Keezhadi, also spelt Keeladi, is a village near the village of Silaiman, on the border between Madurai and Sivagangai districts, in Tamil Nadu, India. The Keezhadi excavation site is located in this area: excavations carried out by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and the Tamil Nadu Archaeology Department (TNAD) have revealed a Sangam era settlement dated to the 6th century BCE by radiocarbon dating.[1] Claims that the results show that there was writing at that time have been challenged. It is not clear whether the potsherds containing inscriptions were found in the same archaeological layer as the 6th century samples, and University of Calcutta archaeologist Bishnupriya Basak said that "This unfortunately is not clear from the report and is very crucial", adding that the issues of "layer, period and absolute dates" needed clarity. Dravidian University archaeologist E. Harsha Vardhan said that a single report was not enough to "state scientifically that the Tamil-Brahmi script belongs to the sixth century BC".[2]
Keezhadi | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 Archaeological site | |
  Keezhadi Location in Tamil Nadu, India  Keezhadi Keezhadi (Tamil Nadu) | |
| Coordinates: 9°51′47″N 78°10′56″E / 9.8630727°N 78.1820931°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Sivagangai |
| Region | Madurai |
| Government | |
| • Body | Panchayat |
| • President | V Venkatasubramanian |
| Elevation | 123 m (404 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 5,140 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 630611 |
| Telephone code | 04574 |
| Assembly constituency | Manamadurai |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Sivagangai |
Excavations
editAn archaeological survey team under Archaeologist Amarnath Ramakrishna [3] was first conducted in 2013 in the vicinity of the Vaigai river from Theni district to Ramanathapuram district where the river meets the sea.[4] During the study, 293 sites, including Keezhadi, were identified to have archaeological residues.[5] The first three phases of excavation at Keezhadi were conducted by the Archaeological Survey of India, and they dropped it from doing further research. A public interest litigation was filed and following that the court ordered the regional depart to carry forward, following which the fourth and fifth phases were conducted by the Tamil Nadu Archaeology Department.
Carbon nanomaterials in Keezhadi pottery
editA team of researchers identified pottery shards at Keezhadi that contain carbon nanomaterials, including single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.[6]
Keezhadi Heritage Museum
editKeezhadi Heritage museum was inaugurated by Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin on 5 March 2023 in Sivaganga, close to the historic archaeological site which was discovered in 2014. The museum has been established at a cost of ₹18.42 crore across 31,000 square feet of land. Built in a Karaikudi based traditional Chettinad style, the architecture displays artefacts and antiquities excavated from the site since 2017 in the present-day Sivaganga district by the Tamil Nadu State Department of Archaeology.[7][8] On display would be artefacts like dice made of ivory and terracotta, male and female figurines made of terracotta, iron dagger, and punch-mark coins. The museum will also display replicas of the trenches and some of the urns that were unearthed in Konthagai, believed to be the burial site of inhabitants of Keezhadi. The museum has six display halls – only ground floor in three, two with mezzanine floors and one with mezzanine and first floor – and an auditorium where visitors will be treated to documentaries on excavations in Keezhadi and their significance.[9]
Transport
editAir
editNearest airport to Keezhadi is Madurai International Airport 15.2 Kms away from Keezhadi.
Rail
editNearest railhead is Silaiman Railway Station 2.7 Kms away from Keezhadi. Nearest major railhead is Madurai Junction Railway Station 13.4 Kms away from Keezhadi.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Dennis S. Jesudasan (20 September 2019). "Keezhadi excavations: Sangam era older than previously thought, finds study". The Hindu.
- ^ Charuch, Sukanya (17 October 2019). "Experts Question Dates of Script in Tamil Nadu's Keeladi Excavation Report". The Wire Science. The Wire (India). Retrieved 12 April 2020.
- ^ The Hindu Net Desk (16 May 2017). "Keezhadi excavation leads to ancient civilisation on the banks of Vaigai". The Hindu.
- ^ Sruthisagar Yamunan (11 May 2017). "Sangam-era site at Keezhadi is as complex as Indus Valley, proof of a glorious Tamil civilisation". Scroll.in.
- ^ The Hindu Net Desk (13 June 2017). "Keezhadi excavation: what was found and what they mean". The Hindu.
- ^ Kokarneswaran, Manivannan; Selvaraj, Prakash; Ashokan, Thennarasan; Perumal, Suresh; Sellappan, Pathikumar; Durai Murugan, Kandhasamy; Ramalingam, Sivanantham; Mohan, Nagaboopathy; Chandrasekaran, Vijayanand (13 November 2020). "Discovery of carbon nanotubes in sixth century BC potteries from Keeladi, India". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 19786 1–6. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1019786K. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76720-z. PMC 7666134. PMID 33188244.
- ^ "CM Stalin inaugurates museum displaying artefacts excavated from Keeladi site". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ "Tamil Nadu CM Stalin inaugurates Keeladi museum in Sivaganga". Indian Express. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ "Tamil Nadu: Chettinad architecture for museum at Sangam-era site of Keeladi". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
