Kaikhosro (also spelled Kay Khusrau, Kai Khusraw; Georgian: ქაიხოსრო) (January 1, 1674 – September 27, 1711), of the House of Bagrationi, was a titular king (a Persian-appointed wali) of Kartli, eastern Georgia, from 1709 to 1711. He reigned in absentia since he served during the whole of this period as a Persian commander-in-chief in what is now Afghanistan.
| Kaikhosro | |
|---|---|
| King of Kartli | |
| Reign | 1709—1711 |
| Predecessor | George XI of Kartli |
| Born | 1674 |
| Died | 1711 Kandahar |
| Dynasty | Bagrationi |
| Father | Levan of Kartli |
| Mother | Tuta Gurieli |
| Khelrtva |  |
Biography
editKaikhosro was the son of Prince Levan, and accompanied his father during the service in the Safavid Empire. Since 1703, Kaikhosro himself served on high posts in the Persian administration, including being a darougha (prefect) of the capital city of Isfahan and a naib (deputy) to the divanbeg (chief justice). On the death of his uncle, Gurgin Khan (George XI), in 1709, he was confirmed as a wali/king of Kartli and a sipah-salar (commander-in-chief) of the Persian armies in what is now Afghanistan, and granted Tabriz and Barda in possession. He spent the whole of this period in the field, and Kartli was administered by his brother Vakhtang.
In November 1709, Kaikhosro led a new Persian–Georgian army, supported by contingents from Khorasan, Herat, and Kerman, against the Afghans after Gurgin Khan was assassinated by Mir Wais Hotak, a rebel chieftain of the Ghilzai tribe. Kaikhosro's efforts to take Kandahar, however, were in vain. A fragile truce ensued, but in the summer of 1711 the hostilities resumed. Kaikhosro forced the rebels to withdraw within the walls of Kandahar city which was placed under siege. However, the position of the besiegers soon became precarious due to attacks by the Balochs. The fighting took the life of the Georgian prince Alexander. On October 26, 1711, Kaikhosro ordered a retreat from the city. The Afghans attacked the retreating army and won a crushing victory; Kaikhosro was killed when he fell off his horse and his entire army of 30,000 soldiers (of whom only some 700 escaped) was annihilated.[1][2]
Family
editKaikhosro was married to Ketevan, the daughter of a man named Giorgi. Her surname is not known. In the 1720s, she followed the royal family of Kartli in their flight to the Russian Empire, where she was known as the tsaritsa Ekaterina Igoriyevna (Russian: Екатерина Гиоргиевна). She died in Moscow on 3 May 1730 and was buried at the Greek Church of St. Nicholas in Kitaigorod.
Kaikhosro had four children, three—David, Ana, and Khoreshan—by Ketevan, and one—Shahanavaz-Khan—by a concubine.
- Prince David (1710—1738) was married to a certain Mariam, lived in Russia and died at Moscow, being buried at the Donskoy Monastery.
- Princess Ana (died 1786).
- Princess Khoreshan (died 1732) married first to Shah Sultan Husayn of Iran in 1710 and second, after the shah's death in 1727, the khan of Erivan.
- Prince Shahnavaz (Shanaoz-Khan; fl. 1742).
See also
editNotes and references
edit- ^ Packard Humanities Institute - Persian Literature in Translation - Chapter IV: An Outline Of The History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries...THE AFGHÁN INVASION (A.D. 1722-1730)
- ^ Maeda, Hirotake (April 7, 2008). "Kay Kosrow Khan[permanent dead link]", in: Encyclopaedia Iranica (Online edition Archived 2019-04-16 at the Wayback Machine). Retrieved on 2008-06-15.
- Martin Sicker, The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire (Hardcover) (2000), Praeger/Greenwood, ISBN 0-275-96891-X, page 44