Eva Schloss MBE[1] (née Geiringer; born 11 May 1929) is an Austrian-English Holocaust survivor, memoirist and stepdaughter of Otto Frank, the father of Margot and diarist Anne Frank.[1] Schloss speaks widely of her family's experiences during the Holocaust and is a participant in the USC Shoah Foundation's Visual History Archive project to record video answers to be used in educational tools.[2]
Eva Schloss MBE | |
|---|---|
 Schloss in 2010 | |
| Born | Eva Geiringer 11 May 1929 Vienna, Austria |
| Citizenship | British and Austrian |
| Alma mater | University of Amsterdam |
| Known for | Holocaust survivor |
| Notable work | Eva's Story The Promise |
| Spouse |
Zvi Schloss
(m. 1952; died 2016) |
| Children | 3 |
| Parent(s) | Erich Geiringer (father) Elfriede Geiringer (mother) Otto Frank (stepfather) |
| Relatives | Margot Frank (stepsister) Anne Frank (stepsister) |
| Website | web |
Early life
editEva Geiringer was born in Vienna to a Jewish family. Her older brother, Heinz, was born in 1926. Shortly after the annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938, her family emigrated to Belgium and finally to the Netherlands.[3] She lived in the same apartment block in Amsterdam as Anne Frank, and the girls, only a month apart in age, were sometimes playmates from ages 11 to 13. In 1942, both girls went into hiding to avoid the Nazi effort to capture the Jews of Amsterdam.[3] In May 1944, Schloss's family was captured by the Nazis after being betrayed by a double agent in the Dutch underground, and transported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau Nazi concentration camps.[3] Her father and brother did not survive the ordeal, but she and her mother were barely alive when they were freed in 1945 by Soviet troops.[3]
They returned to Amsterdam, and during that time, Schloss and her mother renewed their friendship with Otto Frank, who was at that time contending with the loss of his wife and children, and the discovery of his daughter Anne's diary. In November 1953, Schloss's mother Elfriede (1905–1998) married Otto Frank.[3]
Post-war life
editSchloss continued her schooling and then studied art history at the University of Amsterdam. She then traveled to England to study photography for a year. While there, she met and married Zvi Schloss, a Jewish refugee from Germany whose father was imprisoned at Dachau concentration camp, and who had been living in Mandatory Palestine.[4][5] The couple subsequently settled in England and took British citizenship.[6]
Schloss has three daughters and lives in London.[4] Her husband died in 2016.[6]
In June 2021, Schloss became a dual citizen of the United Kingdom and Austria, taking up Austrian citizenship again as a gesture of reconciliation with her native country.[6]
Outreach
edit
Schloss did not talk about her experiences in the concentration camp until after Otto's death in 1980. Having experienced her stepfather's emotional involvement with Anne and the preservation of her memory, she felt compelled to take on the responsibility of keeping Anne Frank's name alive.[4] Schloss began to speak of her family's experiences during the Holocaust at educational institutions.[7][3] She is a co-founder of The Anne Frank Trust UK,[6][7] and playwright James Still described her experiences as a persecuted young Jewish woman in the play And Then They Came for Me – Remembering the World of Anne Frank.[3]
In an effort to preserve the memories of Holocaust survivors for future generations, Schloss participated in the USC Shoah Foundation's Visual History Archive project, in which she recorded answers to numerous questions while holographic technology recorded the sessions. The hologram has now become a part of interactive displays at museums, where people can ask questions and receive recorded answers from the hologram.[8]
During a March 2019 book tour in Orange County, California, Schloss met with a group of Newport Harbor High School students, parents and staff members. The prior week, students from Newport Harbor, Costa Mesa and Estancia high schools gave Nazi salutes as they posed for photos at a party in front of cups arranged in the shape of a swastika while playing a variation of beer pong. Schloss talked to the students about her experience in the Holocaust when she was around their ages in an effort to educate them on the implications of the imagery they used.[9][10]
Honours
editSchloss was awarded an honorary doctorate by Northumbria University in 2001.[11] She was honoured with an MBE in the 2013 New Year's Honours[1] and the Medal for Services to the Republic of Austria on the occasion of her taking Austrian citizenship in 2021.[6]
Works
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c "Eva Schloss, Otto Frank's stepdaughter, awarded MBE in New Year's Honours". Anne Frank Foundation. 3 January 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
- ^ "Eva Schloss". Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g Beattie, Kamy (5 May 2008). "Holocaust survivor Eva Schloss to present Geifman Lecture in Holocaust Studies". Augustana College. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f Duerden, Nick (6 April 2013). "I've been haunted by Anne Frank's memory for so long". The Guardian.
- ^ Zvi and Eva Schloss papers
- ^ a b c d e Francis, Sam (22 June 2021). "Eva Schloss: 'Why I took Austrian citizenship aged 92'". BBC News. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
- ^ a b "Eva Schloss". Anne Frank Trust UK. Archived from the original on 11 March 2011.
- ^ "Auschwitz survivor Eva Schloss recorded in virtual reality". BBC News. 22 December 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
- ^ Langhorne, Daniel (7 March 2019). "O.C. teens involved in swastika party meet with Anne Frank's stepsister". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
- ^ "Stepsister of Anne Frank speaks to teens who played Nazi-themed beer pong". The Times of Israel. Associated Press. 8 March 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
- ^ "Auschwitz survivor receives degree". BBC News. 24 July 2001.
External links
edit- Literature by and about Eva Schloss in the German National Library catalogue
- Eva Schloss website
- Anne Sebba: "The story of Eva Schloss, Anne Frank's stepsister"[dead link], The Times, 6 January 2009.
- Candice Krieger: "Eva Schloss is using her experience of Auschwitz and the Nazis to fight knife crime", The Jewish Chronicle, 28 August 2008.
- Ori Golan: "Anne Frank: A Stepsister’s Story", The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles; accessed 26 September 2014.
- "Remembering Anne Frank", cnn.com; accessed 26 September 2014.