Hermann I (German: Hermann von Cilli, Slovene: Herman Celjski; around 1333 – 21 March 1385), Count of Celje, was a Styrian nobleman, who was head of the House of Celje between 1359 and 1385. In the first decade, he ruled together with his older brother Ulrich. After Ulrich's death, Hermann took over the custody of his nephew William and ruled as the de facto head of the family. Under his rule, the House of Celje began expanding its influence from its power base in present-day Slovenia and southern Carinthia to Central Europe and the Balkans. By marriage to the Bosnian princess Catherine, whose exact parentage is disputed, Hermann became the brother-in-law either of the Hungarian and Polish king Louis the Great, or of the Bosnian king Tvrtko I.[1] His son Hermann II further expanded the family's wealth and influence. By the time of his death, Hermann I was the largest landowner in the territory of present-day Slovenia, where his possessions significantly outnumbered those of his Habsburg liege lords.
Hermann I of Celje | |
|---|---|
| Count of Celje | |
| Reign | 1359/60 – 1385 |
| Predecessor | Ulrich I |
| Successor | Hermann II |
| Noble family | House of Celje |
| Spouse(s) | Catherine of Bosnia |
| Issue | Hermann II |
| Father | Frederick I |
| Mother | Diemut of Walsee |
Life
editLittle is known of Hermann's early life. He was the second-born son of Frederick of Sanneck, first Count of Celje, and his wife Diemut from the noble Wallsee family. His father had inherited the Celje Castle and took possession of it in 1332, but it's unclear whether Hermann was born there or in the nearby Žovnek Castle, their ancestral home. After his father's death in 1359 or 1360, Hermann took over the family estates which were significantly enlarged during his father's tenure, and ruled them together with his older brother Ulrich I. This was in accordance with the family tradition which avoided splitting the inheritance among brothers, and instead opted for shared rule among them. After Ulrich's death in 1368, Hermann became the sole administrator of the Celje estates, ruling also in the name of his 7-year old nephew William.
Together with his son Hermann II and nephew William, Hermann took part in the crusade against Samogitians in 1377, as part of the entourage of Duke Albert III of Austria.
Hermann died in 1385, and was succeeded by his second-born son Hermann, as his first-born son Hans died already in 1372.
Marriage and children
editHermann was married to Catherine of Bosnia, a princess from the ruling Kotromanić dynasty.[2] Their first born son John (Hans) died at the age of nine. Two children survived infancy:
- Hermann II, a claimant to the Bosnian throne;[3] married Anna of Schaunberg and had issue, among whom Barbara of Cilli, Holy Roman Empress.
- Walburga, married Bernhard of Ptuj (Pettau), no issue.
Family
edit| Ancestors of Hermann I of Celje | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conrad I of Sanneck ∞ Sophie of Pfannberg-Peggau | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wladislaw of Poland | Ulrich of Sanneck | Catherine of Heunburg | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Frederick I of Celje ∞ Diemut of Wallsee | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Casimir III of Poland | Ulrich I of Celje | Hermann I of Celje | Catherine of Bosnia | Elizabeth of Poland ∞ Charles I of Hungary | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anna of Poland | William of Celje | Hermann II of Celje | Anna of Schaunberg | Elizabeth of Bosnia | Louis I of Hungary and Poland | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anna of Celje | Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland | Frederick II of Celje ∞ Elizabeth of Frankopan | Barbara of Celje | Sigismund of Luxembourg king of Bohemia, Germany | Mary of Hungary | Jadwiga of Poland | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ulrich II, Count of Celje | Katarina Branković | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
edit- ^ Peter Štih & al. Slovenska zgodovina od prazgodovinskih kultur do začetka 21. stoletja (Ljubljana: 2016), p. 136.
- ^ Voje, Ignacij (1981). "Katarina Celjska - Kotromanićka in njen pečat" [Catherine of Cilli – Kotromanić and her Seal]. Celjski zbornik (in Slovenian).
- ^ Čepič et al. (1979): Zgodovina Slovencev. Ljubljana, Cankarjeva založba. Str. 216.