Hong Xuezhi

In this Chinese name, the family name is Hong.

Hong Xuezhi (Chinese: 洪学智; February 2, 1913 – November 20, 2006) was a Chinese general and politician. He was the only person awarded the rank of 3-star general in 1955 who was reawarded the gold medal in 1988 as an active PLA officer when the PLA readopted a rank system.

Hong Xuezhi
Xuezhi in 1955
Native name	洪学智
Nickname(s)	"The 6-star colonel general" (liù xīng shàng jiàng, 六星上将)
Born	(1913-02-02)February 2, 1913 Shuanghe town, Shangcheng County, Henan, China (now in Jinzhai County, Anhui, China)
Died	November 20, 2006(2006-11-20) (aged 93) Beijing, China
Allegiance	People's Republic of China
Rank	General
Battles / wars	Chinese Civil War Second Sino-Japanese War Korean War
Awards	Order of Bayi (First Class) Order of Independence and Freedom (First Class) Order of Liberation (First Class) Order of the National Flag, 1st class Order of Freedom and Independence, 1st class (twice)
Other work	Vice Chairperson of the Seventh and Eighth Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (1990-1998)

Biography

Hong was born in Jinzhai county, Anhui. In 1929 Hong joined the Chinese Communist Party. He survived and gained promotions during Chiang Kai-shek's Encirclement Campaigns during the early Chinese Civil War. In 1935, Hong joined the Long March with the New Fourth Army. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Huang joined the Hundred Regiments Offensive.

During the Korean War, Hong was the deputy commander and director of logistics of the People's Volunteer Army. He participated in the armistice negotiations that ended the Korean War in 1953. In 1955, he was promoted to the rank of Colonel General (Shang Jiang). Hong was removed from his position in 1959 for his connections with marshal Peng Dehuai, who was dismissed from office for criticizing Mao Zedong’s economic policies during the Great Leap Forward. He was rehabilitated in the early 1960s and made director of heavy industry of Jilin province, but was persecuted by Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution. He was then made director of Jilin's oil industry in 1974.

After the Deng Xiaoping came to power in the late 1970s, Hong was fully rehabilitated. He joined the Central Military Commission and became the vice chairman of the 7th and 8th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Committees. In 1988 when ranks were readopted by the PLA, Hong became the only 1955 Shang Jiang to be reawarded the same rank. Thus, he earned the nickname of Six-Star General. In 1989, Hong retired from the position of the deputy secretary-general of the Central Military Commission.

Hong married Zhang Wen. They had three sons and five daughters, including Hong Hu, the Governor of the Jilin between 1999 and 2004.

References

• Leaders bid farewell to General Hong Xuezhi Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine