Ocean escort was a type of United States Navy warship. They were an evolution of the World War II destroyer escort types. The ocean escorts were intended as convoy escorts and were designed for mobilization production in wartime or low-cost mass production in peacetime. They were commissioned from 1954 through 1974, serving in the Cold War and the Vietnam War.[1][2]
Designation
editThe ocean escorts' hull classification symbol was DE, a carryover from the World War II era when vessels of similar size and role were classified as destroyer escorts. DEs were ASW vessels; DEGs were ASW and AAW vessels with the short-range Tartar guided missile added. Ships similar or identical to the World War II destroyer escorts and the Cold War ocean escorts were called "frigates" in most other navies.
Outside the US Navy, no other navy appears to have used the ship type of "ocean escort". The closest equivalents in type name are the Soviet Riga and Petya classes, built circa 1954–65. These classes' Russian designation of storozhevoi korabi translates to "escort ship", "sentry ship", or "guard ship".[3][4] These were smaller than any of the US ocean escorts, at 1,416 tons (Riga) and 1,150 tons (Petya) full load, compared with Dealey at 1,877 tons full load.[5] Many USN ocean escorts were transferred to foreign navies following USN service; they received pennant numbers beginning with "D", "DE", "F", or (in the Mexican Navy) "E".[6] The "E" designator was also used for ex-USN Fletcher-class destroyers in that navy.[7]
Ocean escort classes
edit- (13) Dealey-class
- (4) Claud Jones-class
- (2) Bronstein-class
- (11) Garcia-class
- (6) Brooke-class (DEG)
- (46) Knox-class
- (82) total
1975 reclassification
editThe ocean escort type corresponded to other nations' frigates (convoy escorts). Until 1975, the US Navy used the term "frigate" for destroyer leaders (DL, DLG, DLGN).[1][2]
The 1975 ship reclassification changed the ocean escorts (DE/DEG) to frigates (FF/FFG) to be in line with other nations' classifications. The DLG-type "frigates" became either destroyers or cruisers, depending on tonnage.[1][2]
See also
edit- List of destroyer escorts of the United States Navy
- Frigate
- Destroyer escort
- Corvette - Cold War French Navy term for frigate-type ships
- Escort destroyer
References
edit- ^ a b c Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947-1995. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 579–585, 595–599. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
- ^ a b c Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775-1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 213–217, 240–245. ISBN 0-313-26202-0.
- ^ Archived Riga class page at russian-ships.info
- ^ Archived Petya class page at russian-ships.info
- ^ Gardiner & Chumbley, pp. 392–392, 595
- ^ Various ship pages linked at "Destroyer Escorts, Frigates, and Littoral Warfare Vessels" at NavSource.org
- ^ Gardiner & Chumbley, p. 263