Hassan Hattab (Arabic: حسان حطاب; born 14 January 1967), also known as Abu Hamza (Arabic: أبو حمزة), is the founder and first leader of the Algerian Jihadist rebel group Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) from 1998 to 2003.
Hassan Hattab | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Native name | حسان حطاب |
| Born | 14 January 1967 Rouiba, Algeria |
| Allegiance |  Algeria (?–1989) GIA (1992–1996) GSPC (1998–2003) |
| Rank | Emir |
| Battles / wars | Algerian Civil War |
Early life and education
editBorn in Rouiba on 14 January 1967, Hattab received religious education in his hometown.[1] Later, he was trained as a paratrooper in his national service in the Algerian army,[2] in the course of which he met his future lieutenants Amari Saïfi and Abbi Abdelaziz. After leaving the army in 1989, he became a mechanic. He joined the most radical of the Islamist guerrilla movements, the Armed Islamic Group (GIA), after the cancellation of the 1992 elections. In 1994, he became "amir", or chief, in charge of what it called the "second zone" (Kabylia and the eastern part of the capital).[3] As such, he notably was the signer of the document announcing that the GIA had assassinated the Kabyle singer Lounes Matoub.
GSPC
editHattab left the GIA in 1996, rejecting its takfirist policy of massacring Algerian civilians en masse and accusing it of being infiltrated by the Algerian secret services. He formed a separate group, the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC), the same year.[4] However, there is another report giving the year of foundation as 1998.[5] The main objective of the GSPC, like the GIA, was to establish an Islamic state in Algeria, rejecting the current secular government.[5] Hattab declared that the GSPC would refrain from attacking civilians. This policy enabled the GSPC to build a larger support network than that of the GIA, making it Algeria's most significant Islamist movement. In 2000, the GSPC embraced Al-Qaeda's ideology of global Jihad.[6]
The GSPC was mainly active in the east of the country, notably in the forests of western Kabylie such as Mizrana, Boumehni, Sidi Ali Bounab, and Takhoukht. The GSPC soon eclipsed the GIA as the latter was torn apart by internal purges and army victories. Hattab lost his leadership position and on 23 October 2003, Nabil Sahraoui took over the group. This was as a result of Hattab's view that reconciliation with the government should be encouraged.[7] A "repentant" ex-member reported that Hattab was killed by members of his own organization in summer 2003.[8] However, his successor, the then GSPC leader Sahraoubi reported that Hattab had resigned "of his own accord".[9]
On 9 February 2005, the GSPC announced that it had excluded Hattab entirely from the group and saw him as a "stranger to jihad" and a "suppliant before tyranny", according to El Watan, thus further suggesting that previous rumors of his death were incorrect.[10] In March, he was reported to have called for the GSPC to end their fight.[11]
Surrender
editOn 22 March 2007, Agence France Presse reported that Hassan Hattab was under a death sentence in Algeria.[12] On 5 October 2007, then-Algerian Minister of Interior Noureddine Yazid Zerhouni confirmed that Hattab had surrendered on 22 September.[13] However, Hattab did not attend the court.[3] In March 2011, then-Justice Minister Tayeb Belaiz stated that Hassan Hattab had been put in a safe place, whereas Abderezzak El Para had been imprisoned.[14]
References
edit- ^ "Hassan Hattab, "I have been forced to join the armed activities ..."". Ennahar. 15 March 2009. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
- ^ Smith, Gregory A. "Al-Qaeda in the Lands of the Islamic Maghreb". Journal of Strategic Security: 53–72. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
- ^ a b "What Happened to Hassan Hattab and Amari Saïfi (alias Abderrezak El Para)?". Algeria Watch. 20 December 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
- ^ Johnson, Thomas H. (November 2006). "Analyses of the Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat (GSPC)" (PDF). Strategic Insights. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
- ^ a b Kennedy Boudali, Lianne (April 2007). "The GSPC: Newest Franchise in al-Qa'ida's Global Jihad" (PDF). DTIC. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
- ^ Harmon, Stephen A. (9 March 2016). Terror and Insurgency in the Sahara-Sahel Region: Corruption, Contraband, Jihad and the Mali War of 2012-2013. Routledge. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-317-04606-6.
- ^ Tawil, Camille (27 July 2009). "New Strategies in al-Qaeda's Battle for Algeria" (PDF). Terrorism Monitor. 7 (22). Retrieved 21 January 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Hassan Hattab a été exécuté par ses lieutenants, l'Expression, 11 May 2004
- ^ "Algerian Islamist GSPC leader Nabil Sahraoui profiled". Asia Africa Intelligence Wire. 28 May 2004. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
- ^ Hassan Hattab exclu du GSPC, Algeria-Watch, 13 February 2005
- ^ Hattab calls for dropping weapons Archived 2 May 2005 at the Wayback Machine, Arabic News, 17 March 2005
- ^ Algeria Fights New Surge of Extremist Violence, Arab News, 22 March 2007
- ^ "Top Algerian militant surrenders", BBC News, 5 October 2007.
- ^ "Former leader of the GSPC, Hassan Hattab, placed in a safe place". Ennahar. Algiers. 9 March 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2013.