Isabella Gibbons

Isabella Gibbons
Isabella Gibbons
Born	c. 1836; Virginia
Died	February 4, 1890 (about 54 years old); Washington, D.C.
Burial place	Charlottesville, Virginia
Other names	Isabella Gibbins
Occupation(s)	Acted as Nurse during civil war, Teacher
Years active	1866–1874
Known for	Her eyes on the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers
Spouse	William Gibbons

Isabella Gibbons (c. 1836 – February 4, 1890) was an enslaved woman serving as a cook at the University of Virginia, in Charlottesville, Virginia. After she was freed in 1865 she became a teacher.

Under slavery

Isabella's birth date, place of birth, and parents are unknown. About 1850 she was purchased by William Barton Rogers, a professor of natural philosophy (science) at the University who later founded the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and was his family's cook until 1853.^[1] She apparently was taught to read by Emma Savage Rogers. In the early 1850s she married William Gibbons, also an enslaved laborer owned by a university professor. They had four children; one was named Bella.^[2]^[3]

In 1853 Rogers was replaced as professor of natural philosophy by Francis Henry Smith, and Gibbons was the cook for Smith's family until 1863.^[4]^{: 24 n. 7, 80}

She acted as nurse at the Confederate military hospital set up at the University.^[5]

After emancipation

She and her husband were freed when General Philip Sheridan's troops reached Charlottesville, bringing the Emancipation Proclamation with them, on March 3, 1865 (see Liberation and Freedom Day).

She became a teacher at the Freedmen's School; its direct descendant is the Jefferson School.^[2] Newspaper reports speak positively of her:

We have four teachers at Charlottesville, and Miss Anna Gardner has taken the more advanced pupils whom she is forming into a normal [teacher training] class. One of her pupils has also aided her in teaching, Mrs. Isabella Gibbins. Although the mother of several children, whom she must aid in supporting, she wishes to perfect her own education and become a teacher of her people. She is doubly precious to our hearts, as the devoted nurse of one of the noblest and best-beloved of our young officers, who died a prisoner in rebel hands.^[6]

She received similar praise in 1867^[7] and 1869.^[8] The last reference to her as a Charlottesville teacher is from 1874.^[9]

Memorial to Enslaved Laborers

The only known writing of Isabella is the following letter, published in the journal of the charity providing support to schools for freedmen, the New England Freedman's Aid Society. In all the several references to her in this publication her name appears as Gibbins.

CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va., March 29, 1867.
DEAR LADY,—We have lived to see the fortieth Congress and to behold a change of affairs. The rebels begin to see the error of their way at last, and do all they can to better our race. They say the colored people are not only free but have a right to vote. Now let us be kind to them; they have been our slaves, and we must do something for them. It will not do to leave them to the care of those hated yankees. They will build them up as a tower against us. We must not do as we would like, but as we must, in this time of trouble, because the time that the Garrisons, the Sumners, and Stevens have been telling them about, has come, they will believe it if we do not take right steps in time. They are a good people, and so fond of their old masters, they will do what we want they should. Most of them love us, and have forgotten what happened while they were slaves. They know we are their friends.
This is a grand story for them to tell, but let us answer them. Can we forget the crack of the whip, cowhide, whipping-post, the auction-block, the hand-cuffs, the [manacles], the iron collar, the negro-trader tearing the young child from its mother’s breast as a whelp from the lioness? Have we forgotten that by those horrible cruelties, hundreds of our race have been killed? No, we have not, nor ever will.
If the Northern people who have given their life’s blood for our liberty are not our friends, where can we find them? O, God help us to love these people.
I am with the warmest regards,
Your servant,
ISABELLA GIBBINS^[10]

The sentences with italic added were inscribed in the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers at the University of Virginia, in Charlottesville.

Her eyes, from the above photograph, were etched on the outside of the memorial.

Legacy

In 2015, the University of Virginia named its new residence hall Gibbons House, in honor of Isabella and William. In the public area are photos of them, interpretive panels on the walls, and a plaque about them.^[2]
Isabella's eyes, based on the above photograph, as there is no other, and the quote cited above, are inscribed on the exterior of the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers.

References

^ Schulman, Gayle M. (2003). "Slaves at the University of Virginia" (PDF). latinamericanstudies.org.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bromley, Anne E. (June 15, 2015). "Gibbons House dedication memorializes former slaves, successful free lives". UVAToday. Archived from the original on April 18, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
^ "Behind Her Eyes: The Story of Isabella Gibbons". Office for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. 13 August 2020. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
^ McInnis, Maurie D. (2019). "Introduction". In McInnis, Maurie D.; Nelson, Louis P. (eds.). Educated in Tyranny: Slavery at Thomas Jefferson's University. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia Press. pp. 1–25. ISBN 9780813942865.
^ "Isabella Gibbons and Pavilion VI". Thomas Jefferson Architect. Palladian models, Democratic Principles, and the Conflict of Ideas. University of Virginia. Archived from the original on August 25, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
^ Cheney, Ednah D. (May 1866). "Report of committee on teachers". The Freedmen's Record. Vol. 2, no. 5. pp. 86–93, at p. 88. Archived from the original on 2020-08-25. Retrieved 2020-08-22 – via accessiblearchives.com.
^ Cheney, E. D. (May 1867). "Report of committee on teachers". The Freedmen's Record. Vol. 3, no. 5. pp. 69–75, at p, 73. Archived from the original on 2020-08-25. Retrieved 2020-08-22 – via accessiblearchives.com.
^ Cheney, E. D. (June 1869). "Report of committee on teachers". The Freedmen's Record. Vol. 5, no. 2. pp. 13–18, at p. 16. Archived from the original on 2020-08-25. Retrieved 2020-08-22 – via accessiblearchives.com.
^ Cheney, E. D. (April 1874). "Report of committee on teachers". The Freedmen's Record. Vol. 5, no. 11. pp. 145–148, at p. 146. Archived from the original on 2020-08-25. Retrieved 2020-08-22 – via accessiblearchives.com.
^ Gibbins, Isabella (June 1867). "Extracts from teachers' letters". The Freedmen's Record (The Freedmen's Journal). Vol. 3, no. 6. pp. 102–106, at pp. 104–105. Archived from the original on 2020-08-25. Retrieved 2020-08-22 – via accessiblearchives.com.