54,280	–
Turnout		5,742,734	75.39	5,937,100	77.99
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

CDS leadership election, 1988

Ballot: 31 January 1988

Candidate		Votes	%
	Diogo Freitas do Amaral	Voice vote
Turnout			100.0
Source: Congress 1988

Legislative election, 1991

Main article: 1991 Portuguese legislative election

Ballot: 6 October 1991

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	Seats	+/−
	PSD	Aníbal Cavaco Silva	2,902,351	50.6	135	–13
	PS	Jorge Sampaio	1,670,758	29.1	72	+12
	CDU	Álvaro Cunhal	504,583	8.8	17	–14
	CDS	Diogo Freitas do Amaral	254,317	4.4	5	+1
	PSN	Manuel Sérgio	96,096	1.6	1	new
	PSR	Francisco Louçã	64,159	1.1	0	±0
	Other parties		132,495	2.3	0	–7
Blank/Invalid ballots			110,672	1.9	–	–
Turnout			5,735,431	67.78	230	–20
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Ancestors

Ancestors of Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral

8. Francisco Pinto de Carvalho do Amaral e Freitas 4. Duarte do Amaral Pinto de Freitas 9. Maria Arminda de Sampaio Leite Ferreira 2. Duarte Pinto de Carvalho de Freitas do Amaral 10. António Mendes Ribeiro 5. Ana Mendes Ribeiro de Oliveira 11. Francisca Augusta de Oliveira 1. Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral 12. Francisco Luís Trocado 6. Josué Francisco Trocado 13. Maria Emília da Cruz e Campos 3. Maria Filomena de Campos Trocado 14. José Fernandes da Silva Campos 7. Maria Alves de Campos 15. Carolina Alves Campos

Books

• D. Afonso Henriques biografia. Lisboa: Bertrand, 2009.
• Camarate: um caso ainda em aberto : apelo de um cidadão. Lisboa: Bertrand, 2010. ISBN 9789722522434
• História do Pensamento Político Ocidental. Coimbra: Almedina, 2011. ISBN 978-972-40-4645-7

References

• Anuário da Nobreza de Portugal, III, 2006, Tomo IV, pp. 862–873
• Costados, Gonçalo de Mesquita da Silveira de Vasconcelos e Sousa, Livraria Esquina, 1.ª Edição, Porto, 1997, N.º 55